The subject of this study is the business activities of an industrialist from county of Jämtland, Sven O Persson (S P), from the end of the 1910's to the end of the 1980's. The economic development of Jämtland during the last one hundred years has also been depicted and placed in relation to the national one, during periods of directional change and/or expansion. Of primary interest is the interplay between S P's business operations and the surrounding world.This research looks at S P's business activities both from a structural-analytical perspective and an entrepreneurial. Sven Persson's operations commenced in Jämtland at the end of the 1910's with horse dealing, and the first woodland properties were acquired in 1926. Early on (1932) he linked his operations to the development of the motor vehicle. Up until the middle of the I960's the transport sector was the foremost driving force behind his business expansion. Sven Persson's widespread net of personal contacts provided him with information of important sections of the county's economy, which made it easier for him to discover and capitalize on the business opportunities opened by the breakthrough of the trucking industry the timber boom and the regulated economy of the W W II. It is worth mentioning that his operations integrated Östersund's advantages with those of the countryside and business activity was thus largely independent of the geographical location of this agrarian county and the long distances to populated, affluent markets. After the founding of Persson Invest (PI) in 1968 business operations grew rapidly and principally outside the county, and the main product was then chipboard. The hardening competition in the economy had enabled the concern to acquire insolvent companies and/or firms whose assets were too small to meet future investment costs. In the first year of business of this concern the number of employees was around 500 and in 1976 it had risen to almost 1,750. The new areas included the manufacture of agricultural and forest machinery and snowmobiles and three breweries. By 1980, however, the number of employees had decreased to about 1,100. During the following ten-year period the downswing was broken and employment increased to some 1,300 by 1990. The downswing was mainly due to rationalizations, profitability problems and the sale of Pi's agricultural machinery division. The 1980's upturn was mainly due to new acquisitions within the chipboard industry and the purchase of a large Volvo dealership in Norway. With the sale of the breweries in 1989 the sphere of business was thus nearly the same as in 1968. In a structural-analytic context the concern's acquisitions 1968-1976 were not successful. Rationalization was already far advanced in several of the firms when the takeovers took place, and their operations were centered in stagnating and/or shrinking markets. Using Erik Dahmén's terminology, it was a matter of companies whose production was on the negative side of the developmental fence. The concern's manu­facture of chipboard, however, had great success. A central role in that development can be ascribed to low capital costs. Profits from the car dealerships, regional development grants and the acquisition of chipboard firms explain the low cost. Sven Persson's entrepreneurial talent was to discover opportunities offered by the market at an early stage and to capitalize them, as in the case of the car dealership and the chipboard manufacturing. Other charac­teristic traits was to make decisions based on informal conversations, intuition and personal evaluation, instead of formal decision-making, economic analyses and market research. / digitalisering@umu

Submitted by Gerrit Held (gerritheld@me.com) on 2017-11-29T03:54:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 The Dawn of Solar Power in Brazil.pdf: 6168135 bytes, checksum: f832deefb0950358517623c754c599c5 (MD5) / Rejected by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br), reason: Dear Gerrit, Please, see some observations to correct in your TCC: Page 2: in Knowledge Field, must to be your advisor field: ECONOMIA E FINANÇAS INTERNACIONAIS; Page 3: Withdraw the information below the Ficha Catalográgica, it’s not necessary; Page 4: in Knowledge Field, must to be your advisor field: ECONOMIA E FINANÇAS INTERNACIONAIS, after “Committee members” give a space; Acknowledgements, Abstract, resumo and Table of Contents must to be in capital letters and in the middle of the page. on 2017-11-29T12:32:12Z (GMT) / Submitted by Gerrit Held (gerritheld@me.com) on 2017-11-30T11:56:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 The Dawn of Solar Power in Brazil.pdf: 7053734 bytes, checksum: c05183e2d9216a2ccacb3210b37e52ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br) on 2017-11-30T12:42:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 The Dawn of Solar Power in Brazil.pdf: 7053734 bytes, checksum: c05183e2d9216a2ccacb3210b37e52ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-30T12:57:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 The Dawn of Solar Power in Brazil.pdf: 7053734 bytes, checksum: c05183e2d9216a2ccacb3210b37e52ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-29 / As a sun-soaked South American giant with a population of more than 200 million, Brazil is considered to have some of the best conditions for solar power worldwide. Despite its tremendous potential, the countryhas so far been rather slow indeveloping the national solar power market. After a devastating energy crisis in its draught afflicted hydroelectric sector, the dawn of solar power seems on the horizon.With the goalof diversifying its energy mix, Brazil initiated the large-scale deployment of solar power in 2014. Three years after its commercial commencement,the solar energy drive is stalled and policy efforts seem trivial under deteriorating political and economic conditions. As a comprehensive analysis of the industry’s state of affairsis currently insufficiently portrayed, this paper attempts to fill thisgap by discussing the latest solar market developments and outlining the progress and status of Brazil’s solar energy market objectives. While the findings prove a significant discrepancy betweenthe desired and achieved progress, this paper also finds that there is reason to be optimistic that the solar market growth will be unleashed in the future. As such, the analysis focuses on the critical state of the Brazilian solar market in 2017 and showcases the underlying challenges of transforming an energy sector during a recession. / Como um gigante sul-americano esbanjando sol e com uma população de mais de 200 milhões, o Brasil é considerado como tendo algumas das melhores condições para a energia solar em todo o mundo. Apesar do seu enorme potencial, o país tem sido até o momento lento no desenvolvimento do mercado nacional de energia solar. Após uma devastadora crise energética resultado da seca que atingiu as hidrelétricas, a esperança de energia solar parece distante. Com o objetivo de diversificar seu mix de energia, o Brasil iniciou a implantação em larga escala da energia solar em 2014. Porém, três anos após o início da comercialização, a energia solar está paralisada e esforços para regulamentação se revelam triviais neste contexto deteriorante do cenário político e econômico. Uma vez que análises apropriadas da situação desta indústria é insuficientemente retratada, este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a diminuição desta lacuna, discutindo os últimos avanços do mercado solar e destacando o progresso e status dos objetivos do mercado de energia solar no Brasil. Embora os resultados demonstrem uma discrepância significativa entre o progresso desejado e o progresso alcançado, este artigo também mostra que há espaço para estar otimista de que o mercado de energia se desenvolverá no futuro. Como tal, a análise deste artigo concentra-se no ponto crítico do mercado solar brasileiro em 2017 além de apresentar os desafios subjacentes da transformação do setor de energia durante uma recessão.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-17T13:14:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 amandaprado.pdf: 1154442 bytes, checksum: 66548e1c4e4630c89634a703e351363d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-20T14:27:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 amandaprado.pdf: 1154442 bytes, checksum: 66548e1c4e4630c89634a703e351363d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T14:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amandaprado.pdf: 1154442 bytes, checksum: 66548e1c4e4630c89634a703e351363d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-26 / O presente trabalho é produto da pesquisa realizada no mestrado profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública – CAED/ UFJF, que tem por temática as políticas de Ações Afirmativas, na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), com foco no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica nas Ações Afirmativas/ CNPq (PIBIC-Af), visto que as ações afirmativas voltadas para os cotistas, principalmente de cunho pedagógico e didático, parecem ainda demandar maiores investimentos e novas políticas por parte da instituição. Nesse sentido, nosso trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar como o PIBIC-Af colabora para a inclusão do aluno cotista e, além disso, identificar quais seriam os principais impactos positivos na formação do graduando participante do programa. O trabalho justifica-se devido à importância do sistema de cotas para a correção das desigualdades de acesso e pela necessidade de políticas inclusivas que promovam a qualidade da permanência dos alunos ingressantes do referido sistema de cotas. Nessa dissertação, foi utilizada uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa na qual foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os docentes e discentes que participaram do programa nos editais dos anos de 2015 e 2016, o diretor e a ouvidora de Ações Afirmativas da UFJF. No caminho metodológico, também foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico acerca do tema tratado. Como referencial teórico, destacamos Beraldo e Magrone, Bourdieu e Canaan e Nogueira. O PIBIC-Af, conforme sugere a análise das entrevistas, atua como um importante instrumento didático-pedagógico de inclusão dos alunos que ingressaram por meio de cotas e também como ferramenta importante para o bom desenvolvimento acadêmico dos alunos, melhorando sua motivação, espírito crítico e capacidade investigativa, além de favorecer a assimilação de conteúdos e a construção de conhecimento. Por meio dos achados nesta pesquisa, foi elaborado um Plano de Intervenção Educacional com vistas a sugerir possíveis medidas para ampliação de iniciativas semelhantes a fim de promover o desenvolvimento dos alunos cotistas e estimular uma cultura de diversidade e inclusão. / This paper is the product of research accomplished in the master degree of Management and Evaluation of Public Education – CAED/ UFJF, with its subject matter being the Affirmative Actions politics at Universidade Federal de Juiz de For a (UFJF), focusing on the Institutional Program of Scholarships for Scientific Initiation (Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica nas Ações Afirmativas/ CNPq or PIBIC-Af), since the affirmative actions aimed at quota holders, especially the ones of educational content, seem to demand more investment and new policies by the institution. In this sense, this paper aims at evaluating how PIBIC-Af collaborates for the inclusion of quota holders, as well as identifying the greatest positive impacts during the upbringing of the students who participate in the program. The study is justified given the importance of the quota system for correcting the entrance discrepancies, and by the need of inclusive policies that promote quality in the duration of the courses for those who entered university through this program. In this dissertation a qualitative methodological approach was adopted, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with professors and students who participated in the program from the year 2015 to 2016, with the director and Ombudsman of Affirmative Actions at UFJF. Throughout the method, a bibliographic search on the addressed theme also occurred. As a theoretical reference, we highlight Beraldo and Magrone, Bourdieu and Canaan and Nogueira. The PIBIC-Af, as the interviews analysis suggests, acts firstly as an important educational instrument for the inclusion of students who entered via quota, and secondly as a tool for their academic development, improving their motivation, critical sense and investigative capacity, besides enhancing content assimilation and building knowledge. Through the findings in this research, an Educational Intervention Plan was created in order to suggest possible measures to enlarge similar efforts and promote the growth of the quota holders, as well as to assure a culture of diversity and inclusion.

Dans cette thèse, nous identifions les déterminants de la survie des nouvelles entreprises créées par les jeunes diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur, bénéficiant de prêts bancaires à taux bonifié. Un accent est mis sur l’impact des politiques d’aides publiques. Les données sont issues d’une enquête réalisée en 2013, sous la tutelle de l’Université de Sfax, sur une cohorte de 160 entreprises créées entre le 01/01/2008 et 31/12/2008, soit cinq ans après la création. Le taux de réponse était de 81,25%. Après avoir évoqué la problématique de survie de la petite entreprise nouvellement créée, nous recourons aux modèles de durée, et plus précisément au modèle semi-paramétrique de Cox (1972). L’analyse conduit à mettre en lumière qu’un entrepreneur voit son entreprise plus pérenne, lorsqu’il s’agit d’un homme étudiant qui s’est lancé dans les affaires l’année de l’obtention de son diplôme, ayant un entourage entrepreneurial qui stimule chez lui le goût d’entreprendre et d’indépendance. L’amélioration de la survie découle de la similitude entre l’activité préalable de l’entrepreneur et l’activité de son entreprise, et la détention d’un capital initial de démarrage qui dépasse les 30.000 DT. Les aides octroyées par l’Etat aux nouveaux promoteurs (subvention d’investissement, bourse d’accompagnement, allégement des charges sociales et patronales) ne contribuent pas à diminuer le risque de l’échec entrepreneurial, à l’exception de la prise en charge par l’Etat d’une partie des salaires. Par contre une entreprise bénéficiant d’une formation entrepreneuriale et d’un accompagnement post-création, voit sa probabilité de survie s’accroître. / In this dissertation we identify the determinants of the longevity and the probability of survival of small businesses created by young graduates benefiting from bank loans at enhanced rates. The focus is on the policy impact of public support for the creation of companies. The data are based on a survey conducted in 2013 under the tutelage of the University of Sfax (Tunisia) of a cohort of 160 companies five years after they were first formed. The response rate was 81.25%. After discussing the issue of the survival of newly-established companies and the factors that promote their survival, we use duration models specifically the Cox model (1972). This analysis allows us to shed light on a business is more likely to survive if the entrepreneur is a male who started his business within a year of graduating and comes from an entrepreneurial background, stimulating his entrepreneurial spirit. The improved longevity of small companies ensues from the similarity between the entrepreneur’s previous occupation and the activity of his own company, and from the initial start-up capital if it exceeds 30.000 DT. Aid granted by the State for new promoters (investment subsidy, grant, and reduction in social security contributions) does not help reduce the risk of entrepreneurial failure with the exception of State aid to support a portion of employees’ wages. On the other hand, a company benefiting from entrepreneurial training before creation and from support post-creation sees its probability of survival rise.

Cette thèse a été réalisée en cotutelle Université de Montréal (UdeM) - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB). L'auteur a bénéficié de bourses doctorales provenant du Fonds national de la recherche scientifique (FNRS-Belgique), du Fonds de recherche du Québec-Société culture (FRQSC), et du Centre de recherche Léa-Roback sur les inégalités de santé de Montréal. / Les politiques de soutien au revenu des ménages se déclinent sous formes de mesures variées mises en place dans le cadre du système de protection sociale. Ces politiques influencent considérablement le revenu et les conditions de vie des ménages les plus vulnérables. Elles constituent un levier majeur pour réduire la pauvreté et les inégalités de revenu entre ménages. De ce fait, elles contribuent à améliorer la santé des populations et à réduire les inégalités sociales de santé (ISS) dès la naissance. L’évaluation de l’impact des politiques sociales sur les ISS dans différents contextes constitue une tâche complexe, du fait notamment de la difficulté, voire l’impossibilité, de mettre en place des études randomisées à grande échelle. Les variations des politiques sociales selon les pays constituent des opportunités pour mener des études comparatives sur base d’expériences naturelles. En partant d’un constat sur les limites des études comparatives habituelles, nous avons proposé une démarche de recherche visant à mieux étudier les spécificités des contextes afin d’expliquer les mécanismes par lesquels la combinaison des politiques de soutien au revenu influence la pauvreté des ménages et contribue aux ISS à la naissance à Bruxelles et à Montréal. Ce protocole de recherche a fait l’objet d’un 1er article. Le cœur de la thèse comprend trois parties. La première partie porte sur la comparaison des politiques d’aide sociale et d’allocations familiales en Belgique et au Québec et analyse les impacts sur l’intensité de la pauvreté des ménages à l’aide sociale dans les deux contextes. L’analyse se base sur la méthode des familles-types. Cette méthode consiste à calculer et comparer le revenu disponible de différents types de ménages. L’intensité de la pauvreté des ménages a été estimée selon le nombre d’enfants et la situation de couple. Pour chaque type de ménage, elle correspond à la différence relative entre le revenu disponible du ménage et le seuil de pauvreté relative. Les résultats montrent une intensité de la pauvreté plus marquée au Québec qu’en Belgique. Dans chaque contexte, on constate également que l’intensité de la pauvreté des ménages varie considérablement selon le nombre d’enfants et la situation de couple. Ce travail a fait l’objet d’un 2ème article. La deuxième partie porte sur la description des inégalités de santé à la naissance à Bruxelles et à Montréal. Les hypothèses de travail découlent des résultats obtenus à l’étape précédente. Deux études de cas ont été réalisées et analysées dans une perspective comparative. Les bases de données utilisées proviennent du couplage de données administratives issues des registres de naissance et des données de sécurité sociale. Les résultats ont donné lieu aux 3ème et 4ème articles. Le 3ème article concerne la population générale. Dans chaque région, des modèles de régression logistique ont été élaborés afin d’étudier l’association entre les issues défavorables de la grossesse (faible poids à la naissance, prématurité) et le statut socioéconomique (éducation de la mère et revenu). L’ampleur des inégalités de santé est plus marquée à Montréal qu’à Bruxelles et celles-ci diffèrent également selon l’origine de la mère. Le 4ème article porte spécifiquement sur la population bénéficiaire de l’aide sociale. Il compare l’association entre le faible poids à la naissance et la composition de ménage dans chaque région. On constate que les inégalités face au FPN varient selon le nombre d’enfants et la situation de couple entre les deux contextes, dans le même sens que les différences observées au niveau de la pauvreté. La troisième partie explore davantage les différences constatées à l'étape précédente selon l’immigration. Dans chaque région, elle compare l’impact du SES sur la santé périnatale chez différents groupes d’immigrés et les chez les mères nées en Belgique ou au Canada. Les résultats ont donné lieu aux 5ème et 6ème article de la thèse. L’analyse souligne l’importance de tenir compte des enjeux liés à l’immigration pour mieux expliquer la contribution des politiques de soutien au revenu aux ISS à la naissance. Cette thèse constitue une contribution unique. Dans deux régions où les taux de pauvreté et les prévalences des issues de la grossesse sont comparables dans la population générale, on constate des différences notables quant aux inégalités de santé à la naissance. Les politiques de soutien au revenu dans les deux contextes contribuent à expliquer ces différences. L’analyse démontre la nécessité de remédier aux insuffisances de ces politiques dans les deux contextes. Finalement, elle souligne les défis de la réduction de la pauvreté. Ces défis touchent à différents domaines, notamment la conciliation travail-famille, le marché du travail, l’immigration et les inégalités économiques. Mots-clés : Pauvreté, Inégalités sociales de santé, Politiques sociales, Etat-Providence, Evaluation d’impact en santé, Expériences naturelles, Inégalités de revenu, Faible poids à la naissance, Santé périnatale, Politiques de soutien au revenu. / Income support policies significantly influence the income and living conditions of the most vulnerable households. They constitute a major lever for reducing poverty and income inequalities between households. As a result, they contribute to improving the health of populations and reducing social inequalities in health (SIH) starting from birth. Assessing the impact of social policies on SIH in different contexts is a complex task, due in particular to the difficulty, if not impossibility, of setting up large-scale randomised studies. Varying social policies in different countries provide opportunities for comparative studies on the issue, based on natural experiments. Starting from an observation on the limitations of the usual comparative studies, we have proposed a research approach aiming to better study the specificities of contexts, which would allow us to explain the mechanisms by which the combination of income support policies influences household poverty and contributes to SIH at birth in Brussels and Montreal. This research protocol was the subject of a first article. This core of this thesis consists of three parts. The first deals with the comparison of welfare and family allowance policies in Belgium and Quebec and analyses their impact on the intensity of poverty of welfare households in both contexts. The analysis is based on the model family method, which consists of calculating and comparing the disposable income of different types of households. The intensity of household poverty was estimated according to the number of children and marital status. For each household type, the intensity of poverty corresponds to the relative difference between the household's disposable income and the relative poverty threshold. The results show a higher intensity of poverty in Quebec than in Belgium. It is also found that, in each context, the intensity of household poverty varies considerably depending on the number of children and marital status. This work was the subject of a second article. The second part of this thesis focuses on the description of health inequalities at birth in Brussels and Montreal. The working hypotheses are derived from the results obtained in the previous stage. Two case studies were carried out and analysed in a comparative perspective. The databases used come from a combination of administrative data from birth records and social security data. The results led to the third and fourth articles. The third article concerns itself with the general population. Logistic regression models were developed for each region to study the association between adverse pregnancy outcomes (low birth weight, prematurity) and socioeconomic status (mother's education and income levels). The magnitude of health inequalities is greater in Montreal than in Brussels and also differs according to the mother's origin. The fourth article focuses specifically on welfare recipients. It compares the association between low birth weight and household composition in each region. We can see that inequalities in LBW vary according to the number of children and marital status in both contexts, much like the differences observed in terms of poverty. The third part further explores the differences observed in the previous stage according to immigration. It compares the impact of SES on perinatal health among different immigrant groups and among mothers born in Belgium or Canada. The results led to the fifth and sixth papers of the thesis. The analysis underlines the importance of taking the specific issues linked to immigration into account to better explain the role that income support policies play in SIH at birth. This thesis is a unique contribution. There are notable differences in health inequalities at birth between two regions with similar poverty rates and levels of prevalence of unfavourable pregnancy outcomes among the general population. The impact of income support policies in Belgium and Quebec on the intensity of household poverty helps explain these differences. Our analysis demonstrates the need for public policies that address the inadequacy of the current income support measures in both regions. Lastly, it emphasises that the causes of poverty are interdependent and touch on various issues, including work-family balance, job insecurity, immigration and economic inequalities. Keywords: Poverty, Social inequalities in health, Social policies, Welfare state, Health impact assessment, Natural experiments, Income inequalities, Low birth weight, Perinatal health, Income support policies.