Dans le domaine du véhicule électrique, la chaîne de traction allant de la batterie de stockage aux roues en passant par le moteur constitue le cœur du système. Elle bénéficie régulièrement d’innovations technologiques rendant ce véhicule de plus en plus attractif. Actuellement, les motorisations proposées par les constructeurs sont classiques, de type synchrone à rotor bobiné, à aimant permanent ou asynchrone. De conception éprouvée et dotées de lois de commande complexes et parfaitement maîtrisées, elles offrent de bonnes performances.Cependant, les industriels explorent de nouvelles motorisations moins conventionnelles permettant de réduire leur coût de fabrication, tout en maintenant les performances. Une des solutions possibles est la machine à réluctance variable à double saillance (MRVDS). En effet, elle est de conception simple et constituée de matériaux peu couteux. Son rotor complètement passif lui confère une très bonne robustesse et une vitesse de rotation élevée, nécessaire à une certaine compacité.Néanmoins, son pilotage est beaucoup plus complexe que pour les autres machines, elle est relativement bruyante et son couple présente des ondulations non négligeables.Nos travaux ont pour but de contribuer à l’amélioration des performances de la MRVDS du point de vue contrôle, caractéristiques de couple et efficacité énergétique sur une plage de vitesse importante. Ils ont alors été conduits selon deux axes : un axe commande et un axe conception.Afin de satisfaire un contrôle du couple le plus parfait possible, de nouveaux régulateurs de courant à la fois performants et relativement simples à implémenter sur cible logicielle ont été présenté dans un premier temps. Ensuite, nous avons proposé une implémentation partitionnée de la commande de la MRVDS sur cibles logicielle et matérielle. L’objectif est ici de conserver les performances de la commande dans le cas de l’utilisation d’un processeur économique, dont la période d’échantillonnage serait relativement importante, et tout particulièrement à haute vitesse. Une carte FPGA (Fied Programmable Gate Array) a alors été mise en œuvre.Pour améliorer les caractéristiques de couple en fonction de la vitesse ainsi que le rendement de l’ensemble moteur-convertisseur, une nouvelle structure de MRVDS non conventionnelle a été proposée. Elle est munie d’un bobinage auxiliaire créant une excitation magnétique dans chaque phase.Une étude a d’abord été menée à l’aide de simulations basées sur un nouveau modèle. Elle a permis de mettre en évidence les avantages d’une excitation par rapport à une MRVDS classique. Afin de valider les résultats, un prototype a ensuite été conçu, réalisé et expérimenté.Une part importante de ces travaux a ainsi été consacrée à la mise en œuvre de plateformes expérimentales et à la réalisation de nombreux essais permettant de valider les développements théoriques, tant du point de vue commande sur une MRVDS 8/6 que conception sur une MRVDS 6/4. / For electric vehicles, traction from storage battery to the wheels through the engine is the heart of the system. It regularly enjoys technological innovations making this vehicle more attractive. Currently, machines offered by manufacturers are classic, synchronous and induction machines. With complex laws, they offer good performance.However, manufacturers are exploring new unconventional machines to reduce their manufacturing cost while maintaining performance. One possible solution is the switched reluctance machine (SRM). Indeed, its design is simple and made of inexpensive materials. Its rotor completely passive gives it a very good robustness and high rotational speed required for certain compactness. However, its operation is much more complex than for other machines, it is relatively noisy and has significant torque ripple.Our work contributes to the improvement of SRM’s performance in terms of control torque characteristics and global efficiency over a large range speed. They were driven on two axes: one control axis and one design axis.To satisfy a torque control as perfect as possible, new currents controller both efficient and relatively simple to implement on software target were first presented. Then we proposed a SRM's control implementation on hardware and software targets. The objective is to maintain the performances in the case of an important sampling period, especially at high speeds. So an FPGA circuit (Fied Programmable Gate Array) was used.To improve torque characteristics depending on the speed, and global efficiency, a new SRM structure has been proposed. It is provided with an auxiliary coil creating a magnetic excitation in each phase. A study was initially conducted using simulations based on a new model. It helped to highlight the benefits of excitement compared to a conventional SRM. To validate the results, a prototype was then designed, built and tested.An important part of this work has been devoted to the implementation of experimental platforms and implementation of numerous tests to validate the theoretical developments, both in terms of control on a 8/6 SRM and design on a 6/4 SRM.

A máquina a relutância chaveada ganhou considerável atenção da comunidade científica com o desenvolvimento da eletrônica de potência e é considerada hoje uma máquina elétrica promissora para algumas aplicações, principalmente aquelas onde há a necessidade de operação em velocidade variável seja como motor ou como gerador. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta a dinâmica de funcionamento de uma máquina a relutância chaveada, com uma estrutura 6 x 4, ou seja contendo seis pólos no estator e quatro pólos no rotor, operando no modo gerador. A dinâmica de funcionamento é apresentada e comparada através de resultados experimentais e resultados simulados em ambiente Matlab/Simulink. Os resultados experimentais foram possíveis devido a construção de um protótipo da máquina e da montagem de uma bancada de testes. O projeto desenvolvido para construção do protótipo e da bancada de testes é apresentado neste trabalho. / Switched reluctance machines have received considerable attention from the scientific community due to advances in power electronics, and now is considered a promising electric machine for some applications, especially where variable speed operations are needed for motor or generator. Therefore, this work presents the dynamics of a switched reluctance machine, operating as a generator, with 6 x 4 structure, i.e., six stator poles and four poles in the rotor. Experimental results, which were obtained from a machine prototype installed on a test bench, were compared with Matlab/Simulink computational simulations. The designing aspects for the prototype construction are also discussed in this work.

Although the design principles of the Switched Reluctance Machines (SRMs) are available in different fragments in numerous bibliography positions, there no exists the complex design procedure of whole drive system taking into account the SR Machine, control system and supply device as well. The hybrid design method for SRM drives with application of new analytical calculation methods, finite element method and simulation models is proposed in this thesis. The calculation/design system is characterised by important effectivity and reliability. The new possibilities in analytical determination of saturation effects and core losses under various modes of control, including sensorless method, are also taken into account. The correctness of the proposed design algorithms are verified by laboratory tests made on three motor prototypes manufactured in industry for concrete application. This dissertation provides the elements indispensable for more accurate and complex analysis and design of drives with switch reluctance motors. The elements of electrical motor and control system design as well as the considerations on the choice of supply device and controller subsystems are jointed in the thesis for final receiving of the design tool for considered industrial drive system.

Ce travail de recherche est réalisé dans le cadre d'une collaboration internationale entre l'Université Technique de Cluj-Napoca en Roumanie et l'Ecole Centrale de Lille en France. Cette thèse a comme premier objectif, de réduire l’ondulation de couple d’une machine triphasée 6/8 à réluctance variable grâce aux paramètres de contrôle dans le mode de fonctionnement moteur et générateur. Par conséquent, un modèle analytique a été développé et mis en œuvre dans un environnement de calcul numérique. Un outil d'optimisation permettant de trouver les meilleurs paramètres de contrôle a été utilisé. Toutefois, le processus d’optimisation est très lent.En conséquence, une stratégie pour réduire le temps du processus d'optimisation sans abaisser la précision des résultats est proposée. Une stratégie de ‘mapping’ est utilisée entre un modèle grossier mais rapide et un modèle fin mais lent. Un travail est mené sur le choix du modèle grossier, dans le cadre d’un modèle fournissant des valeurs en fonction du temps. Deux stratégies de ‘mapping’ ont été utilisées dans cette thèse : l’‘Output Space Mapping Proportional’(OSMP) et le Manifold Mapping (MM). Ces deux stratégies sont utilisées pour déterminer les paramètres de contrôle optimaux. Le problème d’optimisation est ensuite complété en ajoutant des variables géométriques au processus d’optimisation du contrôle. Les outils développés sont ensuite utilisés dans le cadre du dimensionnement par optimisation d’un alterno-démarreur automobile. Finalement, des expériences et des essais sur un prototype de Machine à RV sont menés afin de valider les résultats du processus d'optimisation en mode moteur et générateur. / The switched reluctance machine has a simple construction making it cheaper in execution but one of the drawbacks of this machine is the torque ripple. This thesis had as first target, the usage of an optimization tool to calculate the best control parameters to correct this major drawback in motor and generator operation modes. Hence, an analytical model that takes into account the machine geometry and that is able to be simulated in both operation modes by adjusting the commutation angles was provided and implemented in a calculation environment. The second target of this work is to investigate a method to reduce the optimization time without lowering the accuracy of the results. The strategy used in the optimization process is known in literature as the space mapping technique, more precisely for this thesis output space mapping proportional and manifold mapping were studied. After testing them on a mathematical model it was possible to continue the investigation on defining the optimal control parameters of a three-phases 6/8 SR machine prototype, being able that further to use this strategy in a much complicated process, i.e. defining the right geometry and control of a SR machine to be used in automotive integrated starter alternator systems. The final target of the thesis was to conduct experiments and tests on the existing prototype in order to partially validate the results of the optimization process.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Luis Azcue Puma / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2016. / Este trabalho apresenta o controle direto de potencia do gerador de relutancia variavel de 12/8 utilizando o controlador fuzzy PI auto-ajustavel e o controle vetorial do inversor conectado à rede eletrica. Inicialmente são estudados os principios de operação da maquina e a topologia do conversor eletronico de potencia que sera utilizado para aciona-lo. Usando o software de simulaçãoMatlab/Simulink é implementado o modelo da maquina de relutancia variavel utilizando as curvas caracteristicas, de corrente e torque, que foram extraídas utilizando dados experimentais. Utilizando o modelo da maquina é projetado o controlador de velocidade para sua operação no modo motor. Tambem sera projetado o controlador de potência PI utilizando o modelo estimado do sistema de conversão de energia eólica. A partir dos ganhos do controlador PI é projetado o controlador fuzzy PI autoajustavel com o objetivo de melhorar a resposta em regime permanente da potencia controlada. A potencia gerada pelo gerador de relutancia variavel é injetada à rede eletrica, atraves do controle independente das potencias ativa e reativa, para este proposito é utilizado um conversor trifasico de dois níveis. Na parte experimental deste trabalho foi implementado o controle de corrente por histerese para maquina operando no modo motor, posteriormente foi implementado o controle de corrente e controle da tens~ao no barramento CC para a máquina operando no modo gerador. Os resultados de simulação e experimentais se mostraram coerentes validando os controladores propostos. / This work presents the direct power control of the switched reluctance generator of 12/8 using the self-tuning fuzzy PI controller and the vector control for inverter connected to the grid. Initially, the machine's operating principles and the topology of the power electronics converter used to drive this machine are studied. The model of switched reluctance machine is implemented in Matlab/Simulink simulation software using the characteristic curves of current and torque extracted using experimental data. Using the machine's model, It is designed the speed controller for its operation in motor mode. Also, the PI controller is designed for the power control loop based on the estimation of the wind energy conversion system. Using the gains of the PI controller, It is designed the self-tuning fuzzy PI controller, in order to improve the steady state response of the power control loop. The power generated by the switched reluctance generator is injected into the power grid through the independent control of active and reactive power, for this purpose is used a three-phase two level converter. In the experimental part of this work was implemented the hysteresis current control for machine operating in motor mode, also, It was implemented the current and DC bus voltage control for the machine operating in generator mode. The simulation and experimental results were proved consistent and these results validate the proposed controllers.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alfeu Joãozinho Sguarezi Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2017. / Neste trabalho é estudado o gerador de relutância variável 12/8 aplicado em sistemas de geração eólica. Para a conexão do gerador com a rede elétrica será empregado o conversor em ponte assimétrico que compartilha o barramento de corrente contínua com um inversor. O conversor assimétrico tem a função de controlar a tensão no elo de corrente contínua e emprega controladores PIs para este fim. Já, o inversor conectado à rede elétrica controla as potências injetadas na rede por meio da técnica de controle orientado por tensão empregando controladores PIs. Analisou-se também as condições da máquina em termos de indução magnética através de simulações computacionais, pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos, com intuito de verificar e estimar os níveis de indução garantindo que a operação do controle atue de fato em condição de não saturação da máquina. Resultados das simulações de operação do gerador conectado à rede elétrica trifásica e dos níveis de indução magnética são apresentados para validar a proposta. / This academic work examines the switched reluctance generator 12/8 applied in wind power generation systems. A asymmetric bridge converter shares the DC link with an inverter that allows generator connection to the power grid. The asymmetric half bridge converter has the function of controlling the voltage of the DC link and uses PI controllers for this purpose. Already, the inverter connected to the grid controls the power injected into the grid across voltage oriented controle by employing PIs voltage controllers. It was also analyzed the machine conditions in terms of magnetic induction through computational simulations, by the Finite Element Method, in order to verify and estimate the induction levels, ensuring that the operation of the control actually acts in the condition of non-saturation of the machine. Results of the operation simulations of the generator connected to the three-phase electric grid and the magnetic induction levels are presented to validate the proposal

A máquina a relutância chaveada ganhou considerável atenção da comunidade científica com o desenvolvimento da eletrônica de potência e é considerada hoje uma máquina elétrica promissora para algumas aplicações, principalmente aquelas onde há a necessidade de operação em velocidade variável seja como motor ou como gerador. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta a dinâmica de funcionamento de uma máquina a relutância chaveada, com uma estrutura 6 x 4, ou seja contendo seis pólos no estator e quatro pólos no rotor, operando no modo gerador. A dinâmica de funcionamento é apresentada e comparada através de resultados experimentais e resultados simulados em ambiente Matlab/Simulink. Os resultados experimentais foram possíveis devido a construção de um protótipo da máquina e da montagem de uma bancada de testes. O projeto desenvolvido para construção do protótipo e da bancada de testes é apresentado neste trabalho. / Switched reluctance machines have received considerable attention from the scientific community due to advances in power electronics, and now is considered a promising electric machine for some applications, especially where variable speed operations are needed for motor or generator. Therefore, this work presents the dynamics of a switched reluctance machine, operating as a generator, with 6 x 4 structure, i.e., six stator poles and four poles in the rotor. Experimental results, which were obtained from a machine prototype installed on a test bench, were compared with Matlab/Simulink computational simulations. The designing aspects for the prototype construction are also discussed in this work.

La commande intermittente a pour but principal d'augmenter le rendement de l'ensemble machine-convertisseur par une réduction des pertes. Dans le but de maintenir le couple moyen de la machine requis par la charge, cette commande augmente le couple de référence et éteint quelques phases pendant chaque période électrique ou chaque période mécanique. Par ce fait, elle réduit les pertes du convertisseur et les pertes ferromagnétiques de la machine. Elle dispose également d'une liberté de sélection des phases activées qui influence des fréquences générées du courant, de la force radiale et du couple. Par conséquent, cette stratégie de la commande intermittente, qui est appelée le glissement, peut éviter l'excitation de fréquences naturelles du stator, ou bien celles de la chaine cinématique. Elle a pour but de réduire les effets négatifs de la commande intermittente vis-à-vis de comportements vibratoire du stator et pulsatoire de la chaine cinématique qui sont respectivement à l'origine du bruit acoustique et des à-coups mécaniques. En fin, la commande intermittente est validée sur des cycles de conduite et peut économiser jusqu’à 5,17 % de l’énergie électrique consommée. / The intermittent control aims to increase the efficiency of the machine-converter system by reducing the losses. In the purpose to maintain the average torque of the machine required by the load, this control increases the reference torque and turns off some phases during each electrical period or each mechanical period. By this fact, it reduces the converter losses and the ferromagnetic losses of the machine. It also has a freedom in the selection of the activated phases which influences the generated frequencies of the current, the radial force and the torque. Therefore, this strategy of the intermittent control, which is called sliding strategy, can avoid the excitation of the natural frequencies of the stator, or those of the drivetrain. It aims to reduce the negative effects of the intermittent control vis-à-vis the vibration of the stator and the pulsation of the drivetrain which are respectively at the origins of acoustic noise and mechanical jerks. Finally, the intermittent control is validated on driving cycles and can save up to 5.17 % of the consumed electrical energy.

De nos jours, les véhicules électriques et hybrides ont suscité un très grand intérêt en raison de préoccupations environnementales et énergétiques. Dans ces véhicules, les machines électriques utilisées sont des machines conventionnelles asynchrones et synchrones à aimants permanents. La machine à réluctance variable est une technologie candidate potentielle pour les chaînes de traction électriques et hybrides. Cette machine conçue sans aimants et redondante peut réunir la robustesse et le faible coût de la machine asynchrone aux bonnes performances de la machine synchrone à aimants permanents. Dans ce contexte, le premier objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des stratégies de commandes robustes de la machine à réluctance variable par la prise en compte des contraintes des chaînes de traction électriques en vue de réaliser une étude comparative des performances. Dans cette étude, les commandes proposées sont les commandes classiques de type PI, les commandes par mode glissant et les commandes par mode glissant d'ordre supérieur. Le deuxième objectif consiste à développer des observateurs d'état pour la commande sans capteur de position mécanique de la machine à réluctance variable. Des observateurs robustes basés sur la théorie du filtre de Kalman étendu et les modes glissants sont synthétisés pour atteindre cet objectif. Enfin, le troisième objectif est de faire une analyse des défauts électriques de type circuit ouvert de l'étage électronique de puissance par l'approche signal afin de développer une méthodologie de détection et de localisation automatique de ces défauts. / Nowadays, electric and hybrid vehicles are gaining increased attention due to environmental and energy concerns. In these vehicles, the electrical machines used are the conventional machines, namely induction and permanent magnet synchronous machines. The switched reluctance machine is a potential candidate technology for electric and hybrid drivetrains. This machine designed without magnets and redundant windings, can combine the robustness and low cost of induction machines to the good performance of permanent magnet synchronous machines. In this context, the first objective of this thesis is to propose robust control strategies of the switched reluctance machine, taking into account the constraints of electric vehicles in order to make a comparative performance study. In this study, PI control, sliding mode control and higher order sliding mode control are proposed. The second objective is to develop state observers for sensorless control. Robust observers based on extended Kalman filter theory and sliding modes are synthesized to achieve this goal. Finally, the third objective is to make an analysis of electrical open-circuit faults of the electronic power stage using the signal approach in order to develop a methodology of automatic fault isolation.

Although the design principles of the Switched Reluctance Machines (SRMs) are available in different fragments in numerous bibliography positions, there no exists the complex design procedure of whole drive system taking into account the SR Machine, control system and supply device as well. The hybrid design method for SRM drives with application of new analytical calculation methods, finite element method and simulation models is proposed in this thesis. The calculation/design system is characterised by important effectivity and reliability. The new possibilities in analytical determination of saturation effects and core losses under various modes of control, including sensorless method, are also taken into account. The correctness of the proposed design algorithms are verified by laboratory tests made on three motor prototypes manufactured in industry for concrete application. This dissertation provides the elements indispensable for more accurate and complex analysis and design of drives with switch reluctance motors. The elements of electrical motor and control system design as well as the considerations on the choice of supply device and controller subsystems are jointed in the thesis for final receiving of the design tool for considered industrial drive system.