Text in German and English, summaries in German and English / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-154) / Diese theologisch-empirische Studie befasst sich mit einem ganzheitlichen Verständnis von Mission im pfingstlich-charismatischen Kontext und besteht aus zwei Untersuchungen. In der ersten wird Literatur zum Paradigma ganzheitlicher Mission und zur Pfingstbewegung missionstheologisch erforscht. Die zweite Untersuchung baut auf der Literaturanalyse auf und bezieht sich exemplarisch auf eine pfingstliche Freikirche aus der Schweiz namens BewegungPlus. Mithilfe von offiziellen Dokumenten der Bewegung und ihres internationalen Zweigs, wie auch in Interviewaussagen leitender Personen von Lokal kirchen der Bewegung, wurde das Missionsverständnis untersucht. Die Auswertung der Interviews orientierte sich methodisch an der Grounded Theory. Aus den Resultaten beider Untersuchungen wurden thesenartige Schlussfolgerungen gezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der missionstheologische Paradigmenwechsel im pfingstlich- charismatischen Kontext rezipiert wird. Die Integration pfingstlicher und ganzheitlicher Mission ist am Beispiel der BewegungPlus zu beobachten, vor allem, wenn Mission und Eschatologie in einer Reich-Gottes-Theologie verbunden sind. Der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erfolgte Beitrag aus pfingstlich-charismatischer Perspektive kann die aktuelle Missions diskussion erweitern. / This empirical theological study dealing with a holistic understanding of mission in an pentecostal context contains two studies. The first investigates literature focused on the paradigm of holistic mission and the Pentecostal Mission. The second study based on this literature analysis refers to an example of a pentecostal Church in Switzerland named „BewegungPlus“. The understanding of mission was investigated by examining official documents of the movement and by taking interviews with leading members of local churches. The evaluation of the interviews was methodologically based on the Grounded Theory. From the results of both studies theses-like conclusions were drawn. The results show that the mission theological paradigm shift is received in the pentecostal-charismatic context. In „BewegungPlus“ you can see the integration of both pentecostal and holistic mission especially when mission and eschatology are connected to a Kingdom of God theology. The pentecostal-charismatic perspective seen in this theses may contribute to the contemporary missional discussion. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Text in German / Die vorliegende Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit inkarnatorischer Verkündigung, indem sie danach fragt, wie die christliche Botschaft heutzutage ganzheitlich präsentiert werden kann. Sie soll sowohl die Bevölkerung als auch Kirchen und Gemeinschaften eines urbanen Kontextes erreichen und dazu ermutigen, die Wirklichkeit der Guten Nachricht zu leben. Die Untersuchung definiert, wie ein inkarnatorisches Verständnis von Predigt als Ausdruck der kenotischen Partizipation, der kerygmatischen Leiterschaft und der sozialen Dimension aussieht und wie dieses in der mikro-, meso- und makrosozialen Ebene umgesetzt werden kann. Basierend auf dem Anspruch des Neuen Testaments, dass das Reich Gottes im Messias nahe herbeigekommen ist, dienen die Literaturstudie (deduktiv) und die qualitativen Experteninterviews (induktiv) der Erörterung des Untersuchungsgegenstandes. In einem mehrsprachigen Umfeld, in welchem die christliche Gemeinschaft fragmentiert und multikulturell existiert, kann der besprochene Ansatz zur Dialogfähigkeit, wechselseitigen Wertschätzung und vertieften Konzilianz beitragen. Ein inkarnatorisches Verständnis christlicher Verkündigung vermag Widerständen unterschiedlicher Art zu trotzen. Sowohl innerkirchlich als auch nach aussen gerichtet, kann ein gemeinsames Zeugnis der Gemeinschaften und Kirchen vor Ort wachsen. Die Sprach- und Handlungsfähigkeit einer auf Sammlung und Sendung ausgerichteten Ekklesiologie wird gefördert. / The presented research deals with incarnational preaching by asking how the Christian message can be presented nowadays so that both the population as well as churches and communities of an urban setting can be reached and encouraged to live and experience the Kingdom of God. The study defines what a incarnational understanding of preaching as an expression of kenotic participation, kerygmatic leadership and the social dimension looks like, and how this can be implemented in the micro-, meso- and macro social level. Based on the New Testament’s claim that in the Messiah the Kingdom of God is at hand, literature study (deductive) and expert interviews (inductive) will discuss the object of study. In a multilingual environment with a fragmented and multicultural Christian community, the discussed approach can contribute to dialog ability, mutual respect and reconciliation. An incarnational view of Christian preaching is able to defy various kinds of opposition. As a result a common witness of communities and local churches can grow – directed both within and outside the church. The ability to act and speak of a gathering- and missionoriented ecclesiology is promoted. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

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Text in German / Summary in German and English / Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau in kleinen Gemeinden anhand von acht Interviews mit Pastoren kleiner Pfingstgemeinden, welche anhand der Methode von Grounded Theory und Teilen der SWOT-Analyse ausgewertet wurden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Diskussion um den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau in kleinen Gemeinden anzuregen, wie auch das Potenzial kleiner Gemeinden sichtbar zu machen. Nach einer thematischen Einführung entlang eines historischen Überblicks über die Paradigmen der Weltmission und der Beleuchtung der aktuellen Diskussion um den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau, wird nach einer kurzen Einführung der Methoden auf die Resultate der Auswertung der Interviews eingegangen. Danach werden diese anhand von SWOT analysiert. Die daraus resultierenden Strategievorschläge werden dann abschliessend ins Gespräch mit der behandelten Literatur gebracht. / The present essay investigates the missionary church building of small churches by means of eight interviews with ministers of small pentecostal churches evaluated by the method of Grounded Theory and parts of the SWOT analysis. The aim of this essay is to stimulate the discussion about the missionary church building in small churches as well as make appear the potential of small churches. A thematic introduction along with a historical survey over the paradigm of the world-wide mission and examining the current discussion about the missionary church building of the church is followed by a short introduction of the methods. Then the results of the interview evaluations are entered in and analysed by SWOT. Finally the conclusions of the strategic suggestions are brought under dialogue with the literature that has been dealt with. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / A changed security environment after the end of the Cold War forced Switzerland, Austria, and Sweden to reassess their security policy. New threats and challenges such as international terrorism, WMD, organized crime, the greater disparity of wealth and increased migration have replaced traditional military threats. Larger non-military concerns like peacekeeping operations, hu-manitarian support, and support to civil authorities have replaced territorial defense. All of which require international cooperation. Following a comprehensive security strategy, Switzerland, Austria, and Sweden aim to defend their territory, protect their population, and fostering international peace and security. Austria and Sweden focus on the integration and solidarity with the Euro-pean Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Switzerland retains its perpetual neutrality, but has shown increased international cooperation. Austria and Sweden model their Armed Forces after the EU Petersberg Tasks and have small peacetime organizations with a professional cadre and annual conscripts. The Swiss Armed Forces XXI focus on territorial defense and are organized in accordance with universal conscription and wartime organization policies. Traditional political, social, and economic aspects hinder Switzerland from following a straightforward strategy toward solidarity and fundamental change in its Armed Forces. Switzerland's new security policy and its Armed Forces XXI do not fully meet the requirements to fight new threats and challenges together with the international community. / Lieutenant Colonel, Swiss Air Force

Wastewater epidemiology is an emerging discipline that requires collaborative research involving analytical chemists, drug epidemiologists, and wastewater engineers. Wastewater epidemiology involves the sampling and quantitative analysis of raw wastewaters from communities for illicit drugs and their metabolites. Mass loads (mass per day) and per capita (mg per day per person) are then calculated from concentrations and indicate the approximate quantity of illicit drugs used and excreted by the community. Limitations to wastewater epidemiology include that the population served by wastewater treatment plants within a day and between days is not well known. In addition, biodegradation of illicit drugs during transit in sewers may affect the concentration and mass flows that reach wastewater treatment plants. This thesis describes a series of studies conducted by an international collaboration between scientists and engineers from the United States and Switzerland to answer these two limitations. The experimental approaches for these studies used included high-frequency wastewater sampling strategies, the use of creatinine as a human urinary biomarker, as well as the use of unique locations as test sites including an open community, a prison in the state of Oregon, and a 5 km section of sewer in Zürich Switzerland. In Chapter 2, the diurnal study on the mass flows of illicit drugs or metabolites was formed over four days in a municipality with a population of approximately 55,000 people. The diurnal trends in illicit substances vary by substance. The high (g/day) mass flows of caffeine, methamphetamine, and creatinine indicate that lower-frequency sampling (approximately one sample per h) may representatively capture the use and excretion of these substances. However, lower and episodic mass flows of cocaine and its primary human metabolite, benzoylecgonine, indicate that higher-frequency is needed to accurately assess the use of the cocaine within the municipality. Normalization of illicit substances to creatinine gave between-day trends in illicit and legal substances that differed from non-normalized trends. Resident use of cocaine and methamphetamine were indicated by normalized mass flows that increased during early morning hours while commuters are largely absent from the community. Chapter 3 describes a series of experiments conducted at an Oregon state prison. The prison setting provided a unique opportunity to study a nearly-fixed population of individuals and their corresponding mass flows of illicit substances, the number of doses per person consumed, as well as an opportunity to quantify the level of agreement between numbers of individuals and the measured mass flows of creatinine. Methamphetamine use was more prevalent than cocaine/benzoylecgonine in the prison over the one month study in which single daily (24 h) composite samples of wastewater were collected. The hypothesis that the mass flows of methamphetamine and cocaine would be lower on days on which random urinalysis testing (RUA) is typically conducted by the prison (Monday-Thursday) was rejected. While the mass flows (mg/d) of methamphetamine were less than those for a nearby open community, the number of estimated doses per person was higher for the prison population. A higher number of positive RUA results were obtained for methamphetamine while none were positive for cocaine, which is consistent with the data obtained from wastewater. The hourly (diurnal) trend in methamphetamine mass loads indicated continual methamphetamine use/excretion inside the prison while cocaine and benzoylecgonine were detected in five hourly composite samples. Use of methamphetamine and cocaine by inmates could not be unambiguously distinguished from that of non-inmates (employees and visitors). The observed diurnal trends in creatinine mass loads were similar to those of an open community and are indicative of the general pattern of human wakefulness/activity. Predicted creatinine mass loads based on the total prison (inmates + non-inmates) were in good agreement with the measured mass loads, which indicates the potential use of creatinine as a quantitative population indicator. Additional research on the biodegradability of creatinine is needed because the prison setting was deliberately selected to minimize the potential for creatinine biodegradation. Chapter 4 addresses the data gap that exists on illicit drug transformation during in situ transit in sewers. The rates of in situ biodegradation have not yet been determined for conditions that are relevant to sewers, which include low to variable oxygen concentrations, the presence of a biofilm, and temperatures ≤ 20 °C. For this reason, two tracer tests were conducted in a 5 km stretch of sewer located near Zürich, Switzerland. The stable-isotope forms (deuterated) of cocaine and benzoylecgonine were injected into flowing wastewater and three locations up to 5 km downstream were sampled over time. Breakthrough curves were constructed from measurements of cocaine-d3 and benzoylecgonine-d3 concentration with time. The area under the curve (mass) was determined by integrating concentration over time. Benzoylecgonine-d3 was present in the injectate that should have only contained cocaine-d3; because the benzoylecgonine-d3 formation prior to injection is not known. The injected mass of cocaine-d3 did not decline over the 5 km distance. The observed mass of cocaine-d3 at 5 km was 10% greater than at 500 m, which indicates that the transformation of cocaine was not significant over the 1.5 h experiment. At 5 km downgradient, the apparent mass of benzoylecgonine-d3 had increased by 35% over that observed at 500 m. However, the apparent increase in benzoylecgonine-d3 mass was not accompanied by a corresponding loss of cocaine-d3. While uncertainty is apparent in the increase of both cocaine-d3 and benzoylecgonine-d3, the ratio of cocaine-d3/benzoylecgonine-d3 is subject only to analytical error because any errors associated with sampling and the integration of masses cancel out. The ratio of cocaine-d3/benzoylecgonine-d3 declined from 2.98 in the injectate to 1.66 at Location 3, which indicated a greater increase in benzoylecgonine-d3 relative to cocaine over the 5 km distance. Due to the benzoylecgonine-d3 that was present in the injectate, any biodegradation of cocaine-c3 to form benzoylecgonine-d3 could not be unambiguously distinguished. During the second tracer test in which benzoylecgonine-d3 was injected, the mass of benzoylecgonine-d3 did not significantly decline, which suggests that the apparent loss of benzoylecgonine-d3 during the cocaine-d3 test cannot be attributed to in-situ biodegradation. Overall, while uncertainty exists about the integrated masses for cocaine-d3 and benzoylecgonine-d3, the 5 km distance was too short in order to observe a significant loss of cocaine-d3 and formation of benzoylecgonine-d3. Recommendations for future research include conducting analysis on the injectate solution to ensure that only cocaine-d3 is introduced so that any formation of benzoylecgonine-d3 is readily apparent and quantifiable. In addition, the tracer tests should be repeated in a longer section of sewer to increase the residence time beyond 1.5 hr and degradation products of benzoylecgonine-d3 should be monitored including ecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester. / Graduation date: 2013 / Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from Jan. 7, 2013 - Jan. 7, 2014

Not available / text

Univ., Diss. M. H. Bischof/05--Basel, 2004.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Tübingen, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.