Currently our society is heading towards the walls of the funnel; the funnel being a metaphor that describes the growing pressures that is acting on society. In order to move society towards sustainability and away from the walls of the funnel, all areas of our society need to move in that direction. Craft breweries being a part of this society need to move, as well. This research uses the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) to assess the sustainability challenges and the positive impacts of a craft brewery, as well as viable solutions to overcome the challenges these breweries face. The data was collected through literature, sustainability reports and a survey. Our research revealed five main challenges and four main positive impacts of a craft brewery; these challenges are energy, water, agriculture, packaging and distribution, and alcohol consumption, while the positive impacts are local connection, local economy, social interaction, and cultural identity. Furthermore, a prototype of a tool was developed to help craft breweries to become more sustainable and could help to move society, as a whole, towards sustainability.

Although Indonesia’s electrification ratio reached 99.2% in 2020, it has shown stagnating electrification since 2018. This is because most of the remaining areas that need to be electrified are remote and have unique characteristics that hamper implementation of microgrids for providing energy access. Furthermore, not only the deployment but also the long-term sustainability of microgrids is crucial for ensuring continuity of energy access. This paper aims to investigate the scaling and sustainability challenges of remote microgrid development in Indonesia by analyzing microgrids in the Maluku and North Maluku provinces. This study is a two-part publication; the first part focuses on identifying challenges in Indonesia’s remote microgrid development, while the second part focuses on potential technology solutions. In the first part, an assessment of energy access within a multi-tier framework was conducted, which was then analyzed using a multi-dimensional (institutional, social, technical, economic, environmental, and policy) approach adapted from the literature. The framework was expanded by mapping the challenges onto specific phases of the microgrid development, which is intended to be helpful for the parties involved in specific phases. It is shown that the challenges related to unclear land status, lack of social engagement, preliminary survey, technical and practical knowledge, and O&M procedures—especially for remote microgrids with renewable energy sources—are the most prominent issues. Additionally, issues caused by electrical events and environmental conditions such as relatively humid and high-temperatures, and uncontrolled vegetation, rodents, insects, and lizards are often found. Furthermore, a high-level technological outlook to address some of these issues is presented.

Today, companies' sustainability work is considered business-critical, and more demands are arising within the area. The requirements are based on environmental factors, where the declining biodiversity and scarce resources make it crucial for companies to find new solutions for both resource efficiency and products. Currently, customers and consumers are putting most pressure on companies, but policies, laws and instruments are also starting to tighten. One industry that is facing major changes and challenges is the food industry, where vegan alternatives are emerging that outcompete the traditional companies. The report examines how food companies in meat and dairy production meet society's sustainability challenges. It studies the companies' sustainability work, what strengths and weaknesses they have, and what their opportunities are considering a long-term survival. In the report, three different categories have been identified, with different attributes and driving forces, to provide guidelines for firms in their future sustainability work. The study shows that many of the traditional companies are not always aware about the vitality of working with a long-term perspective when it comes to sustainability; Thus, missing opportunities to strengthen their competitiveness as well as possible revenue streams and hence miss their chances for long-term survival. Due to the lack of a system perspective and open innovation, companies are working reactively towards the market instead of actively trying to influence it. By working proactively in line with research and daring to work more with open innovation and collaborations, companies instead have an opportunity to steer the market in a favourable direction for both society and for themselves. This way they can also increase the probability of capturing the opportunities that arise and taking advantage of the revenue-generating cascades that are made possible through various collaborations throughout the value chain and outside of it. However, this is based on the companies understanding their role also in systems outside their own value chain, how the environment is affecting them but also how the firms affect the environment themselves. Those firms who have begun to understand the importance of working long-term with sustainability, and thus created more incentives than just financial ones, do not risk prioritize short-term financial gain over their sustainability work. This is believed to benefit the company’s likelihood of dealing with sustainability challenges, since it makes them more self-sufficient, thus increasing their chance to survival long term on the upcoming market. / Idag är företagens hållbarhetsarbete affärskritiskt, och det växer fram allt fler krav och utmaningar från omvärlden som företagen behöver förhålla sig till. Kraven grundar sig ofta i miljömässiga faktorer, där bland annat den minskande biologiska mångfalden och sinande resurser gör det avgörande för företagen att hitta nya lösningar på såväl resurseffektivisering som nya anpassade produkter. I dagsläget är det kunder och konsumenter som hörs mest, men sakta börjar även policys, lagar och styrmedel stramas åt. En bransch som står inför stora förändringar och utmaningar är livsmedelsbranschen, där allt fler veganska alternativ växer fram och börjar utkonkurrerar de traditionella företagen. Genom denna rapport undersöks hur livsmedelsföretag inom kött- och mejeriproduktion egentligen står sig mot samhällets hållbarhetsutmaningar. Här undersöks företagens hållbarhetsarbete, vilka styrkor och svagheter som finns, och vilka möjligheter de har för sin långsiktiga överlevnad.  I rapporten har tre olika kategorier identifierats, med olika attribut och drivkrafter, för att kunna ge riktlinjer för företagen i deras framtida hållbarhetsarbete. Undersökningen visar att många av de traditionella företagen är omedvetna om hur vitalt det är för dem att arbeta långsiktigt med hållbarhet och få det att genomsyra företaget. Därmed missar företagen även sina möjligheter till stärkt konkurrenskraft och nya intäktsströmmar, vilket i slutändan innebär att de också missar sina chanser till långsiktig överlevnad. På grund av ett bristande systemperspektiv och öppen innovation, arbetar företagen även reaktivt mot marknaden istället för att själva aktivt försöka påverka den. Genom att arbeta proaktivt i linje med forskning, samt våga arbeta mer med öppen innovation och samarbeten, har företagen istället en möjlighet att på god grund styra marknaden i en gynnsam riktning för såväl samhället som för sig själva. Därigenom kan de också öka sannolikheten att lyckas fånga de möjligheter som uppstår och ta vara på de intäktsskapande kaskader som möjliggörs genom olika samarbeten över hela värdekedjan och utanför. Detta bygger dock på att företagen förstår sin roll även i system utanför sin egen värdekedja, hur omvärlden påverkar dem som företag samt hur de själva påverkar omvärlden. De företag som börjat förstå vikten av att arbeta långsiktigt med sitt hållbarhetsarbete, och därmed skapat fler incitament än endast ekonomiska, riskerar inte att bortprioritera hållbarhetsarbetet för kortsiktig ekonomisk vinning. Fler incitament gör även företagen mer självgående, vilket tros öka deras sannolikhet att hantera hållbarhetsutmaningarna och därmed överleva långsiktigt på den kommande marknaden.

This research, has relevance in the wake of dwindling aid channelled to the third world rural poor. This study has explored ways of breaking away from benevolence and economism. The research explores four objectives that are focussed on scanning the boundary, in terms of challenges and possible solutions. This provides some in-depth understanding of challenges that face the process of establishing self-sustaining institutions of development. In the last two objectives, the research explores some programming alternatives that would enhance the establishment of democratic and participatory organisations that maximise social capital and grassroots democratisation. A list of guidelines specific to institutions has been drawn. The results of the survey reveal that sustainability cannot be predicted due to the uncertainties and ambiguities associated with project success. The hypothesis that participation and grassroots democratisation facilitates project success has been validated and there was greater project success in participatory organisations, given the baseline context. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

This research, has relevance in the wake of dwindling aid channelled to the third world rural poor. This study has explored ways of breaking away from benevolence and economism. The research explores four objectives that are focussed on scanning the boundary, in terms of challenges and possible solutions. This provides some in-depth understanding of challenges that face the process of establishing self-sustaining institutions of development. In the last two objectives, the research explores some programming alternatives that would enhance the establishment of democratic and participatory organisations that maximise social capital and grassroots democratisation. A list of guidelines specific to institutions has been drawn. The results of the survey reveal that sustainability cannot be predicted due to the uncertainties and ambiguities associated with project success. The hypothesis that participation and grassroots democratisation facilitates project success has been validated and there was greater project success in participatory organisations, given the baseline context. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)