Sustainable Value Stream Mapping (Sus-VSM) builds upon traditional VSM to capture additional sustainability aspects of the product flow, such as environmental and societal aspects. This work presents research to expand the utility of Sus-VSM to supply chain networks, develop a general approach towards improving supply chain sustainability, and examine the benefits of implementing simulation and a design of experiments (DOE) style analysis. Metrics are identified to assess economic, environmental, and societal sustainability for supply chain networks and visual symbols are developed for the Supply Chain Sus-VSM (SC Sus-VSM) to allow users to easily identify locations where sustainability can be improved. A discrete event simulation (DES) model is developed to simulate the supply chain, allowing easier creation of future state maps, which are used to identify locations for sustainability improvement. A scoring methodology and DOE-style analysis are developed to collect more information from the supply chain. Results from the case study show that the SC Sus-VSM meets the goals desired, and that the DES model aids the goals of the map. It is also indicated that interventions in the supply chain should first focus on economic improvements, followed by societal and then environmental improvements to achieve the greatest supply chain sustainability.

Orientador: Vagner Cavenaghi / Banca: Aldo Roberto Ometto / Banca: Otávio José de Oliveira / Resumo: Diante das novas demandas em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável, é comum ouvir as empresas falando em produtos sustentáveis, em produção "verde". Mas para que essas afirmações sejam realidade existe a necessidade urgente de que as empresas compreendam e incorporem a visão da sustentabilidade aos seus negócios. O objetivo dessa dissertação é apresentar e relacionar os princípios e escopo da Manufatura Sustentável, alinhando-os aos indicadores do Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), demonstrando a viabilidade das empresas utilizarem os indicadores para a gestão das operações com foco sustentável. A dissertação tem como base a revisão bibliográfica sobre a Manufatura Sustentável e de alguns instrumentos que auxiliam a sua implementação, como o Ecodesing, a Produção Mais Limpa e a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida. O estudo de caso fornece indicadores que evidenciam que o processo de implementação de um processo de produção sustentável é possível, quando realizado de forma estruturada e com a liderança da alta direção na condução desse processo gradual e contínuo. Os resultados obtidos com o cruzamento do estudo de caso com os indicadores, evidenciam que o processo analisado tem potencial para ser efetivamente uma manufatura sustentável, além de estar apto a realizar e divulgar o seu relatório de sustentabilidade, com base no GRI. Os dados obtidos são reforçados numa tabela de indicadores (essenciais e adicionais) com potencial de atendimento. Com isso, essa dissertação demonstra que os indicadores de sustentabilidade também podem ser utilizados como norteadores para a manufatura sustentável / Abstract: Due to the new demands when it comes to sustainable development, it has become very usual for companies to discuss sustainable products, in "Green" production. In order to make these statements true, however, companies need urgently to understand and incorporate the vision of sustainability into their own business. The objective of this dissertation is to present and relate the principles and the scope of the Sustainable Manufacturing, thus aligning them with the indicators of the Goal Reporting Initiative (GRI), demonstating the corporate feasibility in using such indicators to the management of sustainable focus operations. This dissertation is based on the bibliographical review on Sustainable Manufacturing and some instruments which help its implementation, such as: Ecodesing, the Cleaner Production and the Life Cycle Assessment. The case study of a re-refining process provides indicators evidencing that the implementations process of a sustainable production process is possible - when performed in a structured manner and led by the company's high management. This process is gradual and continuous. The results otained when crossing the case study with the indicators show that the process analysis has potential to effectively become a sustainable manufacturing, in addition to being able to perform and divulge its sustainbility report, based on GRI. The data obtained are reinforced in a scorecard (essential and additional) and have attendance potential. This way, this dissertation demonstration that the sustainability indicators can also be utilized as guidelines for the sustainable manufacturing / Mestre

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_cg_me_bauru.pdf: 1497021 bytes, checksum: 245786ce11ee984d9fd56a3ea259740e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Diante das novas demandas em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável, é comum ouvir as empresas falando em produtos sustentáveis, em produção verde. Mas para que essas afirmações sejam realidade existe a necessidade urgente de que as empresas compreendam e incorporem a visão da sustentabilidade aos seus negócios. O objetivo dessa dissertação é apresentar e relacionar os princípios e escopo da Manufatura Sustentável, alinhando-os aos indicadores do Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), demonstrando a viabilidade das empresas utilizarem os indicadores para a gestão das operações com foco sustentável. A dissertação tem como base a revisão bibliográfica sobre a Manufatura Sustentável e de alguns instrumentos que auxiliam a sua implementação, como o Ecodesing, a Produção Mais Limpa e a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida. O estudo de caso fornece indicadores que evidenciam que o processo de implementação de um processo de produção sustentável é possível, quando realizado de forma estruturada e com a liderança da alta direção na condução desse processo gradual e contínuo. Os resultados obtidos com o cruzamento do estudo de caso com os indicadores, evidenciam que o processo analisado tem potencial para ser efetivamente uma manufatura sustentável, além de estar apto a realizar e divulgar o seu relatório de sustentabilidade, com base no GRI. Os dados obtidos são reforçados numa tabela de indicadores (essenciais e adicionais) com potencial de atendimento. Com isso, essa dissertação demonstra que os indicadores de sustentabilidade também podem ser utilizados como norteadores para a manufatura sustentável / Due to the new demands when it comes to sustainable development, it has become very usual for companies to discuss sustainable products, in Green production. In order to make these statements true, however, companies need urgently to understand and incorporate the vision of sustainability into their own business. The objective of this dissertation is to present and relate the principles and the scope of the Sustainable Manufacturing, thus aligning them with the indicators of the Goal Reporting Initiative (GRI), demonstating the corporate feasibility in using such indicators to the management of sustainable focus operations. This dissertation is based on the bibliographical review on Sustainable Manufacturing and some instruments which help its implementation, such as: Ecodesing, the Cleaner Production and the Life Cycle Assessment. The case study of a re-refining process provides indicators evidencing that the implementations process of a sustainable production process is possible - when performed in a structured manner and led by the company's high management. This process is gradual and continuous. The results otained when crossing the case study with the indicators show that the process analysis has potential to effectively become a sustainable manufacturing, in addition to being able to perform and divulge its sustainbility report, based on GRI. The data obtained are reinforced in a scorecard (essential and additional) and have attendance potential. This way, this dissertation demonstration that the sustainability indicators can also be utilized as guidelines for the sustainable manufacturing

In the current global climate of declining fossil fuel reserves and due to the impact of industry on the natural environment, industrial sustainability is becoming ever more important. However, sustainability is quite a vague concept for many, and there are a range of interpretations of the word. If the resource efficiency of a factory is taken as a measure of its sustainability, then the concept becomes better defined and quantifiable. In order to analyse the resource efficiency of a factory and suggest improvements, all flows through the manufacturing system need to be modelled. However the factory is a complex environment, there is a wide variation in the quality levels of energy as well as the composition of material flows in the system. The research presented in this thesis shows how the thermodynamics-based concept of ‘exergy’ can be used to quantify the resource efficiency of a factory. The factory is considered an ‘integrated system’, meaning it is composed of the building and the production processes, both interacting with each other. This is supported by three case studies in different industries that demonstrate the practical application of the approach. A review of literature identified that it was appropriate to develop a novel approach that combined exergy analysis with the integrated view of the factory. Such an approach would allow a ‘holistic’ assessment of resource efficiency for different technology options possibly employable. The development of the approach and its illustration through practical case studies is the main contribution of the work presented. Three case studies, when viewed together, illustrate all aspects of the novel exergy based resource accounting approach. The first case study is that of an engine production line, in which the resource efficiency of this part of the factory is analysed for different energy system options relating to heating ventilation and air conditioning. Firstly, the baseline is compared with the use of a solar photovoltaic array to generate electricity, and then a heat recovery unit is considered. Finally, both of these options were used together, and here it is found that the non-renewable exergy supply and exergy destruction are reduced by 51.6% and 49.2% respectively. The second case study is that of a jaggery (a sugar substitute) production line. The exergy efficiency of the process is calculated based on varying the operating temperature of the jaggery furnace. The case study describes the modelling of al flows through the jaggery process in terms of exergy. Since this is the first example of an exergy analysis of a jaggery process, it can be considered a minor contribution of the work. An imaginary secondary process that could utilize the waste heat from the jaggery process is considered in order to illustrate the application of the approach to industrial symbiosis. The non-renewable exergy supply and exergy destruction are determined for the baseline and the alternative option. The goal of this case study is not to present a thermally optimized design; rather it illustrates how the exergy concept can be used to assess the impact of changes to individual process operations on the overall efficiency in industrial symbiosis. When considering natural resource consumption in manufacturing, accounting for clean water consumption is increasingly important. Therefore, a holistic methodology for resource accounting in factories must be able to account for water efficiency as well. The third case study is that of a food production facility where the water supply and effluent are modelled in terms of exergy. A review of relevant literature shows that previously, the exergy content of only natural water bodies and urban wastewater had been quantified. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first example of applying this methodology of modelling water flows in a manufacturing context. The results show that due to a high amount of organic content in food process effluent, there is significant recoverable exergy in it. Therefore, a hypothetical water treatment process was assumed to estimate the possible savings in exergy consumption. The results show that at least a net 4.1% savings in terms of exergy could be possible if anaerobic digestion water treatment was employed. This result can be significant for the UK since the food sector forms a significant portion of the industry in the country. Towards the end of the thesis, a qualitative study is also presented that aims to evaluate the practical utility of the approach for the industry. A mixed method approach was used to acquire data from experts in the field and analyse their responses. The exergy based resource accounting method developed in this thesis was first presented to them before acquiring the responses. A unanimous view emerged that the developed exergy based factory resource accounting methodology has good potential to benefit industrial sustainability. However, they also agreed that exergy was too complex a concept to be currently widely applied in practice. To this effect, measures that could help overcome this barrier to its practical application were presented which form part of future work.

Introduction The economic impact of environmental regulations in the manufacturing sector and the increasing costs of primary resources have pressured companies wishing to obtain competitive advantages to seek ways to rationalize these resources, either through changes in products specifications or in manufacturing process. These actions depend on solutions that should consider the limits set out in the interdependencies between economic, environmental and social areas, which comprise the so-called sustainability tripod. In this case, the guiding principle for decisions should follow the approach of sustainable development. For this purpose, a proper performance indicators evaluation of processes is a great step to improvement actions and decision making for modifications. Continuous improvement approaches and support of mathematical tools, such as the Discrete Event Simulation (DES) have been used for identifying waste on the shop floor and for cost analyses for manufacturing optimization (Standridge et al. 2006). One of the advantages resulting from the application of DES in corporations is its capability to include the impact of randomness in a system. All the dynamics and the non-deterministic nature of the parameters eliminate the use of static tools such as spreadsheets for solving many line design problems. Furthermore, all commercial simulation software provides detailed animation capabilities. The animation of the manufacturing process and flow can help engineers to visually detect problems or bottlenecks and also to test out alternate line designs. For this reason, the DES may be applied to generate requirements and sustainable systems specifications for manufacturing. However, the analyses results performed by using DES are not sufficient for the joint assessment of impacts on the three dimensions of sustainability (Johansson et al. 2010; Kuhl & Zhou 2009; Joschko et al. 2009). A tool widely used in the academic environment and by corporations to calculate pollutant emissions rates in the product life cycle is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This can supplement cost assessments performed with DES in the production process phase. This work discusses the combined use of DES with LCA to analyze production resources utilization in manufacturing systems. Towards this end, it seeks through a case study to analyze this joint use in decision-making for purchasing forklifts, according to sustainable premises.

The manufacturing industry must align business values with sustainability to preserve a healthy socio-ecological environment, that ensures access for future generations to necessary resources. To better understand the interactions between business strategies and facility operations, this research aims to adopt a more holistic perspective of sustainable facility planning processes, applying the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development. By using relevant environmental and social principles, methods, knowledge, and industrial practices, a strategic decision support was developed as a foundation for the manufacturing industry to improve their sustainable performance. This research (1) collected and analysed existing concepts and processes for sustainability in the industry; (2) developed a practical decision support tool; (3) reviewed the design by experts in the field; and (4) redesigned the tool by implementing expert recommendations. Based on the findings, it is crucial for decision makers to embed a strategic and holistic approach when considering facility design options. Therefore, the strategic decision support tool (CRAFTS) enables opportunities for a broader scope of possible improvements within the confines of the manufacturing facility by guiding experts in the field to decide between retrofitting and new construction. CRAFTS supports the industry to refine and align their business strategies and facility operations with sustainability.

Sustainable manufacturing is becoming increasingly important due to scarcity of natural resources, stricter regulations and increasing customer demand for sustainable products. Sustainable manufacturing involves the use of sustainable processes and systems to produce more sustainable products. In order to meet these demands for sustainable products, manufacturing companies have to adopt numerous strategies to achieve sustainable manufacturing. The approach for evaluating sustainable products and processes have been investigated in previous work where product/process sustainability indices were proposed. However, no comprehensive methods are available for sustainable manufacturing performance evaluation at the system level. This work aims to develop two alternate methods for evaluating sustainable manufacturing performance at enterprise, plant and production line levels. First, requirements for a sustainability metrics framework are identified through studying and reviewing existing literature where the three pillars of sustainability, total life-cycle stages, and 6R concepts are concurrently addressed. Then index-and value-based methods are proposed to evaluate sustainable manufacturing performance by conducting assessment on economic, environmental and societal aspects. Finally, the application of these two methods is illustrated for a representative enterprise producing consumer electronics at the enterprise level; a case study for a satellite television dish production is used to demonstrate the application of these methods at the production line level. Results obtained from these two methods are compared and analyzed at the enterprise level. The proposed methods can provide information to a company to identify improvement strategies and for decision making for sustainable development.

Sustainability has fast evolved in business practices, and yet its meaning is often elusive and ambiguous. The component of sustainability is playing an important role in the company’s brand positioning. The popularity and the importance of sustainability in business operations and business representation are still rapidly growing. The linkage of the branding and sustainability messaging has a strong correlation with the consumer’s perception. Moreover, the brand messaging construction with the right terminologies’ selection is one of the brand communication activities. However, the aspect of “sustainability manufacturing” caught great attention in recent years. Therefore, our study project is based on comprehending the authentic brand positioning with the right sustainability terminology usage aiming to deliver strong sustainability messaging. More precisely, the project's primary aim has been to investigate and explore the impact of sustainability terminology used by manufacturing companies in Sweden on consumer perception. For this aim, we conducted a mono-method quantitative study with a specially developed questionnaire based on gathered secondary data from the 21 annual reports of the manufacturing companies in Sweden from the year 2020. We have selected ten terminologies from the reports and conducted the questionnaire with 100 participants. Based on these results, regular consumers were surveyed to get a quantitative number of the importance, ambiguity, and credibility of the sustainability terminologies. The literature review attempted to link the fields of the study from a top-down design with manufacturing companies at the top, creating these sustainable goods. Manufacturing companies were using terms like ‘waste management ‘materials efficiency ‘employee health and safety’ and ‘community relations’ as a branding mechanism to display their commitment toward a long-term sustainability goal. These concepts are further discussed with universal definitions of corporate social responsibility while the final concept is based on theoretical knowledge of the consumers themselves and their perceptions as they are the end consumer of these ‘eco-friendly’ products. The sustainability literature foundation was smoothly interconnected with the branding and the consumer’s perception theories. To conclude, the results of our study with regards to the consumer importance, customer's privacy does have a significant influence on the sustainability aspect of businesses. In the case of the aspect of ambiguity, the sorted terminologies are as follows: product and service safety and waste management. In the case of the credibility aspect, water management, energy management, employee health and safety, and ecological impacts are bringing the most credibility from the consumers' perception. This study contributes to business sustainability while attempting to link manufacturing companies with the end consumers. It allows both parties to share a similar perception between terminologies. Overall, the research study helps to comprehend the right utilization of sustainability terminologies based on the consumers’ perception in order to increase the sustainability branding credibility and trustworthiness in the business operations.

This project focuses on addressing the challenges faced by manufacturing lines such as complexity and flexibility through the integration of Augmented Reality (AR), Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data technologies. The objective is to develop a framework that enhances the efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability of manufacturing processes in the context of Industry 4.0.  The project involves the design and implementation of an artifact solution using the UNITY platform. The solution enables users to remotely control and monitor a manufacturing line in real-time through an AR interface. By taking advantage of leveraging IoT devices and sensors, real-time data is collected from the production line, providing valuable insights into performance, maintenance needs, and resource optimization. The collected data is processed and analyzed using Big Data techniques, enabling predictive maintenance, quality control, and optimization of manufacturing processes.  The outcomes of this project will provide valuable insights into the potential of AR, IoT, and Big Data technologies in revolutionizing the manufacturing industry. The artifact solution serves as a proof-of-concept, demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of adopting these technologies for sustainable manufacturing in the context of Industry 4.0. Future research and development can build upon this work to further refine and scale the solution for broader industrial applications.