The work presents an overview of swimming pool disinfection technologies of selected operations. Selected indoor and outdoor pool operations were to be described, and the use of chlorine and chlorine-free disinfectants was to be determined and the data evaluated. These goals were met in the theoretical part of the thesis, which presents the current methods of treatment and disinfection of swimming pool water and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The comparison includes advantages and disadvantages, use and costs of disinfection methods, individual water quality indicators, and their importance and measurements. The work also focuses on microbiological and chemical health risks from swimming pool water. The practical part described the technologies of swimming pool water treatment in six selected swimming pool operations, focusing on the use of chlorine and chlorine-free disinfectants and their operation. Another 27 operators in the Czech Republic (combined, indoor and outdoor) were contacted in writing for the survey. A total of 27 indoor and 23 outdoor operations were compared in the survey.

Aim  The purposes of this study were to investigate if the load-velocity (L-V) profile parameters – force capacity and efficiency - differ between swimmers of different performance level, and to investigate if efficiency is the key performance indicator between international elite and national elite level swimmers.  Method  Fifty-four swimmers (27 female and 27 male) of either regional level, national elite or international elite level, participated in this study. The swimmers performed three 25 m semi- tethered maximum effort swims with ascending loads (1 kg, 5% and 10% of body mass). Mean velocity during three stroke cycles mid-effort was calculated and plotted as a function of the external added load. A linear regression was established, expressing the relationship between load and velocity, with the intercepts between the axes and the regression line being defined as the theoretical maximum velocity (V0) and load (force capacity, L0). The slope of the regression line (slopeLV) serves as an index of efficiency. Results A statistically significant difference was found between the three performance levels for all L- V profile variables for front crawl: V0 (F [2, 51] = 7.76, p<0.001), L0 (F [2, 51] = 5.18, p=0.009), and slopeLV (F [2, 51] = 3.36, p=0.043). A paired t-test revealed no difference in slopeLV between matched international elite and national elite level swimmers (t [9] = 1.42, p=0.188), but a near significant difference in L0 (t [9] = 2.11, p=0.064) . Both slopeLV and L0 for front crawl had a strong correlation with personal best in 100 m front crawl (PB100). Conclusion Efficiency was not found to be the key performance indicator between matched international elite and national elite swimmers in this study, and neither was force capacity. Nevertheless, a significant difference in all front crawl L-V profile parameters was found between performance level groups, but post hoc analyses indicated no difference between adjacent performance levels neither in L0 nor slopeLV. There was however a strong correlation between both slopeLV, and L0, to the swimmers’ PB100. All these findings imply that efficiency and force capacity seem to be of equal importance for high performance, but swimmers use different strategies to reach the high swim velocity. / Longitudinal development of performance determining factors in swimming (NIH)

This diploma thesis deals with bathing children, especially infants and toddlers, in indoor swimming pools. It focuses primarily on the potential health and hygiene risks of this activity. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part provides a deeper insight into the field of artificial swimming pools, is dedicated to current as well as first ever legislation, in more detail is dedicated to the hygienic requirements for swimming pools according to Decree no. 238/2011, as amended; describes the process of pool water treatment, provides an overview of possible types of disinfecting pool water treatment and comparison within the advantages and disadvantages, describes indicators of water quality and their importance, and mostly focuses on hygienic and health risks in connection with the visit of indoor pools. Gives examples from practice (epidemic), mentions the most common sources of pollution including the most common violations of visitors. The theme of hygienic and health risks is then divided according to the origin of risk to the microbiological part (dedicated to infectious agents), to chemical part (disinfection by products) and to the part of accident risks and risks associated with the water temperature. The thesis is also keenly interested in the views of experts for bathing children, especially infants and toddlers, in indoor artificial pools. Research in the practical part was made by a qualitative method using secondary data analysis (operational and guest regulations, operational logbooks for 2015, the results of laboratory analysis of pool water for the 2015, laws and decrees), participant observation and interviews. The research was conducted in indoor swimming pools in towns Jihlava and Prachatice, which run swimming courses for infants and toddlers as well as for older children. For research, I set the following goals: C1: To monitor the microbiological and the physical-chemical indicators of the pool water quality in relation to Decree no. 238/2011 Coll., as amended, in pre-selected artificial indoor pools during annual operation. C2: To focus on the health status of children (infants and toddlers) in swimming classes. C3: To find out the knowledge and attitudes of visitors (parents) and trainers in the field of hygiene principles for swimming in artificial pools and risks arising from them. Based on the targets I have set the following research questions: V1: Are the monitored microbiological and physico-chemical water quality limits exceeded, and if so, which and under what circumstances? V2: What health problems, if they occured, did infants and toddlers after regular visits of indoor pools have ? V3: Are these children suffering from allergic diseases, and if so, from what type? V4: What knowledge and attitudes do visitors (parents) and lecturers in the field of hygienic principles for swimming in artificial pools and potential risks have? This thesis may serve the general public to extend the knowledge in the field of bathing (not only the children) in artificial pools and to give a view on this subject from different perspectives, as well as operators of swimming pools as an information material.

Bakgrunn:I norske levekårsundersøkelser oppgirinnvandrere at de hardårligere helse enn resten av befolkningen. Et mål i norsk integreringspolitikk er å fremmelevekår for innvandrerbefolkningen. Fysisk aktivitet slik som svømming har en sosial og kulturell verdi i det norske samfunnet,samtidig som det er en forebyggende innsats vedat manglende ferdigheter i svømming bidrar til at innvandrergrupper har høyere risiko for å drukne. Hensikt: Formålet med studien var åutvikle et svømmekurs som en helsefremmende intervensjon for kvinner med innvandrerbakgrunn og undersøke om svømmekurset bidro til økte svømmeferdigheter og sosial integrering. Metode: Å utføre enintervensjon gjennom et svømmekurs med deltagelse fra 16 kvinner fra 6 forskjellige land.Triangulering av metoder med spørreundersøkelser, gruppeintervjuerog observasjoner fra 15.november 2012 til 26. oktober 2013. Forskningsspørsmål har søkt svar innenfor temaene øktesvømmeferdigheter, sosial integrering ogandre faktorer som kunnepåvirke helsetilstanden til kvinner med innvandrerbakgrunn. Kvalitativ innholdsanalyse ble brukt for å analysere det kvalitative datamaterialet. Resultat: Deltagerne visteøkte svømmeferdigheter parallelt med økt trygghetsfølelse i forhold til vann fra kursstart til kurset varavsluttet. Deltagerne viste en kulturell åpenhet og personlig utvikling som ble synlig gjennom utvidet sosialt nettverk på tvers av kulturer og utvidet omfang av sosiale aktiviteter slik sombruk av offentlig basseng. Andre funn var en bedre selvopplevd helse og at deltagernefungerte som rollemodellerfor egen familie og venner med tanke på ålære svømmeferdigheten. Konklusjon: Denne intervensjonen visteat aktivitet tilrettelagt for kvinner med innvandrerbakgrunn fremmet faktorer som haddeen positiv effekt på helsetilstanden, Dette gjennombedring av svømmeferdigheter,og sominngangsport til sosial integrering / Background:Norwegian surveys have reported that the health of immigrants compares negatively with the health of the general population. Norwegian society emphasizes thesocial and cultural value ofphysical activity such as swimming,andintegration policypromotes improved living conditions for immigrants. Moreover, inability to swim heightens the risk of drowning. Purpose: This study aimed to develop swimming instruction as a health-promoting intervention among immigrant women.It also examined whether such swimming lessons improve women's health by increasing skills and social integration. Method: Sixteen women from six different countries participated in swimminglessons between 15 November 2012 and 26 October 2013. This thesis used a triangulation of methods (i.e., surveys, group interviews,and observations)to investigate whether increased swimming skill, social integration, and other factors affect the health of immigrant women. I used qualitative content analysis to evaluate alldata. Results: As immigrant women became better swimmers, their sense of security in the water improved. Additionally, swimming enhanced cultural openness and personal development, and participants’ social networks expanded across cultures. Public swimming pools increasedsocial activity. Finally, as participants’perceptions of their own health improved,they encouraged their family and friends to learn how to swim. Conclusion: This intervention shows that activities organized for immigrant women promote factors that have a positive effect on health, such as improved swimming skills. Swimmingis a gateway to social integration / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-67-6</p>

Tyrimo objektas – jėgos rodikliai įtakojantys sportinį rezultatą plaukime. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti kai kurių jėgos komponentų įtaką sportiniam rezultatui plaukime. Uždaviniai: 1. Identifikuoti plaukikų raumenų aktyvavimo ir jėgos pasireiškimo ypatybes plaukimo judesiuose. 2. Nustatyti ir palyginti skirtingo meistriškumo moterų plaukikių peties išorinio ir vidinio sukimo jėgos komponentus esant kampiniui greičiui 60 ° / s. 3. Nustatyti ir palyginti skirtingo meistriškumo vyrų plaukikų peties išorinio ir vidinio sukimo jėgos komponentus esant kampiniui greičiui 60 ° / s. 4. Išaiškinti skirtingo meistriškumo plaukikų raumenų disbalanso rodiklius. Hipotezė - didelio meistriškumo plaukikų dinaminių (jėga, galingumas) charakteristikų rezultatai yra aukštesni nei vidutinio meistriškumo plaukikų. Išvados: 1. Mokslininkai tyrinėję raumenų funkcijas plaukimo metu išskiria šias ypatybes: 1.1 Plaukiko judesių visumoje išskiriami 48 labiausiai reikšmingi raumenys, kurių tarpe pagrindinės raumenų grupės padedančios plaukikui judėti į priekį yra kaklo, rankų, liemens bei kojų raumenys, kurių funkciniam parengtumui turi būti skiriama daugiausia dėmesio. 1.2 Plaukime yra išskiriamos 4 plaukimo jėgos pasireiškimo formos: maksimalioji jėga, staigioji jėga, greitumo jėga bei ištvermės jėga. Kiekvienoje atskirai paimtoje plaukimo distancijoje šių jėgos parsireiškimo formų reikšmingumas yra savitas. 2. Didesnio meistriškumo moterų plaukikių peties išorinio ir vidinio sukimo jėgos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research object – strength factors that have influence on the sport results in swimming. The aim of the research – to examine some of the strength components which have an influence on the results in swimming. Tasks: 1. Identify the swimmer's muscle activation and the force characteristics in the swimming movements. 2. To identify and compare the different levels of swimmers shoulder external and internal rotation force components at angular speed of 60 °/s. 3. To identify and compare the different levels of swimmers shoulder external and internal rotation force components at angular speed of 60 °/s. 4. To clarify the different levels of swimmers muscles imbalance rates. Hypothesis – Higher skill swimmers dynamic (force, power) characteristics are better than the lower - skill swimmers. Conclusions: 1. Researchers have explored muscle function at swimming movements distinguishes these features: 1.1 In swimmer’s movements there are 48 most important muscles groups, including: neck, arms, torso and leg muscles which help swimmer’s to move forward. 1.2 Swimming distinguished 4 swimming force application forms: peak strength, explosive power, speed and strength endurance strength. Those forces have different impact on every different swimming distance. 2. Higher level women swimmers shoulder external and internal rotation strength ratios are better than lower-skill swimmers. 3. Higher level men swimmers shoulder external and internal rotation strength ratios are better than... [to full text]

There is great controversy regarding the methods in attenuating the epidemic of being overweight and obese among our population. For years, low-fat diets have been prescribed as the best approach to solving this problem, however, low-carbohydrate diets have become increasingly popular despite the widespread opinion that they result in large reductions in muscle tissue and function. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a Step-I and carbohydrate-restricted (ketogenic) diet on changes in body mass (BM), fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), and resting metabolic rate (RMR). Eight overweight men (>25% body fat) consumed Step-I (<30% fat) and ketogenic (<10% carbohydrate) diets for 6 weeks in a randomized cross-over design. Body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and RMR were examined before and after each diet. Energy intake was significantly reduced during the Step-I (1506 kcal/day) and ketogenic (1766 kcaL'day) diets compared to habitual dietary intake (2443 kcal/day). The following changes in body composition were observed during the Step-I and ketogenic diets, respectively: BM -4.1 and -5.9 kg, FM -3.5 and -4.4kg, LBM +0.1 and -1.7kg. The changes in RMR for the Step-I and ketogenic diets respectively were -155 and -26 kcal/day, relative RMR -0.68 and +0.81 kcal/kg BM. Although changes in BM, LBM, and FM tended to be greater during the ketogenic diet and changes in both absolute and relative RMR tended to be greater during the Step-I diet, no significant differences were noted between diets. These data indicate that hypoenergetic diets greatly differing in macronutrient distribution result in similar changes in body composition and that very low-carbohydrate diets do not result in significant losses in LBM and metabolic rate. / School of Physical Education

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet är att undersöka hur idrottslärare i grundskolan bedriver och utformar sin simundervisning. <ul type="disc">Vilka möjligheter eller hinder anser idrottslärare påverkar deras simundervisning? Hur gör idrottslärare för att alla elever ska nå kunskapskraven i simning? Hur konkretiserar idrottslärare kunskapskraven i simning? Metod Denna studie består av intervjuer utförda med sex idrottslärare på grundskolan. Intervjuerna var riktat öppna och hade förutbestämda frågeområden. För att hitta intervjupersoner skedde först ett handplockat urval av kommuner i Stockholmsområdet, sedan ett slumpmässigt urval för att få fram skolorna. Lärarna kontaktades sedan via mail. Alla intervjuer skedde på skolorna där lärarna själva arbetade. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades sedan. De valda teoretiska ramverken för denna studie är ramfaktorteori och Lindes teori om de tre utbildningsarenorna. Resultat Utöver sin ordinarie simundervisning erbjuder alla skolor någon form av extra undervisning för de elever som är i behov av det, ofta i form av simskola men också rest- och extratillfällen. Gällande de två kunskapskraven i simning råder det skillnader mellan lärarna i avseende hur de tolkar och betygsätter, både mellan och inom respektive kunskapskrav. Lärarna i studien är dock ganska eniga om tolkningen och betygsättningen av kunskapskravet gällande simkunnighet, medan hur de tolkar och betygsätter det andra kunskapskravet om nödsituationer vid vatten skiljer sig mer åt. Simundervisningen verkar framförallt styras av ramfaktorer, såsom tid, avstånd till simanläggning, ekonomi och ledning.    Sammanfattning Simundervisningen verkar inte ha ändrats allt för mycket jämfört med när vi själva gick i skolan. Hur idrottslärare bedriver sin simundervisning tycks bero på hur lärarna tolkar kunskapskraven och utformningen styrs framför allt av ramfaktorer, såsom tid, avstånd till simanläggning, ekonomi och ledning. / Aim The aim of this study is to investigate how teachers in physical education (PE) in primary school practise and shape their swimming education. <ul type="disc">What possibilities or obstacles do PE teachers think affects their swimming education? How do PE teachers make sure that every student reach the knowledge requirements in swimming? How do PE teachers concretize the knowledge requirements in swimming? Method This study consists of interviews with six primary school teachers in PE. The interviews were direct-open and had predetermined question areas. To find teachers to interview we first did a hand-picked selection to single out the municipalities, then we did random samples in each municipality to find schools. The teachers were then contacted by email. All interviews took place at the school were the teacher in question worked. The interviews were then recorded and transcribed. The theoretical frameworks we have chosen for this study are frame factor theory and Linde’s theory of the three domains of education. Results A part from their ordinary swimming education, all schools offer some sort of extra education for those students who are in need of it. When it comes to the two knowledge requirements in swimming there are differences between the teachers in how they interpret and grade, both between and within each knowledge requirement. The teachers in the study, however, are quite unanimous about the interpretation and grading of the knowledge requirement about swimming ability. They are not as unanimous about the other knowledge requirement about emergency situations in water. Swimming education seems to be controlled by frame factors such as time, distance to a swimming facility, economy and management. Summary Swimming education appears to be the same now as it was when we were in primary school. How PE teachers practise their swimming education seems to depend on interpretation of the knowledge requirements. The shape is mainly regulated by frame factors, such as time, distance to a swimming facility, economy and management.

This thesis is aimed on the topic of swimming training on the first grade of primary school. The theoretical part is processed according to available resources, history and importance of swimming, characterized by basic swimming training of children at school age and younger. The practical part is focused on the research sample, a swimming schools and children who participated in basic swimming training. Following sections of this thesis are analyzing the research sample, which consists of swimming instructors in selected schools. This research sample was examined in terms of detection effectiveness and impact of swimming training on the results of graduate (or maturity) of swimming courses. This thesis map the swimming training of primary school students, especially in terms of periodicity and teaching effectiveness. The aim of the thesis is to elaborate a comprehensive overview of the current situation in basic swimming training.

3 ABSTRACT Title: Comparison of lactate level at the same load in a swimming treadmill and on a bicycle ergometer Subject: 6 students (3 girls and 3 boys) from the first year of Bachelor's study at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of the Charles University at the age of 20,5 years ± 3 years took part in this research. Goal of the research: To compare demands of the load in the swimming flume with the same load on the bicycle ergometer, mainly at the level of the anaerobic threshold. Methods: We tested students by the method Critical Swimming Speed (CSS) for finding out their anaerobic threshold. Then students swam physical tests in the swimming treadmill - flume. The test consists of three 6 min parts. The first part of the swimming test was under the level of the CSS, the second part was at the level of the CSS and the third part was above the level of the CSS. We used the device for measuring the beat frequency (sport-testers) for obtaining information about changes of the heart rate (HR) during tests. Afterwards we accomplished tests on the bicycle ergometer, where we maintained HR at the same levels as in the load in the flume. We measured level of blood lactate (LA) after every 6 min part in the flume and on the ergometer. We statistically processed resulted values of LA by the Wilcoxon...

Diploma thesis "Psychomotricity in swimming education of preschool children" focuses on the use of psychomotor activities when teaching preschool children swimming. The theoretical part describes in detail, all according to available sources, the terms related to psychomotricity, development and swimming of a preschool child. The practical part of thesis focuses on the fact, whether it is beneficial and appropriate to apply psychomotor activities in swimming education. Further it strives to find out how big is the psychomotor awareness of Czech swimming instructors.