Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T00:01:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_6874_Dissertação - Matheus Brunoro Dilem.pdf: 3396145 bytes, checksum: 23d4b2f43ce73a4286b75baac4e3e12e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-21 / A demanda de novas tecnologias de transporte de dados cada vez mais velozes e com garantias de QoS (Quality of Service), ocasionadas pelo crescimento do tráfego da Internet, traz um grande desafio na área de redes de telecomunicação. As redes ópticas de transporte se apresentam como uma solução para as elevadas taxas de transmissão. No intuito de tornar as redes de núcleo mais flexíveis e ajustadas à dinamicidade e heterogeneidade das demandas, a ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector) desenvolve uma série de recomendações abordando as mais diversas características das redes OTN (Optcial Transport Network), no contexto das redes de núcleo, determinando suas funcionalidades. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo desenvolver uma proposta de arquitetura OTN Switch, com o funcionamento da cross-conexão e da multiplexação de sinais ópticos e digitais presentes nas redes OTN. Para tal, sua arquitetura basea-se nas recomendações geradas pela ITU-T, tornando-a capaz de prover interoperabilidade com equipamentos já existentes.

We are presenting an overview of MEMS-based (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) optical switch technology starting from the reflective two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) MEMS implementations. To further increase the speed of the MEMS from these devices, the mirror size needs to be reduced. Small mirror size prevents efficient reflection but favors a diffraction-based approach. Two implementations have been demonstrated, one using the Texas Instruments DLP (Digital Light Processing), and the other an LCoS-based (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) SLM (Spatial Light Modulator). These switches demonstrated the benefit of diffraction, by independently achieving high speed, efficiency, and high number of ports. We also demonstrated for the first time that PSK (Phase Shift Keying) modulation format can be used with diffraction-based devices. To be truly effective in diffraction mode, the MEMS pixels should modulate the phase of the incident light. We are presenting our past and current efforts to manufacture a new type of MEMS where the pixels are moving in the vertical direction. The original structure is a 32 x 32 phase modulator array with high contrast grating pixels, and we are introducing a new sub-wavelength linear array capable of a 310 kHz modulation rate.

Les progrès récents de la microfluidique, la biologie synthétique, la microscopie automatisée rendent aujourd'hui possible le contrôle externe de l'expression des gènes en temps réel. Parmi les défis que devra relever le domaine du contrôle externe et temps-réel de l'expression des gènes, se trouve la possibilité de contrôler des réseaux de régulation génique aux dynamiques complexes et multi-stables et le contrôle de multiples gènes en parallèle. Pour faire avancer le domaine dans cette direction nous avons étudié la contrôlabilité d'un réseau bistable composé de deux gènes, appelé genetic toggle switch, ou bascule génétique, autour de son point d'équilibre instable sur de longues périodes. Dans ce document, nous présentons la mise en place d'une plateforme de contrôle externe de l'expression des gènes en cellule unique, ainsi que le développement d'un châssis cellulaire bactérien et d'une librairie de circuits de bascules génétiques à contrôler. Nous utilisons la plateforme pour diriger et maintenir notre système génétique dans sa région d'instabilité avec des techniques de stabilisation à la fois en boucle ouverte et en boucle fermée. Nous démontrons non seulement que les plateformes de contrôle in silico peuvent être utilisées pour contrôler un système génétique dans un état hors-équilibre, nous démontrons aussi la possibilité de maintenir une population de cellules dans leur région d'instabilité à l'aide de stimulations périodiques en boucle ouverte. Ces résultats suggèrent l'émergence de régimes de stabilité différents dans des réseaux de régulation génique lorsqu'ils sont soumis à des environnements fluctuants, et peuvent fournir de nouvelles perspectives dans l'étude de la prise de décision cellulaire. Nous présentons aussi une nouvelle approche pour l'analyse d'images de microscopie qui exploite l'information cachée dans plusieurs plans focaux autour du spécimen au lieu d'utiliser seulement un seul plan focal. L'objectif de cette méthode est d'identifier automatiquement les différentes parties d'une image à l'aide de techniques d'apprentissage-machine inspirées de l'imagerie hyperspectrale. La méthode facilite la segmentation de l'image et peut être facilement adaptée à différents organismes / Recent progresses in microfluidics, synthetic biology and microscopy automation now make it possible to control gene expression externally and in real time. Among the challenges facing the field of external real-time control of gene expression is the control of intricate, multistable gene regulation networks as well as the control of several target genes at the same time. To advance the domain in this direction we studied the controllability of a simple bistable two-genes network, the so-called genetic toggle switch, in the vicinity of its unstable equilibrium point for extended periods of time. Throughout this document, we present the development of a custom control platform for external control of gene expression at the single-cell level as well as a bacterial cellular chassis and a library of toggle switch genetic circuits for us to control. We use the platform to drive and maintain our genetic system in its region of unstability with both closed-loop and open-loop strategies. Not only do we demonstrate that in silico control platforms can control genetic systems in out-of-equilibrium states, we also notably maintain a population of cells in their unstable area with open-loop periodic stimulations. These results suggest the possible emergence of different regimes of stability in gene regulation networks submitted to fluctuating environments, and can potential insights in the study of cellular decision making. We also introduce a new approach for microscopy image analysis which exploits information hidden in several focal planes around the specimen instead of using only a single-plane image. The objective of this method is to automatically label different parts of an image with machine learning techniques inspired by hyperspectral imaging. The method is then shown to facilitate segmentation and be easily adaptable to various different organisms

This master’s thesis is focused on the design of a functional reliable computer network for primary school. The master ‘s thesis analyses the current state of the communication infrastructure of the primary school and the own solution is implemented based on this analysis. Part of the solution deals with implementation of an application for distance education and the basic setup of the school computer server. The master ‘s thesis contains the design of cable routing routes, selection of active elements, Gantt chart of the project and economic evaluation of the whole project.

The master’s thesis is focused on desing high-speed ethernet switch based on circuit FPGA. The switch is able to divide one data stream, created from ethernet frames to the two data streams with half data flow.

There is an increased interest in the Conductive Bridge Random Access Memory (CBRAM) and Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) because of their excellent scaling potential, low power consumption, high switching speed, good retention and endurance properties. Although, various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the switching behavior in CBRAM devices, i.e. metal ion migration and subsequent formation and rupture of conductive filament, formation of conductive path via oxygen ion transport etc, there are still many aspects of these mechanisms that are little understood or are being disputed. This work probes the details of the switching mechanisms on a new level and asks questions like: 1) How is the formation of nanofilament affected by various degrees of Cu diffusion stopping power of the inert electrode? To answer this question, resistive switches with very thin Cu layers covering the Pt electrode were fabricated and analyzed. 2) How does a limited source of active ions impact the formation and rupture of nanofilaments? To answer this question, new samples with limited Cu supply were fabricated and analyzed. 3) What is the mechanism of nanofilament formation in Pt/TaOx/Pt resistive switches where the active copper electrode is removed and replaced by inert Pt electrode. 4) What are the most suitable conditions (material structure of the device and operation conditions) to set and reset multi nanofilaments? This work summarizes the current status of analysis of the data obtained while attempting to explain interesting phenomena like volatile switching and multiple filament formation experienced by modifying the switch structures. / Master of Science

Pastaza Kichwa is a Quechuan language spoken in eastern Ecuador. This thesis describes its use of switch-reference which is traditionally understood to be an interclausal cross-referencing feature. Switch-reference is manifested by one of two morphemes that mark a subordinate clause as having either the same or different subject as another clause. Switch-reference has been described for other Quechuan languages and some of these studies present challenges to the theoretical underpinnings of switch reference (Stewart 1988, Dreidemie 2007) others present associated functions of switch-reference morphemes (Cole 1982). This study tests some of the propositions made about switch-reference in other Quechuan languages in Pastaza Kichwa.The data comes from the Corpus of Pastaza Kichwa which is a collection of 40 narrative texts. A broad statistical analysis of the switch-reference morphemes in the forty texts verified a distributional pattern posited by Stewart (1988). A sample of five texts was used for a closer in context analysis to examine adherence to proposed typological rules of canonical switch-reference, to test Stewarts (1988) motivation for counter examples, and test additional functions proposed by Cole (1982).Analysis and results indicate that switch-reference in Pastaza Kichwa does not obey all of the typological rules of canonical switch-reference. Stewarts proposed motivation proved inapplicable and potentially problematic, and that associated functions of switch-reference markers are due more to contextual factors rather than specific constructions.

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It is well established in developmental science that 14-month-old infants have significant difficulty associating pairs of objects with pairs of words that differ by a single phoneme (i.e., minimal pairs). This study used a traditional switch procedure in two experimental conditions (i.e., no face versus face with shifting gaze) to habituate infants with objects and minimal pair labels. Additionally, infants participated in a joint attention task and parents completed questionnaires related to family demographics and infant health and development, to compare to switch task performance. It was expected that infants' difficulty with minimal pair associative learning would be replicated in the no face condition. It was also predicted that the addition of a female face and the cues it could provide would abate the challenge that this task typically presents. As a group, infants' performances in the two conditions were not significantly different from each other and were not significantly different from chance. Analyses explored the relations between switch performance, joint attention task performance and questionnaire data, resulting in a significant correlation between performance in the face condition of the switch task and number of ear infections (r = .62, p < .05). Taken together, the addition of a female face with shifting gaze to a challenging word learning task does not sufficiently attenuate the cognitive load created by the task. The implications of these results are discussed further. / Master of Science