This thesis presents a comparison of conventional agriculture and Ecological Recycling Agriculture (ERA) in terms of their environmental and socio-economic effects. Environmental effects include greenhouse gas emissions and energy use but the focus is on leakage of nutrients. Socio-economic effects include production, costs and benefits at macro, firm and household levels. The comparison is made at regional (Baltic Sea), national (Swedish) and local (Järna community/Södertälje municipality) levels. At regional level the main challenge is to transform agricultural production in an environmentally friendly direction and reduce nutrient loads while sustaining food production. At national level the challenges are to shift the product mix towards more vegetables and less meat, and to address the geographical division of animal and crop production. At local level the challenge is to achieve sustainable rural development in environmental, economic and social terms. Results: at regional level the empirical findings were scaled up to calculate three scenarios. A scenario where the agriculture sectors of Poland and the Baltic States transform in such a way that their structure and use of resources resembles the Swedish average resulted in a 58% increase of nitrogen and an 18% increase in phosphorus surplus from agriculture and increased food production. Two other scenarios where agriculture in the entire Baltic Sea area converts to ERA resulted in reductions of 47-61% in nitrogen surplus from agriculture and eliminated the phosphorus surplus. In these scenarios food production decreased or remained stable depending on the strategy chosen. At national level, the environmental effects of different production methods, transport and different food baskets were compared. A household survey was performed to construct an alternative food profile. This food basket was high in vegetables, low in meat and high in locally produced organic food compared to the average Swedish food profile. It was also 24% more expensive. Food basket content was found to be as important as production methods in reducing the environmental effects. Localized production and processing was less important. At local level, a network of entrepreneurs engaged in the production, processing and distribution of organic food was studied. Semi-structured interviews were used to assess the network, which was found to be a resilient self-organized network characterized by economic stability and social capital. A high share of locally produced and consumed food was coupled with social and economic sustainability. This was facilitated by well-functioning cooperation within the network and between entrepreneurs, consumers and the municipality. EU expansion can be seen as a window of opportunity for governance of the Baltic Sea and the agriculture sector. A new agricultural regime with large-scale ERA production would result in several environmental gains. Sustainable governance of the Baltic Sea as agreed on in HELCOM cannot be achieved while simultaneously maximizing agricultural production in the surrounding countries. Agricultural production bears large external costs. There is substantial willingness to pay for an improved Baltic Sea environment among the public: this justifies environmentally sound farming practices. The contracting parties of HELCOM, including the Swedish government, have both environmental and economic incentives to use this window of opportunity before it closes. This thesis is the result of a collaboration between Mälardalen University and Stockholm Resilience Centre at Stockholm University. Both universities contributed with supervision and financial support at different stages of the research process. / I den här avhandlingen jämförs konventionellt jordbruk med ekologiskt kretsloppsjordbruk. Jämförelsen görs med avseende på miljöeffekter och socio-ekonomisk påverkan. Av miljöeffekterna är fokus på läckage av växtnäring men utsläpp av växthusgaser samt energianvändning studeras också. Till de socio-ekonomiska effekterna räknas effekter på produktionsvolym samt kostnader och nyttor på såväl samhälls- som företags- och hushållsnivå. Jämförelsen görs på regional (Östersjöområdet), nationell (Sverige) och lokal (Järna/Södertälje kommun) nivå. På regional nivå är den stora utmaningen att omvandla jordbruksproduktionen i miljövänlig riktning och att minska närsaltsbelastningen samtidigt som produktionen hålls uppe. På nationell nivå är en utmaning att ändra produktionssammansättningen mot mer grönsaker och mindre kött samt att minska den geografiska uppdelningen av djurhållning och spannmål. På lokal nivå är utmaningen att uppnå en hållbar landsbygdsutveckling ur miljömässigt såväl som ekonomiskt och socialt perspektiv. Resultat: på regional nivå beräknas miljöpåverkan och påverkan på livsmedelsproduktion i tre olika scenarier. Enligt ett scenario omvandlar Polen och de baltiska staterna sina jordbrukssektorer efter samma struktur och resursanvändning som ett genomsnittligt svenskt jordbruk. Det resulterar i att överskottet av kväve och fosfor i jordbruket ökar med 58% respektive 18% samtidigt som livsmedelsproduktionen ökar. Två andra scenarier där jordbruket i hela Östersjöregionen ställer om till ekologiskt kretsloppsjordbruk resulterar i reduktion av kväveöverskottet från jordbruket med 47-61% samt att fosforöverskottet elimineras. I de här scenarierna skulle livsmedelsproduktionen minska eller vara i princip oförändrad beroende på vilken strategi som väljs. På nationell nivå jämförs miljöpåverkan av olika produktionsmetoder, av transporter samt av olika matkassar. En hushållsstudie genomfördes i en grupp miljömedvetna konsumenter för att konstruera en alternativ matkasse. Matkassen innehöll en stor andel grönsaker, en liten andel kött och mycket lokalt och ekologiskt producerad mat jämfört med en genomsnittlig svensk matkasse. Den var även 24% dyrare i inköp. Det visade sig att miljöbelastningen påverkades väl så mycket av matkassens innehåll som av produktionsmetod. Lokal produktion och förädling var inte lika betydelsefullt. På lokal nivå studerades ett nätverk av entreprenörer engagerade i produktion, förädling och distribution av ekologiska livsmedel. Semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att studera nätverket. Ett resilient, självorganiserande nätverk karaktäriserat av ekonomisk stabilitet och socialt kapital observerades. En hög andel av lokalt producerad och konsumerad mat samt ett väl fungerande samarbete i nätverket av entreprenörer och mellan entreprenörer, konsumenter och kommunen bidrog till ekonomisk hållbarhet. EU:s utvidgning innebär en möjlighet till förändrad förvaltning av Östersjön och jordbrukssektorn. En omställning i stor skala till ekologiskt kretsloppsjordbruk skulle leda till miljöförbättringar. En hållbar förvaltning av Östersjön, något som överenskommits inom ramen för HELCOM, kan inte uppnås samtidigt som jordbruksproduktionen maximeras i länderna runt Östersjön. Jordbruket orsakar betydande externa kostnader. Betalningsviljan för en förbättrad Östersjömiljö är stor vilket motiverar investeringar i ett miljövänligare, hållbart jordbruk. Medlemmarna i HELCOM, däribland Sveriges regering, har såväl ekonomiska som miljömässiga incitament att utnyttja möjligheten som Polens och de baltiska staternas EU-inträde innebär. Den här avhandlingen är ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Mälardalens högskola och Stockholm Resilience Centre vid Stockholms universitet. Båda lärosätena bidrog med handledning och finansiering under avhandlingsprojeket.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24299号 / 農博第2528号 / 新制||農||1095(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R4||N5422(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科生物資源経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 秋津 元輝, 教授 辻村 英之, 教授 久野 秀二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

This thesis compares conventional agriculture and Ecological Recycling Agriculture (ERA) in terms of their environmental and socio-economic effects. Environmental effects include greenhouse gas emissions and energy use, but this analysis focuses on nutrient losses. Socio-economic effects include production, costs and benefits at macro, firm and household level. Comparisons were made at regional (Baltic Sea), national (Swedish) and local (community/municipality) level. At regional level, the main challenge is to make agriculture more environmentally friendly and reduce nutrient losses, while maintaining food production. At national level, the challenges are to shift the product mix towards more vegetables and less meat and to address the geographical division between animal and crop production. At local level, the challenge is to achieve sustainable environmental, economic and social rural development. At regional level, the empirical findings were scaled up to create three scenarios. In one scenario, agriculture in Poland and the Baltic States was transformed to resemble the Swedish average structure and resource use, which gave increased nitrogen and phosphorus surplus and substantially increased food production. Two other scenarios in which agriculture in the entire Baltic Sea area converted to ERA gave reductions in nitrogen surplus and eliminated the phosphorus surplus, while food production decreased or remained stable, depending on the strategy chosen. At national level, the environmental effects of different production methods, transport and different food baskets were compared. A household survey was performed to construct an alternative food basket, which was high in vegetables, low in meat and high in locally produced organic food compared with the average Swedish food profile. It was also 24% more expensive. Food basket content was found to be as important as production method in reducing environmental effects. Local production and processing was less important. At local level, an importer and wholesaler of organic fruit and vegetables and a group of environmentally concerned consumers were studied. The business was found to be resilient, i.e. well-suited to adapt to turbulence, and with a history of being innovative. / I den här avhandlingen jämförs konventionellt jordbruk med ekologiskt kretsloppsjordbruk. Jämförelsen görs med avseende på miljöeffekter och socio-ekonomisk påverkan. Av miljöeffekterna är fokus på läckage av växtnäring men utsläpp av växthusgaser samt energianvändning studeras också. Till de socio-ekonomiska effekterna räknas effekter på produktionsvolym samt kostnader och nyttor på såväl samhälls- som företags- och hushållsnivå. Jämförelsen görs på regional (Östersjöområdet), nationell (Sverige) och lokal (Järna/Södertälje kommun) nivå. På regional nivå är den stora utmaningen att omvandla jordbruksproduktionen i miljövänlig riktning och att minska närsaltsbelastningen samtidigt som produktionen hålls uppe. På nationell nivå är en utmaning att ändra produktionssammansättningen mot mer vegetabilier och mindre kött samt att minska den geografiska uppdelningen av djurhållning och spannmål. På lokal nivå är utmaningen att uppnå en hållbar landsbygdsutveckling ur miljömässigt såväl som ekonomiskt och socialt perspektiv. Resultat: på regional nivå beräknas miljöpåverkan och påverkan på livsmedelsproduktion i tre olika scenarier. Enligt ett scenario omvandlar Polen och de baltiska staterna sina jordbrukssektorer efter samma struktur och resursanvändning som ett genomsnittligt svenskt jordbruk. Det resulterar i att överskottet av kväve och fosfor i jordbruket ökar med 58% respektive 18% samtidigt som livsmedelsproduktionen ökar betydligt. Två andra scenarier där jordbruket i hela Östersjöregionen ställer om till ekologiskt kretsloppsjordbruk resulterar i reduktion av kväveöverskottet från jordbruket med 47-61% samt att fosforöverskottet elimineras. I de här scenarierna skulle livsmedelsproduktionen minska eller vara i princip oförändrad beroende på vilken strategi som väljs. På nationell nivå jämförs miljöpåverkan av olika produktionsmetoder, av transporter samt av olika matkassar. En hushållsstudie genomfördes i en grupp miljömedvetna konsumenter för att konstruera en alternativ matkasse. Matkassen innehöll en stor andel grönsaker, en liten andel kött och mycket lokalt och ekologiskt producerad mat jämfört med en genomsnittlig svensk matkasse. Den var även 24% dyrare i inköp. Det visade sig att miljöbelastningen påverkades väl så mycket av matkassens innehåll som av produktionsmetod. Lokal produktion och förädling var inte lika betydelsefullt. På lokal nivå studerades en grossist och importör av ekologiska frukter och grönsaker samt en grupp av miljöengagerade konsumenter (hushållsstudien ovan). Semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att studera företaget, som visade sig vara resilient, det vill säga väl förberett för att klara turbulens på marknaden. Företaget karaktäriserades av ekonomisk stabilitet och en tradition av att vara innovativt. Ett exempel är Ekolådan, den första helt ekologisk hemleveransen av frukt och grönsaker i Stockholmsområdet. I den studerade regionen (Södertälje kommun) är efterfrågan på ekologiska livsmedel – från såväl hushåll och företag och andra organisationer som kommunen själv – hög jämfört med övriga Sverige. EU:s utvidgning innebär en möjlighet till förändrad förvaltning av Östersjön och jordbrukssektorn. En omställning i stor skala till ekologiskt kretsloppsjordbruk skulle leda till miljöförbättringar. En hållbar förvaltning av Östersjön, något som överenskommits inom ramen för HELCOM, kan inte uppnås samtidigt som jordbruksproduktionen maximeras i länderna runt Östersjön. Jordbruket orsakar betydande externa kostnader. Betalningsviljan för en förbättrad Östersjömiljö är stor vilket motiverar investeringar i ett miljövänligare, hållbart jordbruk. Medlemmarna i HELCOM, däribland Sveriges regering, har såväl ekonomiska som miljömässiga incitament att utnyttja möjligheten som Polens och de baltiska staternas EU-medlemskap innebär. / <p>QC 20160523</p>

This thesis addresses resilience for the future of Canadian suburbs, through the lens of buildings and food, particularly against the backdrop of peak oil and climate change. Food access is an integral part of how a city sustains itself. There is growing evidence that the current global food system, the one that feeds many cities today, is “broken” or at least at risk. It has, in the past, produced an abundance of food. It has also brought along a number of unintended consequences, has neglected to embed equitable distribution patterns, and when faced with peak oil and climate change, risks some form of collapse. This thesis focuses on the food distribution question. It suggests a new food system model for the City of Mississauga that couples the region's local systems with global networks in a set of local/global relationships. The research portion of this work provides an overview of the dynamic historical and present relationship between food and city infrastructure, touches on the issues facing suburban resiliency today, and investigates the challenges facing the food retail industry. It then draws lessons from large-scale typologies of urban agriculture being proposed in recent years by architects and urban designers. This work, specifically at the design stage, identifies the suburban supermarket as a local catalyst for transformation. Today, the City of Mississauga is not food secure – that is, it does not rely on a safe, adequate, sustainable, or appropriate food supply. This thesis investigates how local and sustainable food systems can be integrated into the urban fabric and systems sustaining suburbs today. It further seeks to build on existing conditions, and answer how the suburban big-box typology, preferred by retailers, can contribute to food security.

This thesis addresses resilience for the future of Canadian suburbs, through the lens of buildings and food, particularly against the backdrop of peak oil and climate change. Food access is an integral part of how a city sustains itself. There is growing evidence that the current global food system, the one that feeds many cities today, is “broken” or at least at risk. It has, in the past, produced an abundance of food. It has also brought along a number of unintended consequences, has neglected to embed equitable distribution patterns, and when faced with peak oil and climate change, risks some form of collapse. This thesis focuses on the food distribution question. It suggests a new food system model for the City of Mississauga that couples the region's local systems with global networks in a set of local/global relationships. The research portion of this work provides an overview of the dynamic historical and present relationship between food and city infrastructure, touches on the issues facing suburban resiliency today, and investigates the challenges facing the food retail industry. It then draws lessons from large-scale typologies of urban agriculture being proposed in recent years by architects and urban designers. This work, specifically at the design stage, identifies the suburban supermarket as a local catalyst for transformation. Today, the City of Mississauga is not food secure – that is, it does not rely on a safe, adequate, sustainable, or appropriate food supply. This thesis investigates how local and sustainable food systems can be integrated into the urban fabric and systems sustaining suburbs today. It further seeks to build on existing conditions, and answer how the suburban big-box typology, preferred by retailers, can contribute to food security.

Alternative food systems (AFS) projects are designed to address issues of environmental justice, food security and insecurity, community health disparities between the affluent and the poor, and access to healthful foods in distressed urban areas. Past research has questioned the efficacy and long-term viability of such interventions, particularly in distressed primarily Black urban areas. The purpose of this intrinsic case study (ICS) was to understand the ways in which local governmental entities collaborated with each other and with nongovernmental partners to help develop an AFS in South Florida through the creation of a market garden called the PATCH. Critical race theory was the framework for addressing the challenges associated with community health, empowerment, and socioeconomic issues pertaining to AFS. A critical case sampling strategy was employed in order to study the selected site. Transcribed data from interviews with 6 key informants, observational notes, and publicly available document searches were coded using a thematic posteriori strategy and analyzed diagrammatically. Results revealed 4 primary drivers for the effective creation of AFS including collaboration and partnerships, community empowerment, community involvement, and the leadership role of government. The concept of transcommunality played an integral role in how these primary drivers could be applied between local governmental and nongovernmental partners. Knowledge gleaned from these results can inform the development of effective community and culturally specific AFS that can help address the disparities that race and socioeconomic status play in providing access to healthful foods in South Florida, thereby creating the basis for positive social change in distressed urban areas.

Food system is complex and encompasses stakeholders from local, regional, and global level. The activities and outcomes of the food system are associated with environmental, economic, and social impacts. Due to the growing population, and urbanization, along with the fact that global food system contributes up to 30% of anthropogenic GHG emission, one of the main contributors to climate change, a sustainable food system that could meet the food demand in the urban areas is in need. Therefore, high-tech urban agriculture (HTUA) that uses advanced technologies and enables food production in a controlled environment is seen as a promising solution, which remains niche in Sweden. This study adopted the sustainable food system approach and used the theory of multi-level perspective (MLP) on sustainability transitions to explore this technology-driven transition and identify the challenges and opportunities in developing HTUA in Sweden. Through the analysis of five Swedish policy documents and interviews with four HTUA initiatives in Stockholm, three main aspects are identified: 1) external context; 2) policy environment; and 3) communication and influence, which are independent but also interconnected. According to the findings, the global environment and Swedish context, such as climatic condition and Swedish consumption, provide HTUA an opportunity to develop. The findings also suggest that though the characteristics of HTUA initiatives and the priorities within the Swedish policy environment have overlapping traits, the policies are not effectively translated into practice and thus making it challengeable to develop HTUA in the long run. Implementing more strict restrictions and regulations on the external price, providing an easier access to urban space, simplifying the procedure for the financial support, raising public awareness towards HTUA, and bridging the knowledge gap among all stakeholders through collaborations and partnerships are suggested to reduce the risk of initiating HTUA. However, further research is still required to understand the potential of HTUA in the transformation towards a sustainable food system.

The urgent action needed to achieve the goals within the Paris Agreement and restrict the increase of global warming to 1,5 degrees calls for adaptation across the whole of society. One way to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is to enable a transition towards a sustainable food system, from meat products to more plant-based products including the consumption of more legumes. Legumes have many positive effects, both for arable land in terms of nitrogen fixation, as well as for people’s health in terms of high bioavailability. However, many plant-based alternatives currently on the market are multi-processed, resulting in low bioavailability and a high use of non-natural additives. The aim of this study is to shed light on what enables and hinders the transition towards a sustainable food system based on a more plant-based diet of Swedish-grown crops, including legumes. Furthermore, the purpose is to explore opportunities and challenges within strategy documents that affect the transition toward more sustainable food production. Two Swedish companies, both selling products labeled From Sweden, were interviewed to increase the understanding of opportunities and challenges for them to thrive in the existing meat-dominated market. The Swedish Board of Agriculture was interviewed to increase the understanding of the policy environment. This was complemented by a content analysis of two policy documents, the Swedish Food Strategy and the EU Farm to Fork Strategy. The analysis of collected data showed that the development of legume-based, From Sweden products depends on both collaboration between actors in the value chain, and educating Swedish consumers. The findings also reveal that retailers play an important role when it comes to affecting the opportunities and challenges for a transition towards more plant-based diets. In light of this, the study concludes that education, retailers and collaboration are the most important factors at play when it comes to opportunities and challenges that enable or hinder the transition towards a more sustainable food system including more high-legume plant-based diets. Often, these factors can be seen as both opportunities and challenges. However, further research is needed to better understand how these factors fit into the wider policy environment, where more key authorities beyond the scope of this study are included.

Le système alimentaire joue un rôle fondamental dans la santé, non seulement de façon directe, par les liens entre l’alimentation et la santé, mais aussi de façon indirecte, puisque la production, la transformation, la distribution et la consommation des aliments ont des effets sur les plans économique, environnemental et social qui, ultimement, influencent la santé. Par conséquent, les liens entre la nourriture et la santé sont depuis longtemps d’intérêt pour la santé publique. Néanmoins, une approche systémique de l’alimentation semble encore en émergence dans la recherche en santé publique. Dans cette thèse, nous intégrons la recherche en santé publique à la recherche sur les systèmes alimentaires pour mieux comprendre la transition vers des systèmes alimentaires basés sur des principes de l’innovation responsable, c’est-à-dire, plus durables et résilients, justes et équitables pour les travailleurs et bénéfiques pour la santé de la population. Afin de mieux comprendre ce phénomène, nous avons analysé la transition dans le contexte d’une économie établie et dans celui d’une économie émergente : la province de Québec (Canada) et l’État de São Paulo (Brésil). Plus spécifiquement, trois objectifs ont été cernés par le devis d’une étude de cas multiple qui combine des données primaires et secondaires. Le premier objectif consistait à caractériser les systèmes alimentaires dans la province de Québec et l’État de São Paulo. Afin d’atteindre ce but, nous avons mené une analyse secondaire de données socio-économiques sur le système alimentaire de ces deux endroits. Cette caractérisation a mis en évidence la manière dont ces systèmes alimentaires sont abordés par les autorités publiques sur leur propre territoire, c.-à-d. une activité économique. Cette perspective purement économique contraste avec une orientation vers le bien commun, nécessaire pour mettre de l’avant le rôle des systèmes alimentaires face aux grands défis sociétaux, comme la sécurité alimentaire et le changement climatique. Le deuxième objectif a permis de clarifier comment les contraintes et les opportunités contextuelles affectent l’émergence de l’innovation responsable dans le système alimentaire. Pour atteindre ce but, nous avons analysé des données issues de 34 entrevues semi-structurées menées dans 30 organisations, soit 15 dans la province de Québec et 15 dans l’État de São Paulo. Les analyses clarifient la façon dont les différentes dimensions contextuelles façonnées par le système alimentaire dominant freinent l’émergence d’organisations et de pratiques responsables. D’autre part, les résultats font ressortir que les dimensions contextuelles peuvent être modifiées de façon délibérée afin de soutenir l’émergence de l’innovation responsable dans le système alimentaire. Le troisième objectif de la thèse comprenait l’analyse des organisations et des pratiques qui soutiennent la transition des systèmes alimentaires. La base de données pour atteindre cet objectif était constitué de 34 entrevues semi-structurés, de notes de terrain et de documents publics. Étant donné que la littérature sur l’innovation responsable dans le système alimentaire est encore en émergence, nous avons élaboré une définition provisoire du concept de l’Innovation responsable dans les systèmes alimentaires (IRSA) pour soutenir l’étude. Les résultats clarifient la façon dont les organisations et les pratiques axées sur l’IRSA transforment la production alimentaire en intégrant des pratiques de production qui visent à avoir un impact social et environnemental positif. Elles transforment la distribution alimentaire par des pratiques de commercialisation transparentes qui rapprochent les producteurs et les consommateurs et par des principes de responsabilité qui modifient la demande aux plans individuel et institutionnel. Enfin, elles contribuent à la transition en résistant aux dynamiques du système alimentaire dominant et en cherchant à aligner les acteurs vers un objectif commun. En conclusion, cette thèse montre que l’intégration entre la recherche sur les systèmes alimentaires et la recherche en santé publique permet de s’attaquer aux causes profondes des enjeux de sécurité alimentaire. L’approche de l’innovation responsable mobilisée dans la thèse peut contribuer à la création d’innovations qui auront le potentiel de promouvoir la transition des systèmes alimentaires. Les connaissances générées dans cette thèse sont susceptibles d’informer la mise en place de politiques publiques et de pratiques à l’interface de la santé publique, des systèmes alimentaires et de la protection de l’environnement. Ce type d’intégration est primordial pour soutenir la consolidation des systèmes alimentaires plus favorables à la santé. / The food system plays a fundamental role in health, not only directly, through the links between food and health, but also indirectly, as the production, processing, distribution, and consumption of food have economic, environmental, and social effects that ultimately affect health. Therefore, the links between food and health have long been of interest to public health. Nevertheless, a systems approach to food seems to be still emerging in public health research. In this thesis, we integrate public health research with food systems research to better understand the transition to food systems based on principles of responsible innovation, i.e., more sustainable, resilient, fair, equitable to workers, and beneficial to population health. In order to better understand this phenomenon, we analyzed the transition in the context of an established economy and an emerging economy: the province of Québec (Canada) and the state of São Paulo (Brazil). More specifically, three objectives were pursued through the design of a multiple case study that combines primary and secondary data. The first objective consisted of characterizing the food systems in the province of Québec and the state of São Paulo. To achieve this goal, we conducted a secondary analysis of socio-economic data on the food system of the province of Québec and the state of São Paulo. The characterization of these two food systems highlighted the way they are approached by public authorities in their own territory: an economic activity. This purely economic perspective contrasts with an orientation towards the common good, which is necessary to put forward the role of food systems in the face of major societal challenges, such as food security and climate change. The second objective clarified how contextual constraints and opportunities affect the emergence of responsible innovation in the food system. To achieve this goal, we analyzed data from 34 semi-structured interviews conducted in 30 organizations, 15 in the province of Québec and 15 in the state of São Paulo. The analyses clarified how different contextual dimensions shaped by the dominant food system hindered the emergence of responsible organizations and practices. On the other hand, the results showed that the contextual dimensions can be deliberately modified to support the emergence of responsible innovation in the food system. The third objective involved the analysis of organizations and practices that support food systems transition. The database consisted of 34 semi-structured interviews, fieldnotes, and public documents. Given that the literature on responsible innovation in food systems is still emerging, we developed a draft definition of the concept of Responsible Innovation in Food Systems (RIFS) to support the study. The findings clarified how RIFS-oriented organizations and practices transformed food production by incorporating production practices that aim to have a positive social and environmental impact. They transformed food distribution through transparent commercialization practices that bring producers and consumers closer together and through responsibility principles that change demand at the individual and institutional levels. Finally, they contributed to the transition by resisting the dynamics of the dominant food system and seeking to align actors toward a common goal. In conclusion, this thesis showed that the integration between food systems research and public health research can contribute to addressing the deep causes of food security issues. The responsible innovation approach mobilized in this thesis can foster the development of innovations that promote food systems transition. Thus, the knowledge generated in this thesis can inform the development of policies and practice at the interface of public health, food systems and environmental protection. This type of integration is critical to support the consolidation of healthier food systems. / O sistema alimentar desempenha um papel fundamental na saúde, não apenas diretamente, através da relação entre os alimentos e a saúde, mas também indiretamente, uma vez que a produção, processamento, distribuição e consumo de alimentos tem efeitos econômicos, ambientais e sociais que, em última instância, influenciam a saúde. Dessa forma, os vínculos entre a alimentação e a saúde são de interesse para a saúde pública há muito tempo. No entanto, uma abordagem sistêmica sobre o papel da alimentação na saúde parece estar ainda em emergência nas pesquisas em saúde pública. Nesta tese, integramos a pesquisa em saúde pública à pesquisa em sistemas alimentares para compreender a transição para sistemas alimentares baseados em princípios de inovação responsável, ou seja, mais sustentáveis e resilientes, justos e equitativos para os trabalhadores e benéficos para a saúde da população. A fim de ampliar a compreensão deste fenômeno, analisamos a transição no contexto de uma economia estabelecida e uma economia emergente: a província de Québec (Canadá) e o estado de São Paulo (Brasil). Nesse sentido, buscamos alcançar três objetivos específicos por meio de um estudo de caso múltiplo que combina dados primários e secundários. O primeiro objetivo consistia em caracterizar os sistemas alimentares da província de Québec e do estado de São Paulo. Para atingir este objetivo, foi feita uma análise secundária dos dados socioeconômicos do sistema alimentar da província de Québec e do estado de São Paulo. A caracterização destes dois sistemas alimentares destacou a forma como estes são abordados pelas autoridades públicas em seu próprio território: uma atividade econômica. Esta perspectiva puramente econômica contrasta com uma orientação para o bem comum, necessária para destacar o papel dos sistemas alimentares frente aos grandes desafios da sociedade, como a segurança alimentar e as mudanças climáticas. No segundo objetivo buscamos esclarecer as restrições e oportunidades contextuais que afetam o surgimento de inovações responsáveis no sistema alimentar. Para isso, foram analisados dados de 34 entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em 30 organizações, 15 na província de Québec e 15 no estado de São Paulo. As análises esclareceram de maneira empírica que as dimensões contextuais moldadas pelo sistema alimentar dominante dificultam o surgimento de organizações e práticas responsáveis. Por outro lado, os resultados sugerem que as dimensões contextuais podem ser deliberadamente modificadas para apoiar o surgimento de uma inovação responsável no sistema alimentar. O terceiro objetivo da tese envolveu a análise das organizações e práticas que apoiam a transição dos sistemas alimentares. Os dados utilizados para alcançar este objetivo consistiram em 34 entrevistas semiestruturadas, notas de campo e documentos públicos. Considerando que a literatura sobre inovação responsável em sistemas alimentares ainda está emergindo, desenvolvemos uma definição provisória do conceito de Inovação Responsável em Sistemas Alimentares (IRSA) para apoiar o estudo. Os resultados mostraram como as organizações e práticas orientadas para a IRSA transformam a produção de alimentos através da integração de práticas de produção que visam ter um impacto social e ambiental positivo. Elas transformam a distribuição de alimentos através de práticas de comercialização transparentes que conectam produtores e consumidores, e através de princípios de responsabilidade que transformam a demanda em nível individual e institucional. Finalmente, elas contribuem para a transição resistindo às dinâmicas do sistema alimentar dominante e procurando alinhar diferentes atores em direção a um objetivo em comum. Em conclusão, esta tese mostrou que a integração da pesquisa em sistemas alimentares à pesquisa em saúde pública permite abordar as causas profundas das questões de segurança alimentar. A abordagem de inovação responsável mobilizada nesta tese pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de inovações que tenham o potencial de promover a transição dos sistemas alimentares. Por fim, os conhecimentos desenvolvidos nesta tese podem informar políticas e práticas na interface entre saúde pública, sistemas alimentares e proteção ambiental. Este tipo de integração é fundamental para apoiar o fortalecimento de sistemas alimentares mais favoráveis à saúde.