Denna studie är genomförd i Argentina, ”fotbollens land”. Den handlar om en grupp människor som möts en till två gånger per år i vad man kallar Maradonakyrkan för att helga Diego Armando Maradona. Studien genomfördes i form av fältstudier på plats i Argentina med metoder som intervjuer och deltagande observationer. Maradonakyrkan är ett så pass nytt fenomen att inga akademiska texter funnits att tillgå. Begrepp som tas upp och diskuteras är bland andra fanatism och idoldyrkan. En av frågorna som ställs är om Maradonakyrkan kan ses som en religion. Med hjälp av Magnus Engstrands teorier så är resultatet: ja det kan den. Uppsatsen har bidragit till att skänka ljus åt en annars nästan helt okänd religion. Förhoppningen är att den kan leda till att fler undersökningar görs kring förhållandet religion och sport i allmänhet och om Maradonakyrkan i synnerhet.

Min ambition med den här uppsatsen är att påvisa att fotboll kan ha samma effekt och samma funktion som kyrkan, när det gäller att bearbeta sorg. Jag har även som syfte att framhålla likheter gemensamma nämnare och samarbete mellan fotboll och religion. Jag tycker att jag har fått svar på min fråga: Om fotboll och religion kan fylla samma funktioner? Mitt svar är helt klart ja. Allt från att man hänger sig till någon gud/spelare till att dra nytta av kyrkan/fotbollen vid ett sorgearbete, för att bearbeta känslor. Även när man jämför kyrkans funktion när det gäller sorgearbete med det jag har fått fram, så ser jag ingen större skillnad. Men jag ska betona att sorgarbetet under fotbollens försyn inte passar alla, men det gör inte kyrkan heller, vill jag påstå. Även avarterna av församlingar finns i båda lägren. Sekter på kyrkans sida och firmor på supporterklubbarnas sida är kyrkan och idrottens negativa inslag. Fotbollen berör en väldigt stor massa, där de kan få utlopp för sina känslor och där man kan få bearbeta sina känslor också. Jag har kommit fram till att fotboll kan fungera lika bra som en religion oavsett vad en människa söker. Men att en kombination eller att man utövar både en religion och är hängiven fotboll är inget hinder. Snarare tvärtom, skulle jag utrycka det. Avslutningsvis vill jag konstatera att i fotboll och religion finns det tro, hopp och kärlek, ingen har mer och ingen har mindre.

Text in English with questionnaire in Amharic / Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the tuberculosis directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) strategy with respect to patient centeredness and satisfaction, and propose a model in support of the DOTS strategy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: The study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia using a mixed-method approach. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from 601 randomly selected TB patients who were on TB treatment followup in 30 health facilities.Three focus group discussions were conducted with 23 TB experts purposefully selected from 10 sub-city health offices and health bureau. Moreover, telephonic interviews were conducted with 25 defaulted TB patients who had been attending TB treatment in the health facilities. The quantitative data were described using mean, median, percentage and frequencies. Logistic regression and exploratory factor analysis were used to extract associated factors using SPSS version 21 software. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data analysis. Deductive and inductive reasoning was used to propose a descriptive model with substantiating literatures. Findings: Of the 601 TB patients included, 40% of them perceived they had not received a patient-centred TB care (PC-TB care) with DOTS strategy. Gender (AOR=0.45, 95%CI 0.3, 0.7), good communication (AOR=3.2, 95%CI 1.6, 6.1), treatment supporter (AOR=3.4, 95%CI 2.1, 5.5) were associated with the perceived PC-TB care. Thirty-seven percent of TB patients were following their TB treatment with feeling of dissatisfaction with DOTS strategy. Gender (AOR=2.2; 95%CI 1.3, 3.57), place of residence (AOR=3.4; 95%CI 1.6, 7.6), presence of symptoms (AOR=0.6, 95%CI 0.40, 0.94) and treatment-supporter (AOR=4.3, 95%CI 2.7, 6.8) were associated with satisfaction of TB patients. TB experts and defaulted TB patients pointed out that DOTS strategy is not providing comprehensive PC-TB care except the provision of facility choice where to follow during initiation of the treatment. DOTS delivery system inflexibility, loose integration, HCPs’ characteristic, communication skill and motivation and the community awareness were explored factor with patient centeredness of DOTS. DOTS delivery system, incompatible of diagnosis and patient beliefs were the identified categories to default. The proposed PC-TB care model core constructs are patient, community, health care providers, health care organisation and TB care delivery system. The core constructs are directed by policy and monitoring and evaluation components. Conclusion: DOTS strategy is limited to provide fully integrated PC-TB care and did not provide full satisfaction to TB patients. Therefore, a support that makes the TB care patient-centred are important and the proposed PC-TB care model needs to be tested, practiced and evaluated for its performance toward increments of patient centeredness of TB care. / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

This research concentrates on the development of an intervention model for the sexually abused latency aged child. The focus is on short term, structured individual therapy. The importance of this model is linked to the underlying theoretical basis that it provides as well as the guidelines suggested for therapy. Intervention research was used as research methodology. This methodology implies a combined quantitative and qualitative approach. The first part (Chapters 2, 3&4) addresses the problem analysis and information gathering linked to the development of a theoretical basis for the intervention model. The latency years as developmental stage is discussed and suggestions are made as to which this information can be used during the planning and conducting of intervention. The reasons for the child’s vulnerability to become a sexual abuse victim are explained. The different forms of sexual abuse are indicated and it is argued that one child can be abused by another. The social environments where sexual abuse might occur are described as well as the possible consequences that sexual abuse holds for the victim. The second part of this research (Chapters 5&6) is related to the design of the intervention model, the conducting of a pilot test and the refining of the intervention. The key elements of abused focused therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy and movement therapy is outlined. These approaches serve as theoretical background for the formulation of the principles of the intervention model. The areas of focus during intervention are described. In Chapter 7 an outline of the intervention program is described. This programme can be viewed as a practical application of the intervention model. A detailed description of every therapy session is provided. The intervention program was tested on three children from the Jakaranda Children’s Home in Pretoria. Chapter 8 indicates the results of the empirical research as well as the interpretation thereof. The focus of this chapter is on the results as referring to the changes in the respondent’s experience of compliance, relationships, security and anxiety. The research results clearly shows that the three respondents were helped by the intervention and that they were no longer overwhelmed by their experience of the sexual abuse. The study is concluded in Chapter 8 with some remarks in summary and proposals for further research. / Thesis (DPhil (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted