A presente tese de doutorado é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada na Escola do Campo Florestam Fernandes, localizada no Projeto de Assentamento 12 de Outubro, Município de Cláudia, entrada do Bioma Amazônia mato-grossense. O trabalho de pesquisa tem como perspectiva analisar como se dá o fluxo entre as orientações do Movimento Camponês, da proposta de Educação do Campo e o Currículo desenvolvido pela Escola Estadual Florestan Fernandes, num contexto em que o bioma Amazônia Mato-grossense é devastado de forma avassaladora desde os anos 1970 quando os planos militaristas para essa região instituíram o processo colonizatório. Prioritariamente, o projeto militar, através da mercantilização dos territórios sob o álibi de integração e segurança nacional, “Ocupar para não Entregar”, interpôs o aniquilamento da floresta/biodiversidade, empreendido pela expansão do metabolismo social do capital na região. Num contexto macrocósmico, esse processo vem assolando tanto as possibilidades do Bem-Viver quanto nutrindo o modo de produção hegemônico. E por isso, concomitante ao desmatamento na região, um dos maiores do País, avançam os índices de desigualdade social. O mito do desbravamento e do progresso sedimenta-se na atualidade pelo modus operandi do agronegócio. Na vivência de lutas pelas condições vitais o sujeito histórico camponês se vê diante do grande desafio histórico de se aproximar da natureza, seu corpo inorgânico, como forma de sobreviver. Para isto, faz-se necessário romper com os ranços da Revolução Verde e o mito do desbravamento, ainda fortemente impregnados nas práticas sociais. À formação desse camponês convicto do seu trabalho interdependente à floresta/biodiversidade a Educação do Campo é convocada, prioritariamente, pelo Movimento Camponês, mas também, por todas as pessoas que, de uma forma ou de outra, entendem que a transformação social é urgente e nela perpassa, também, a construção de outra relação do gênero humano com a natureza. O aporte teórico metodológico utilizado neste trabalho funda-se no materialismo histórico e dialético como meio de contribuir, através da investigação científica, com a luta social para transformação da realidade socioambiental e educacional estudada. Para sustentação desta pesquisa estabeleceu- se um contínuo diálogo com autores de diversas teorias críticas, como: Triviños, Mészáros, Charlot, Taffarel, Ribeiro, Apple, e com os educadores-estudantes-camponeses. Essa trajetória densa e intensa de investigação conduziu-me à compreensão de que, embora os migrantes, base do campesinato local, possuam pouco conhecimento do Bioma Amazônia, e a luta pela terra-floresta não seja antagônica às lutas socioambientais, esse tema não integrou o currículo da escola estudada. O mito do desbravamento tem sido muito forte, dificultando uma práxis proximal camponês-floresta/biodiversidade, fazendo com que a floresta seja vista como selvagem e perigosa ao humano civilizado. Mesmo que o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra (MST) e a Educação do Campo na região tenham contribuído para uma formação omnilateral do sujeito histórico camponês, a perspectiva de se constituírem em “cuidadores da floresta” ainda é uma construção incipiente diante da hegemonia do agronegócio da soja. Faz-se necessário, então, que sejam integrados nos currículos escolares os estudos sobre a agroecologia e suas práticas a fim de que possam corroborar com a compreensão dos Sistemas Agroflorestais, uma modalidade produtiva importante para manutenção da floresta em pé. / The present thesis is the outcome of a research carried out at Escola de Campo Florestam Fernandes, located in Settlement Project 12 de Outubro, Municipality of Claudia, gateway to the Mato Grosso Amazonian Biome. The research perspective has been to analyze how the flow between the orientations of the Peasant Movement of the proposed Field Education and Curriculum developed by the State School Florestan Fernandes, in a context where the Mato Grosso Amazonian biome has been overwhelmingly devastated since the 1970s when the militaristic government policies for the region begun the colonization process. Ultimately, the military project through the commodification of territories under the alibi of integration and national security, "Occupy not surrender" brought the destruction of the forest / biodiversity undertaken by the expansion of social metabolism of capital in the region. In a macrocosm context, this process has been sweeping both the possibilities of Good Living and has been nursing the hegemonic production way. Therefore, along with deforestation in the region, one of the largest in the country comes the advance of social inequality. The myth of progress by clearing and settles has its basis on the current modus operandi of agribusiness. Rural workers have been now struggling for vital living conditions where the historical peasant subject has presently been facing the historical challenge of approaching nature, its inorganic body, as a way to survive. For such, it is necessary to break with the stuffiness of the Green Revolution and the myth of the clearing, still strongly impregnated in social practices. The formation of this peasant convinced of his work interdependently to the forest / biodiversity Field Education is convened primarily by Peasant Movement, but also for all the people who in one way or another, understand that social change is urgent and it also pervades the construction of another relationship of humanity with nature. The methodological theoretical approach in this work is based on the historical and dialectical materialism as a means to contribute, through research, to fight for social and environmental transformation of the educational reality studied. To support this research we have established a continuous dialogue with authors of various critical theories: Triviños; Meszaros; Charlot; Taffarel; Ribeiro; Apple; and students-teachers-peasants.This dense and intense trajectory of research has led me to the realization that, although migrants as base of local peasantry, have little knowledge of the Amazonian Biome, and the struggle for forest-land is not antagonistic to environmental struggles, this topic has not integrated the curriculum of the school studied. The myth of the clearing has been very strong; making it difficult to peasant-forest/biodiversity proximal praxis, leading the forest to be seen as wild and dangerous to civilized humans. Even if the Movement of Landless and the Rural Education and in the region have contributed to unilateral formation of peasant historical subject, the perspective of getting themselves established as "caretakers of the forest" is still a fledgling construction in front of the hegemony of soy agribusiness. Therefore, it has been necessary the inclusion of a school curricula on agro-ecology study and its practices so that they can corroborate to the understanding of agroforestry systems, an important modality for the maintenance of productive forest.

A presente tese de doutorado é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada na Escola do Campo Florestam Fernandes, localizada no Projeto de Assentamento 12 de Outubro, Município de Cláudia, entrada do Bioma Amazônia mato-grossense. O trabalho de pesquisa tem como perspectiva analisar como se dá o fluxo entre as orientações do Movimento Camponês, da proposta de Educação do Campo e o Currículo desenvolvido pela Escola Estadual Florestan Fernandes, num contexto em que o bioma Amazônia Mato-grossense é devastado de forma avassaladora desde os anos 1970 quando os planos militaristas para essa região instituíram o processo colonizatório. Prioritariamente, o projeto militar, através da mercantilização dos territórios sob o álibi de integração e segurança nacional, “Ocupar para não Entregar”, interpôs o aniquilamento da floresta/biodiversidade, empreendido pela expansão do metabolismo social do capital na região. Num contexto macrocósmico, esse processo vem assolando tanto as possibilidades do Bem-Viver quanto nutrindo o modo de produção hegemônico. E por isso, concomitante ao desmatamento na região, um dos maiores do País, avançam os índices de desigualdade social. O mito do desbravamento e do progresso sedimenta-se na atualidade pelo modus operandi do agronegócio. Na vivência de lutas pelas condições vitais o sujeito histórico camponês se vê diante do grande desafio histórico de se aproximar da natureza, seu corpo inorgânico, como forma de sobreviver. Para isto, faz-se necessário romper com os ranços da Revolução Verde e o mito do desbravamento, ainda fortemente impregnados nas práticas sociais. À formação desse camponês convicto do seu trabalho interdependente à floresta/biodiversidade a Educação do Campo é convocada, prioritariamente, pelo Movimento Camponês, mas também, por todas as pessoas que, de uma forma ou de outra, entendem que a transformação social é urgente e nela perpassa, também, a construção de outra relação do gênero humano com a natureza. O aporte teórico metodológico utilizado neste trabalho funda-se no materialismo histórico e dialético como meio de contribuir, através da investigação científica, com a luta social para transformação da realidade socioambiental e educacional estudada. Para sustentação desta pesquisa estabeleceu- se um contínuo diálogo com autores de diversas teorias críticas, como: Triviños, Mészáros, Charlot, Taffarel, Ribeiro, Apple, e com os educadores-estudantes-camponeses. Essa trajetória densa e intensa de investigação conduziu-me à compreensão de que, embora os migrantes, base do campesinato local, possuam pouco conhecimento do Bioma Amazônia, e a luta pela terra-floresta não seja antagônica às lutas socioambientais, esse tema não integrou o currículo da escola estudada. O mito do desbravamento tem sido muito forte, dificultando uma práxis proximal camponês-floresta/biodiversidade, fazendo com que a floresta seja vista como selvagem e perigosa ao humano civilizado. Mesmo que o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra (MST) e a Educação do Campo na região tenham contribuído para uma formação omnilateral do sujeito histórico camponês, a perspectiva de se constituírem em “cuidadores da floresta” ainda é uma construção incipiente diante da hegemonia do agronegócio da soja. Faz-se necessário, então, que sejam integrados nos currículos escolares os estudos sobre a agroecologia e suas práticas a fim de que possam corroborar com a compreensão dos Sistemas Agroflorestais, uma modalidade produtiva importante para manutenção da floresta em pé. / The present thesis is the outcome of a research carried out at Escola de Campo Florestam Fernandes, located in Settlement Project 12 de Outubro, Municipality of Claudia, gateway to the Mato Grosso Amazonian Biome. The research perspective has been to analyze how the flow between the orientations of the Peasant Movement of the proposed Field Education and Curriculum developed by the State School Florestan Fernandes, in a context where the Mato Grosso Amazonian biome has been overwhelmingly devastated since the 1970s when the militaristic government policies for the region begun the colonization process. Ultimately, the military project through the commodification of territories under the alibi of integration and national security, "Occupy not surrender" brought the destruction of the forest / biodiversity undertaken by the expansion of social metabolism of capital in the region. In a macrocosm context, this process has been sweeping both the possibilities of Good Living and has been nursing the hegemonic production way. Therefore, along with deforestation in the region, one of the largest in the country comes the advance of social inequality. The myth of progress by clearing and settles has its basis on the current modus operandi of agribusiness. Rural workers have been now struggling for vital living conditions where the historical peasant subject has presently been facing the historical challenge of approaching nature, its inorganic body, as a way to survive. For such, it is necessary to break with the stuffiness of the Green Revolution and the myth of the clearing, still strongly impregnated in social practices. The formation of this peasant convinced of his work interdependently to the forest / biodiversity Field Education is convened primarily by Peasant Movement, but also for all the people who in one way or another, understand that social change is urgent and it also pervades the construction of another relationship of humanity with nature. The methodological theoretical approach in this work is based on the historical and dialectical materialism as a means to contribute, through research, to fight for social and environmental transformation of the educational reality studied. To support this research we have established a continuous dialogue with authors of various critical theories: Triviños; Meszaros; Charlot; Taffarel; Ribeiro; Apple; and students-teachers-peasants.This dense and intense trajectory of research has led me to the realization that, although migrants as base of local peasantry, have little knowledge of the Amazonian Biome, and the struggle for forest-land is not antagonistic to environmental struggles, this topic has not integrated the curriculum of the school studied. The myth of the clearing has been very strong; making it difficult to peasant-forest/biodiversity proximal praxis, leading the forest to be seen as wild and dangerous to civilized humans. Even if the Movement of Landless and the Rural Education and in the region have contributed to unilateral formation of peasant historical subject, the perspective of getting themselves established as "caretakers of the forest" is still a fledgling construction in front of the hegemony of soy agribusiness. Therefore, it has been necessary the inclusion of a school curricula on agro-ecology study and its practices so that they can corroborate to the understanding of agroforestry systems, an important modality for the maintenance of productive forest.

A presente tese de doutorado é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada na Escola do Campo Florestam Fernandes, localizada no Projeto de Assentamento 12 de Outubro, Município de Cláudia, entrada do Bioma Amazônia mato-grossense. O trabalho de pesquisa tem como perspectiva analisar como se dá o fluxo entre as orientações do Movimento Camponês, da proposta de Educação do Campo e o Currículo desenvolvido pela Escola Estadual Florestan Fernandes, num contexto em que o bioma Amazônia Mato-grossense é devastado de forma avassaladora desde os anos 1970 quando os planos militaristas para essa região instituíram o processo colonizatório. Prioritariamente, o projeto militar, através da mercantilização dos territórios sob o álibi de integração e segurança nacional, “Ocupar para não Entregar”, interpôs o aniquilamento da floresta/biodiversidade, empreendido pela expansão do metabolismo social do capital na região. Num contexto macrocósmico, esse processo vem assolando tanto as possibilidades do Bem-Viver quanto nutrindo o modo de produção hegemônico. E por isso, concomitante ao desmatamento na região, um dos maiores do País, avançam os índices de desigualdade social. O mito do desbravamento e do progresso sedimenta-se na atualidade pelo modus operandi do agronegócio. Na vivência de lutas pelas condições vitais o sujeito histórico camponês se vê diante do grande desafio histórico de se aproximar da natureza, seu corpo inorgânico, como forma de sobreviver. Para isto, faz-se necessário romper com os ranços da Revolução Verde e o mito do desbravamento, ainda fortemente impregnados nas práticas sociais. À formação desse camponês convicto do seu trabalho interdependente à floresta/biodiversidade a Educação do Campo é convocada, prioritariamente, pelo Movimento Camponês, mas também, por todas as pessoas que, de uma forma ou de outra, entendem que a transformação social é urgente e nela perpassa, também, a construção de outra relação do gênero humano com a natureza. O aporte teórico metodológico utilizado neste trabalho funda-se no materialismo histórico e dialético como meio de contribuir, através da investigação científica, com a luta social para transformação da realidade socioambiental e educacional estudada. Para sustentação desta pesquisa estabeleceu- se um contínuo diálogo com autores de diversas teorias críticas, como: Triviños, Mészáros, Charlot, Taffarel, Ribeiro, Apple, e com os educadores-estudantes-camponeses. Essa trajetória densa e intensa de investigação conduziu-me à compreensão de que, embora os migrantes, base do campesinato local, possuam pouco conhecimento do Bioma Amazônia, e a luta pela terra-floresta não seja antagônica às lutas socioambientais, esse tema não integrou o currículo da escola estudada. O mito do desbravamento tem sido muito forte, dificultando uma práxis proximal camponês-floresta/biodiversidade, fazendo com que a floresta seja vista como selvagem e perigosa ao humano civilizado. Mesmo que o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra (MST) e a Educação do Campo na região tenham contribuído para uma formação omnilateral do sujeito histórico camponês, a perspectiva de se constituírem em “cuidadores da floresta” ainda é uma construção incipiente diante da hegemonia do agronegócio da soja. Faz-se necessário, então, que sejam integrados nos currículos escolares os estudos sobre a agroecologia e suas práticas a fim de que possam corroborar com a compreensão dos Sistemas Agroflorestais, uma modalidade produtiva importante para manutenção da floresta em pé. / The present thesis is the outcome of a research carried out at Escola de Campo Florestam Fernandes, located in Settlement Project 12 de Outubro, Municipality of Claudia, gateway to the Mato Grosso Amazonian Biome. The research perspective has been to analyze how the flow between the orientations of the Peasant Movement of the proposed Field Education and Curriculum developed by the State School Florestan Fernandes, in a context where the Mato Grosso Amazonian biome has been overwhelmingly devastated since the 1970s when the militaristic government policies for the region begun the colonization process. Ultimately, the military project through the commodification of territories under the alibi of integration and national security, "Occupy not surrender" brought the destruction of the forest / biodiversity undertaken by the expansion of social metabolism of capital in the region. In a macrocosm context, this process has been sweeping both the possibilities of Good Living and has been nursing the hegemonic production way. Therefore, along with deforestation in the region, one of the largest in the country comes the advance of social inequality. The myth of progress by clearing and settles has its basis on the current modus operandi of agribusiness. Rural workers have been now struggling for vital living conditions where the historical peasant subject has presently been facing the historical challenge of approaching nature, its inorganic body, as a way to survive. For such, it is necessary to break with the stuffiness of the Green Revolution and the myth of the clearing, still strongly impregnated in social practices. The formation of this peasant convinced of his work interdependently to the forest / biodiversity Field Education is convened primarily by Peasant Movement, but also for all the people who in one way or another, understand that social change is urgent and it also pervades the construction of another relationship of humanity with nature. The methodological theoretical approach in this work is based on the historical and dialectical materialism as a means to contribute, through research, to fight for social and environmental transformation of the educational reality studied. To support this research we have established a continuous dialogue with authors of various critical theories: Triviños; Meszaros; Charlot; Taffarel; Ribeiro; Apple; and students-teachers-peasants.This dense and intense trajectory of research has led me to the realization that, although migrants as base of local peasantry, have little knowledge of the Amazonian Biome, and the struggle for forest-land is not antagonistic to environmental struggles, this topic has not integrated the curriculum of the school studied. The myth of the clearing has been very strong; making it difficult to peasant-forest/biodiversity proximal praxis, leading the forest to be seen as wild and dangerous to civilized humans. Even if the Movement of Landless and the Rural Education and in the region have contributed to unilateral formation of peasant historical subject, the perspective of getting themselves established as "caretakers of the forest" is still a fledgling construction in front of the hegemony of soy agribusiness. Therefore, it has been necessary the inclusion of a school curricula on agro-ecology study and its practices so that they can corroborate to the understanding of agroforestry systems, an important modality for the maintenance of productive forest.

Thesis ((MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Adequate shelter for the majority of the Mozambican population is still not a reality. Conventional building materials are not affordable for the poor and the governmental policies do not put much focus on the issue of housing. Also, the consideration of environmental issues in the construction industry is becoming relevant concerning the process of sustainability promotion. In most instances, communities in Mozambique have been using local alternative materials to build their houses and unfired adobe brick is one of these materials. Compared to conventional materials, unfired adobe brick is relatively cheaper and has low negative environmental impacts. This study analysed the use of this material in Mozambique from a sustainability viewpoint to find out whether there were opportunities to construct sustainable housing for local communities. To gather information regarding socio-economic, environmental and technical dimensions of the use of unfired adobe brick, the main research strategy privileged the use of a qualitative approach where the data collection methods involved interviews, focus group discussions, observation and direct involvement of the researcher in practical work. Findings indicate that low costs related to the use of unfired adobe brick address the problem of affordability for the majority of local people. Local availability of suitable soils, minimal processing, use of renewable sources of energy for processing the material and recyclability/reusability all indicate that this material has very little environmental impact. Identified stresses (moisture) affecting unfired adobe structures can be avoided through low-impact methods of earth stabilization and specific design measures. It is concluded that unfired adobe brick has the potential to contribute to the provision of sustainable housing in Mozambique. In order for this to happen, there needs to be: More research on construction methods applicable to the Mozambican context; The introduction of construction codes related to adobe construction; Training of local communities in adobe construction; The creation of housing policies; and Investigation into the opportunities offered by unfired adobe brick concerning sustainability. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ordentlike behuising vir die meerderhede van die mense van Mosambiek is nog steeds nie ʼn werklikheid nie. Die meeste mense van Mosambiek kan nie gewone bou materiale bekostig en die staat beleide fokus baie min op die verskafing van behuising of pogings om bou materiale meer toegangklik te maak. Toegang tot bou materiale is een probleem maar bekommernis oor omgewings probleme is ook iets wat meer en meer in ag geneem moet word, spesifiek in terme van die bou industrie. Volhoubarheid is ook iets wat ʼn grote rol speel in ontwikkelings beluister en kan ook ander opsies vir arme gemeenskappe ontlok. Plaaslike gemeenskappe van Mosambiek het vir ʼn lang tyd, alternatiewe produkte gebruik om hul huise te bou, een van die is modder adobe bakstene. In vergelyking met konvensionele materiale is die modder bakstene goedkoper en het a baie kleiner omgewings impak. Die projek bestudeer die gebruik van die modder adobe baksteen in Mosambiek van ʼn volhoubaarheid oogpunt en ondersoek of dit geleenthede skep in terme van volhoubare behuising vir plaaslike gemeenskappe. Die navorsing het verskillende metode behels, die van persoonlike onderhoude, groep onderhoude, observasie en praktiese gebou van ʼn huis met die modder adobe bakstene. Die navorsing het bewys dat die gebruik van die adobe bakstene wel die probleem van toegang en hoe bou koste vir die arm plaaslike gemeenskap oplos. Plaaslike omstandighede werk ook om die vrag van volhoubaarheid op te los omdat die materiale en kennis plaaslik beskikbaar is. Die navorsing bewys ook dat opleiding en ʼn samestelling van die plaaslike kennis kan ook lui tot ʼn toename van die gebruik van die modder adobe baksteen tektologie wat volhoubaarheid oor die algemeen sal verbeter en dat dié ʼn beter toekoms vir die plaaslike gemeenskappe van Mosambiek kan skep.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 REJANE MICHELE SILVA SOUZA.pdf: 1478096 bytes, checksum: a3adb37945808740e17314085b50b164 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-16 / Whether because of natural population growth, or the migration process, the fact is that many cities have grown sharply, especially in the last century, and today stand as major urban centers. In most cities, this expansion occurred in an unplanned way, rebelling in the deficiencies that defy the satisfaction of basic needs to citizens and urban problems that cause imbalance and degradation in the urban environment, which highlight the housing issue. The problems related to housing manifests as housing deficit in the form of inadequate housing or homelessness, irregular or illegal settlement, spatial and social segregation or other, for this reason, has become an important issue for international law, who has treated the question by designing housing rights, inherent human dignity, and Management of Sustainable human Settlements, as a way to balance and preserve the environment. Through case analysis, performed in the neighborhood of affordable housing ResidentialJar dins do Cerrito, located in Goiania-GO, the precepts International on the issue of housing are confronted, portraying the reality of the urban environment and the citizens who compose it. / Seja em virtude do crescimento populacional natural ou pelo processo migratório, é fato que muitas cidadescresceram abruptamente, principalmente no último século, e hoje se apresentam como grandes centros urbanos.Na maioria das cidades, essa expansão se deu de forma não planejada, insurgindo em carências quedesafiama satisfação de necessidades essenciais ao cidadão e problemas urbanísticos que provocam o desequilíbrio e a degradação ao meio ambiente urbano, dentre os quais destacamos a questão habitacional. A problemática relacionada à moradia manifesta-se como déficit habitacional na forma de moradia inadequada ou falta de moradia, assentamento irregular ou ilegal, segregação social ou espacial e outros. Por esta razão, tornou-se um tema relevante ao Direito Internacional, que tem tratado a questão de Direito à Moradia, sob o prisma da dignidade da pessoa humana e Gestão de Assentamentos Humanos Sustentáveis, como forma de equilíbrio e preservação do meio ambiente. Por meio de estudo de caso realizado no bairro de moradia popular Residencial Jardins do Cerrado, em Goiânia-GO, confrontamos a realidade fática com os preceitos Internacionais sobre a questão da moradia, retratando o quadro daquele meio ambiente urbano e do cidadão que o compõem.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-11-23T18:57:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Douglas Predo Mateus.pdf: 3019078 bytes, checksum: 3e18430412551aedef2e331679240d61 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-23T18:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Douglas Predo Mateus.pdf: 3019078 bytes, checksum: 3e18430412551aedef2e331679240d61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-24 / The work analyses local governments participations in the formulation of politics and actions referring to deserving habitation in according to international documents like, ¿Habitat Agenda¿ and ¿New Urban Agenda¿, came from Habitat Meeting. In the context of International Environment Law Program tries answer the question: ¿Can local governments do the environment international urban law?¿ From a study developped in Santos, SP between 1993 e 1996, triess to discuss how this participation occurs, if objectifying adapt to international documents, or looking for international problems solutions, to this uses hypotheic-deductive methodology and organizes into four chapters, which includes international documents that established and discuss deserving habitation, historic contexto and the national legislation that cares this question, the participation of the State and the Market, the Global Environment Governance and the study about Santos Municipality. This work proposes to use ¿Habitat Agenda¿ how a methodology of insert the State participation to warrant citizenship, rights to habitation, to the city, democratization and descentralization of State. / O trabalho analisa a participação dos governos locais na formulação de políticas e ações referentes ao direito à moradia digna nos moldes preconizados pelos documentos internacionais, como a ¿Agenda Habitat¿ e a ¿Nova Agenda Urbana¿, produzidos no âmbito das Conferências Habitat. No contexto do Programa de Direito Ambiental Internacional procura responder a pergunta ¿Podem os Governos locais construírem o direito ambiental internacional urbano?¿ A partir do estudo de um programa desenvolvido em Santos, SP entre 1993 e 1996, procura discutir como se dá essa participação, se com a finalidade de se adequar aos documentos internacionais ou indiretamente, visando resolver problemas internos, para tanto utiliza a metodologia hipotético-dedutiva e se organiza em 4 capítulos, que abordam os documentos internacionais que fundamentam e tratam da questão da moradia digna, o contexto histórico e a legislação nacional que enfrenta essa questão, o papel do Estado e do Mercado nessa discussão, a Governança Global Ambiental e o estudo do caso do Município de Santos. O trabalho propõe a adoção da Agenda Habitat como metodologia de implementação de participação do Estado para a garantia da cidadania, do direito a moradia, e à cidade, da democratização e descentralização do Estado.

This research is an examination of the practical application of intergovernmental relations (IGR) and co-operative government at the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM)’s Department of Housing and Human Settlements. By use of questionnaire and direct interviews, the research extracted responses from methodically selected employees and officials at the Department of Housing and Human Settlements in the CTMM. Literature study was combined with document analysis and a part of participant observation to gather data and information that has been examined and analysed in the study that has established the need for training and skilling for officials and employees in financial and project management. The need for the rolling back of political interference, regular review of legislation to keep abreast with the changing environment and international standards and improved institutional communication are but some of the observations and arguments that the research has established from a careful reading of data gathered. The enabling policies, laws and regulations that are in place remain largely good on paper, but still limited in their practical application. It is argued in this research that housing and human settlements are a provision that is central in the democratic and development life of the Republic of South Africa, and that the provision of sustainable human settlements enriches the livelihoods of communities in so far as other services such as education, recreation, health care, electricity, economic opportunities, safety, transport and communication are also dependent on the availability of sustainable human settlements and the amenities that comes with it. It is the recommendation of the present research that if the policies, regulations, laws and goals that govern the IGR towards the delivery of sustainable human settlements are to achieve maximum fruition, there is a need for vigorous monitoring and evaluation mechanisms that will ensure that budgets are efficiently used, that standing decisions are implemented and that partisan politics and corruption and opportunistic tendencies are eliminated as these hinder performance and delivery. / Public Administration / MPA

This research is an examination of the practical application of intergovernmental relations (IGR) and co-operative government at the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM)’s Department of Housing and Human Settlements. By use of questionnaire and direct interviews, the research extracted responses from methodically selected employees and officials at the Department of Housing and Human Settlements in the CTMM. Literature study was combined with document analysis and a part of participant observation to gather data and information that has been examined and analysed in the study that has established the need for training and skilling for officials and employees in financial and project management. The need for the rolling back of political interference, regular review of legislation to keep abreast with the changing environment and international standards and improved institutional communication are but some of the observations and arguments that the research has established from a careful reading of data gathered. The enabling policies, laws and regulations that are in place remain largely good on paper, but still limited in their practical application. It is argued in this research that housing and human settlements are a provision that is central in the democratic and development life of the Republic of South Africa, and that the provision of sustainable human settlements enriches the livelihoods of communities in so far as other services such as education, recreation, health care, electricity, economic opportunities, safety, transport and communication are also dependent on the availability of sustainable human settlements and the amenities that comes with it. It is the recommendation of the present research that if the policies, regulations, laws and goals that govern the IGR towards the delivery of sustainable human settlements are to achieve maximum fruition, there is a need for vigorous monitoring and evaluation mechanisms that will ensure that budgets are efficiently used, that standing decisions are implemented and that partisan politics and corruption and opportunistic tendencies are eliminated as these hinder performance and delivery. / Public Administration and Management / MPA