Topic:Teaching school-age chidren a breaststroke swimming style with an usage of dolphin wave. Goals:The goal of the thesis is to teach young children (6-9 years old) breaststroke swimming style by usage a dolphin wave. Methods:The thesis is mainly descriptive multi-case study. We used standardized and even non- standardized methods. The teaching method had been applied to a group of six children (6-9 years old) and analyzed by the diploma thesis author after its application. In the same time we teach another group of six children by standard breatststroke didactics method, so we were able to compare both methods. Results:The application of dolphin wave method into didactic of breaststroke swimming style has advantages and even disadvantages. The advantage is mainly freedom of movement, so children can use their creativity and sence to find the optimal movement. On the other hand the freedom is also disadvantage, since it can cause a little chaos at the beginning of the training. The successfulness of both methods was same. In both groups four children learnt the breaststroke and two did not. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Title Comparison of the loading rate during swimming with the load of various upthrust. Objective Comparison of physical intensity during swimming with the load of high upthrust and low upthrust. Methods The Method used in this work was quantitativ research in the pool with counterflow (Flum, FTVS UK). There were 7 people tested. The loading rate was observed by heart rate monitor with chest strap. It is randomized study with crossed design and the method of data eleboration was comparative analysis. Results The results compare physical intensity during swimming with high upthrust load and very low upthrust load. It shows the differences in intensity between swimming with various types of load. It was found, that swimming with the load of high upthrust causes lower physical intensity than swimming with the load of very low upthrust. Swimming with the load by pulling is just a bit preferable than pushing. The heart rate by pulling is lower about 2 - 7 bpm than pushing. Keywords Military swimming, upthrust of the load, heart rate, swimming with load.

TITLE The Choice of the swimming method, the most common mistakes when swimming with applicants for study at the Faculty of Education of Charles University AUTHOR Šárka Papežová DEPARTMENT Department of physical education SUPERVISOR PaedDr. Irena Svobodová ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the choice of swimming strokes in entrance examinations for a study at the College of Education, Charles University, and it also analyses the most common mistakes in individual swimming strokes with reference to accepted swimming rules. The problem is approached from the perspective of academic field of Physical Education and Teaching for Kindergartens and it is analysed with view of sex and age of the candidates. The thesis also turns to the characteristics of individual swimming strokes and mistakes in swimming. Statistical analysis of 5 years of records of entrance examinations were used in preparation of this thesis. KEYWORDS Swimming method, the front crawl, the breaststroke, the backstroke, respiration during swimming, statistic, physical education, teaching for infant school

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Izabel Katzer.pdf: 566998 bytes, checksum: 614a796bd05e530eed06282bbf0c345d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / The learning of motor skills is a complex process. Depending on the task, obtaining a high level of skill can take years of practice. Several factors may influence the acquisition of skills in the motor learning environment as a distribution, quantity and variety of practical experiences, mental practice, demonstration and a major factor, the feedback. This study aims at verifying the motor learning of the beginning crawl swimming style, using feedback after good trials and bad trials. The present study evaluated 48 adult students with a mean age of 25.11±5.345 years, the Associação Desportiva da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria- RS. In order to check the motor learning the front crawl test was used Motor Performance of the Crawl wimming Style Test (Corazza et al., 2006) for the pre and post tests. Students were divided into two groups with 24 subjects each: group 1 (G1) received feedback after good trials to group 2 (G2) received feedback after bad trials at practice. The post test was carried out after 10 lessons in order to assess the learning of crawl swimming style. The findings of the pretest for to G1 was 3.46±3.55 points and for the G2 was 3.46 ± 3.14 points. And the results on the posttest was for the G1 26.29±2.33 for G2 and 23.85±5.47 points. There was found a significant difference for both groups (p<0.001). This shows that both groups learned after the 10 lessons, however, confirming the study purpose, the G1 obtained better results when compared to G2 p<0.001. From the results it was observed that the group that received feedback after good trials had a superior performance in crawl swimming style compared to the group that received feedback after bad trials at practice. This may be because of the feedback provided after good trials and it might motivate students to continue practicing, it is much easier for the beginner in motor skill to maintain the pattern of movement for the next trial. / A aprendizagem de habilidades motoras é um processo complexo. Dependendo da tarefa, obter um alto nível de habilidade pode tomar anos de prática. Vários fatores podem influenciar na aquisição de habilidades no ambiente da aprendizagem motora como, sendo um dos principais fatores, o feedback. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a aprendizagem motora de iniciantes do nado crawl, utilizando feedback após boas e más tentativas. Fizeram parte desse estudo 48 adultos universitários com média de idade de 25,11±5,345 anos, da Escola de Natação da Associação Desportiva da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - RS. Para verificar a aprendizagem motora do nado crawl foi utilizado o Teste do Desempenho Motor do Nado Crawl de Corazza et al. (2006) para o pré e pós-testes. Os alunos foram divididos em dois grupos com 24 sujeitos cada: o grupo 1 (G1) que recebeu feedback após boas tentativas de prática e o grupo 2 (G2) que recebeu feedback após más tentativas de prática. Após 10 aulas de natação através da prática parcial progressiva, foi realizado o pós-teste para verificar a aprendizagem do nado crawl.Os resultados encontrados no pré-teste para o G1 de 3,46±3,55 pontos e para o G2 de 3,46±3,14 pontos. Já os resultados no pós teste para o G1 26,29±2,33 e para o G2 23,85±5,47 pontos. Foi encontrada uma diferença significante para ambos os grupos (p<0,001), o que mostra que ambos os grupos aprenderam após as 10 aulas, no entanto, confirmando hipótese do estudo, o G1 obteve resultados superiores quando comparado ao G2 (p<0,001). A partir dos resultados encontrados observouse que o grupo que recebeu feedback após boas tentativas teve um desempenho superior no nado crawl quando comparado ao grupo que recebeu feedback após más tentativas de prática. Esse fato pode ter ocorrido porque o feedback após boas tentativas além de motivar o aluno a continuar praticando, é muito mais fácil para o aluno iniciante numa habilidade motora manter o padrão do movimento para a próxima tentativa.

The thesis deals with a swimming training of asthmatic children and its impact on this disease. The work is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part the focus is on the description of the bronchial asthma, causes o fit as well as on the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, the importance of swimming for asthmatic children and how the water environment affects their health impairments are measured. The practical part is focused on swimming training of children who have been diagnosed with asthma. Various physiological parameters of children are being monitored during the training. These parameters include the frequency of breathing, heart rate, frequency of asthma attacks during swimming lessons from the first one to the last one. The last measured parameter is the of improvement or worsening of the conditions of swimmers (number of meters swimmed depending on time) - asthmatics, dependent on the swimming training. Keywords bronchial asthma, children diagnosed with asthma, spirometry, swimming, swimming training

1 ABSTRACT The objective of the diploma thesis is to create a rating scale that would be convenient for the evaluation of the swimming crawl technique of the early age school children. The assumption of the thesis is to specify a model technique, which is corresponding with the stage of development of the children and also formulates criteria for evaluation of the swimming crawl technique. The created scale is later used within a group of children from the swimming school Žabička. The theoretical part of the thesis consists of the closer look at the characteristic of the early age school children, specification of the model swimming crawl technique and possible deviation of this technique. To follow up on this knowledge, a rating scale yes/no is developed, as well as a record sheet and an evaluation procedure. For determination of the results is used a method of observing, scaling and a method of quantitative analysis of statistical data. The final research results revealed deviation from the crawl technique mostly in the body posture, movements of legs, movements of arms and coordination of breathing together with arm movements. KEYWORDS swimming, swimming crawl, rating scale, younger school age

Die Schwimmer des Deutschen Schwimmverbands verlieren zunehmend den Anschluss an die Weltspitze, was sich in einer sinkenden Anzahl von Medaillen bei internationalen Großereignissen äußert. Als Ursache wurden Mängel im langfristigen Leistungsaufbau identifiziert; in Folge dessen wurden spezifischere Inhalte für das Grundlagenausdauertraining gefordert, um die wettkampfspezifischen Kraftvoraussetzungen besser vorzubereiten. Da gezeigt werden konnte, dass die Atmung im Freistilschwimmen leistungsbegrenzend wirkt, sollte untersucht werden, wie sich durch ein gezieltes Training der Atemmuskulatur bislang ungenutzte Leistungsreserven erschließen lassen. Darüber hinaus sollte die Reaktion auf Hypoventilation unter Belastung getestet werden, da eine Analyse der Atemrhythmen international erfolgreicher Schwimmer ergeben hatte, dass sich niederfrequente Atmung im Wettkampf vorteilhaft auf die Leistung auswirkt. Dazu wurde eine Interventionsstudie mit 15 Nachwuchsschwimmern im Crossover-Design durchgeführt. Während des ersten und des zweiten Makrozyklus des Trainings- und Wettkampfjahres (TWJ) führten je sechs Sportler ein achtwöchiges Atemtraining mit einem POWERbreathe-Gerät durch. Zur Quantifizierung der Leistungsfähigkeit und der Veränderung physiologischer Parameter durch Training wurden vor und nach jeder Intervention Stufentests im Strömungskanal durchgeführt, wobei drei verschiedene Intensitäten und zwei Atemfrequenzen ausgewertet wurden. Das Hauptergebnis der Studie bestand in einer verbesserten Kraftfähigkeit und Ökonomie der Atemmuskulatur, was sich bei isolierter Belastung in Form einer Vergrößerung des maximalen Minutenvolumens zeigte und beim Schwimmen zu verringerten Laktatwerten und niedrigerer Zyklusfrequenz bei gleichbleibender Belastung führte. Die Trainingswirkung wird dabei auf eine weniger starke Ausprägung des inspiratorischen Metaboreflexes und eine Optimierung der Vortriebsphasen in Folge einer schnelleren Inspiration zurückgeführt. Durch das Atemtraining konnte die respiratorische Muskulatur in Trainingsphasen niedrigerer Intensität auf die höheren Belastungen im späteren Verlauf des TWJ vorbereitet werden. Der Einsatz eines solchen Trainings hat daher das Potential, die Leistungsfähigkeit von Freistilschwimmern zu steigern.:Einleitung Theoriepositionen: Anforderungen an die Atmung im Schwimmen Bewegungsstruktur und Atemverhalten im Wettkampf Atemphysiologie unter Belastung Atemtraining Forschungsdefizit Fragestellung Methoden: Arbeitsschwerpunkte und Lösungsweg Pilotstudie im Strömungskanal Hauptuntersuchung Methodenkritik Ergebnisse: Ergebnisse der Voruntersuchungen Auswertung des Atemtrainings Leistungsphysiologische Veränderungen durch Training Einfluss der Intensität auf leistungsphysiologische Parameter Einfluss der Atemfrequenz auf leistungsphysiologische Parameter Zusammenhänge zwischen leistungsphysiologischen Parametern und den Ergebnissen des POWERbreathe-Trainings Diskussion: Wirkung eines lokalen Krafttrainingsreizes auf die Atemmuskulatur und auf pulmonale Parameter Systemische Effekte eines Atemtrainings auf leistungsphysiologische Parameter Konsequenzen einer Atmungseinschränkung für die Energiebereitstellung Wirkung des Atemtrainings auf die Bewegungsstruktur Trainingswissenschaftliche Aspekte Fazit: Empfehlungen für die Durchführung eines Atemtrainings Zukünftige Fragestellungen Zusammenfassung und Ausblick / At present the athletes of the German swimming association are unable to keep up with the performance of the world’s leading swimmers. Thus, the number of medals achieved within international competitions decreases. Analyses could trace back this trend to deficits regarding the long-term athlete development. As a result, there are growing demands on increasing the specificity of the basic endurance training in terms of a more adequate preparation of race-specific strength capacities. Since studies showed that the efficiency of the respiratory system can limit exercise performance, the aim of this dissertation was to analyze the potential of a specific training of the breathing muscles to access reserve capacities in freestyle swimming. An evaluation of the breathing patterns of successful athletes showed that a low-frequency breathing pattern has a positive impact on freestyle performance, hence another goal of this study was to investigate the effect of hypoventilation during high intensity swimming. A crossover intervention study was conducted with 15 adolescent swimmers. During the first and the second macro cycle of the swimming season an eight week POWERbreathe training was performed by six swimmers each. Before and after each intervention incremental tests were conducted in a swimming flume to assess exercise capacity and the change of exercise physiological parameters in response to the training stimulus. Within this test protocol three graded exercise intensities and two different breathing frequencies were taken into account. The main result of the study was an improved strength and enhanced economy of the breathing muscles which resulted in an increased maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), decreasing levels of lactate and lower cycle frequencies during freestyle swimming at a given velocity. The training effect is based on the attenuation of the inspiratory metaboreflex and optimization of the propulsion phases due to a more rapid inspiration. Because of the breathing training the respiratory muscles were exposed to a high training stimulus within low-intensity swimming training periods which resulted in an improved preparation of higher swimming intensities in the later stages of the swimming season. Thus, the POWERbreathe training has the potential to enhance exercise performance of freestyle swimmers.:Einleitung Theoriepositionen: Anforderungen an die Atmung im Schwimmen Bewegungsstruktur und Atemverhalten im Wettkampf Atemphysiologie unter Belastung Atemtraining Forschungsdefizit Fragestellung Methoden: Arbeitsschwerpunkte und Lösungsweg Pilotstudie im Strömungskanal Hauptuntersuchung Methodenkritik Ergebnisse: Ergebnisse der Voruntersuchungen Auswertung des Atemtrainings Leistungsphysiologische Veränderungen durch Training Einfluss der Intensität auf leistungsphysiologische Parameter Einfluss der Atemfrequenz auf leistungsphysiologische Parameter Zusammenhänge zwischen leistungsphysiologischen Parametern und den Ergebnissen des POWERbreathe-Trainings Diskussion: Wirkung eines lokalen Krafttrainingsreizes auf die Atemmuskulatur und auf pulmonale Parameter Systemische Effekte eines Atemtrainings auf leistungsphysiologische Parameter Konsequenzen einer Atmungseinschränkung für die Energiebereitstellung Wirkung des Atemtrainings auf die Bewegungsstruktur Trainingswissenschaftliche Aspekte Fazit: Empfehlungen für die Durchführung eines Atemtrainings Zukünftige Fragestellungen Zusammenfassung und Ausblick

Title: Negative emotions in swimming lessons for people with mental disability Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the occurrence of negative emotions associated with swimming lessons in people with mental disabilities through selected methods. Other goals are to find out the nature of the occurrence and the possibility of influencing these emotions. The result of guided interviews and the subsequent synthesis of knowledge should be the development of principles that are causal for the prevention and possible positive influence of negative emotions associated with swimming instruction in people with mental disabilities. Research questions 1. Do people with mental disabilities experience negative emotions in connection with swimming lessons? 2. On what basis do these emotions arise? 3. How can these emotions be prevented? 4. How can these emotions be positively influenced? Hypotheses I. In the swimming lessons of people with mental disabilities, we encounter negative emotions. II. It is possible to find out on the basis of what these emotions arise. III. Negative emotions can be positively influenced. IV. If these emotions are positively influenced, the individual's motor learning will be accelerated. Methods: Semi-structured interview, which will be evaluated on the basis of...

Bibliographic identification ŠATRA, Michal: The historical development of the technique of swimming styles in connection with changes in the rules [Diploma thesis]. Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport. Department of Swimming. Supervisor: Mgr. Babeta Chrzanowská. Prague: FTVS UK, 2012. Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of the techniques of each individual swimming style on the basis of all available materials and to discover its connection with significant changes in the respective style's rules. The purpose of this thesis is to point out the most important changes in the rules of swimming within their historical context. A DVD which contains a practical demonstration of various swimming styles forms part of this work. Keywords Swimming, free style, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly, swimming style, swimming technique, historical development, contemporary style, rules, historical photos, DVD.