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Music theory of Hildegard of Bingen’s era articulated a cosmological worldview, providing thinkers with a way of understanding human beings, the world, the heavens, and how they all interact with each other in musical terms. Hildegard was familiar with this music theory through her theological predecessors. This dissertation argues that a better understanding of Hildegard’s theology requires a deeper consideration of how this musical cosmology influenced her because of the way music pervades her work. Music theory is a major piece of what undergirds her Benedictine, liturgical worldview. To demonstrate this, I take up the task of explicating and illuminating Hildegard’s Christology in terms of her understanding of music and music theory. This task is different from previous scholarship which analyzes Hildegard’s writing about music in terms of her broader theology. I bridge the gap between musicologists and liturgists, on the one hand, who focus on Hildegard’s theology of music but neglect broader consideration of her theology and, on the other hand, theologians who acknowledge music as an integral part of Hildegard’s life but largely consider her theological visions in abstraction from it. I argue that Hildegard uses music theory to define and explicate Christ and Christ’s interactions with the world, sometimes explicitly, but primarily implicitly. Her theological vision centers Christ in a resounding universe. By understanding Christ as symphonia, Hildegard emphasizes the Son’s unique relationship with humanity. While readers cannot understand every aspect of Hildegard’s Christology by considering music theory, music theory helps to illuminate it in a particular way, enabling us to understand Hildegard’s theology more deeply. Thus, this study provides an example for how future scholars can continue to interpret Hildegard’s understanding of various theological loci. In addition, it submits Hildegard as an example of how to unite music/liturgy and theology in a fruitful way for both the Academy and the Church. / 2025-04-25T00:00:00Z

Connaitre et appréhender les mécanismes de la diversification des espèces est important pour la gestion des écosystèmes, la prévision des impacts des changements climatiques et la compréhension de la biodiversité actuelle et passée. Le but de cette thèse est de comprendre et de déceler les mécanismes génétiques à l’origine de la diversification des espèces en présence de flux de gènes. Cette thèse se focalise sur le modèle biologique Symphonia globulifera, qui compte deux écotypes : le S.globulifera spécialiste de la terra firme et le S.sp1, spécialiste des bas-fonds. Ces deux écotypes montrent une faible différenciation génétique, malgré la présence de deux phénotypes différents.Une première étape a été de mettre en évidence la présence d’une adaptation locale au sein de cette espèce, par le biais d’une expérimentation de jardins de transplantation réciproques, permettant d’expliquer la répartition des écotypes dans leur habitat naturel. Ensuite, dans le but d’identifier les mécanismes sous-jacent à cette adaptation locale, j’ai testé l’hypothèse que la méthylation des gènes pourrait être une marque de l’épigénétique contribuant à la divergence des écotypes, par l’utilisation d’enzyme sensibles à la méthylation dans un protocole de génotypage AFLP. Enfin, un séquençage haut-débit du transcriptome des écotypes en jardins de transplantation réciproques m’a permis de mettre en évidence une expression différentielle des gènes entre les écotypes, qui pourrait expliquer les différences phénotypiques observées entre les écotypes malgré une faible différentiation génétique. Ces travaux de thèse s’appuie, ainsi, sur des données de traits phénotypiques, de génotypage AFLP et de séquençage à haut débit du transcriptome pour montrer la valeur importante de la régulation des gènes dans la divergence des écotypes adaptés localement, et un faible rôle de la méthylation de l’ADN dans l’établissement cette adaptation locale. / Understanding of the mechanisms driving diversification of species is a significant way to improve the management of ecosystems, predict the impacts of climate change and understand the actual and past biodiversity level. The aim of this thesis is to understand and comprehend genetic mechanisms behind the diversification of species in the presence of gene flow. This thesis is focused on the biological model Symphonia globulifera, which presents two ecotypes: the S.globulifera, specialist of seasonally flooded lowlands and S.sp1, specialist of terra firme. These two ecotypes show low genetic differentiation, despite the presence of two apparent phenotypes. A first part of this thesis was to test the presence of local adaptation of this using reciprocal transplant experiment gardens, allowing the understanding of the ecotypes distributions in their natural habitats. Then, this local adaptation in the presence of gene flow, directed me to the regulation of gene methylation in order to see the role this brand of epigenetics can have in the divergence of the ecotypes. In a third part of the thesis, new generation sequencing of the transcriptome ecotypes in reciprocal gardens transplantations allowed me to show the evidence of gene regulation to differentiate the ecotypes. This work thesis is based on phenotype records data, AFLP genotyping and high-throughput sequencing of the transcriptome, in order to show the important value of gene regulation in the divergence of the locally adapted ecotypes, and a weak role of DNA methylation in the establishment of local adaptation.

La guttiférone A , appartenant à la famille des PPAPs ou Acyle Phloroglucinol Polycycliques Polyprénylées, est une molécule extraite à partir d’un arbre tropicale, le Symphonia globulifera. Cette matière première est abondante et peut être facilement obtenue. De plus, elle présente de nombreuses activités biologiques, lui conférant un potentiel pharmacologique très intéressant. Trois approches ont été effectuées durant ces travaux. La première fût l’utilisation de microorganismes pour effectuer des biotransformations. L’utilisation de levures a permis de synthétiser la 3,16-oxy-guttiférone A, forme xanthone de la guttiférone. Le second axe a été d’utiliser des outils chimiques pour obtenir des dérivés de la guttiférone A. Dans un premier temps, une vingtaine d’analogues éther et ester du catéchol a été synthétisée, certains de ces composés ont montré un meilleur indice de sélectivité sur les parasites. Une synthèse sélective de xanthone par une réaction de couplage phénolique oxydatif a également été étudiée. Nous avons pu obtenir par cette approche la 3,16-oxy-guttiférone A, la 1,16-oxy-guttiférone A et la 1,12-oxy-guttiférone A. Ces réactions ont aussi donné accès à des dérivés xanthone hydroxylée jamais décrits dans la littérature. Enfin, un travail préliminaire de phytochimie sur les graines et feuilles du Symphonia globulifera a été réalisé, permettant d’isoler des analogues de la guttiférone A, la guttiférone C et D, ainsi que d’autres molécules comme des bisflavonoides et des xanthones. / Guttiferone A, belonging to the PPAPs family (Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols), is extracted from a tropical tree called Symphonia globulifera. This raw material is abundant and can be easily obtained. In addition, it has many biological activities, giving it a very interesting pharmacological potential. Three approaches were used in this work. The first was the use of microorganisms to perform biotransformations. The use of yeast allow the synthesis of 3,16-oxy-guttiférone A, a xanthone derivative of guttiferone A. The second theme was the use of chemical tools for guttiferone A derivation. First, twenty ether and ester catechol analogs were synthesized, some of these compounds showed a better selectivity index of parasites. Selective synthesis of xanthone by phenolic oxidative coupling reaction was also studied. We obtained by this approach the 3.16-oxy-guttiferone A, 1,16-oxy-guttiferone A and 1,12-oxy-guttiferone A. These reactions have also provided some hydroxylated xanthone never described before in the literature. Finally, preliminary phytochemical work on seeds and leaves of Symphonia globulifera lead to the isolation of guttiférone A analogues such as guttiférone C and D, as well as other molecules such as bisflavonoides and xanthones.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-06-05T11:08:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_CaracterizacaoFarmacognosticaFisico.pdf: 1550483 bytes, checksum: 463faf53ee91720a83b7d05db03f43a4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-09-08T16:50:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_CaracterizacaoFarmacognosticaFisico.pdf: 1550483 bytes, checksum: 463faf53ee91720a83b7d05db03f43a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-08T16:50:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_CaracterizacaoFarmacognosticaFisico.pdf: 1550483 bytes, checksum: 463faf53ee91720a83b7d05db03f43a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / FAPESP - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Symphonia globulifera Linn. f., popularmente comumente conhecida como anani, citada em relatos de utilização popular em diferentes países, como Camarões, e em várias regiões do Brasil, principalmente na Amazônia, no tratamento de inflamações na pele, tônico geral e laxante para mulheres grávidas, além de sua seiva/látex ser empregada contra reumatismo e tumores. Embora alguns trabalhos tenham descrito o perfil fitoquímico de S. globulifera, não existem estudos, até o presente, avaliando as propriedades botânicas, químicas (análise térmica) e farmacêutica (spray dryer) desta planta. Assim, foram utilizadas metodologias clássicas contidas em farmacopéias e métodos analíticos mais modernos. Os resultados obtidos para a caracterização botânica são: as células epidérmicas de ambas as faces da folha são heterodimensionais. O complexo estomático é do tipo anomocítico encontrado apenas na face abaxial. O pecíolo apresenta-se plano-convexo revestido por células quadrangulares e espessa cutinização. A caracterização do pó são: a análise granulométrica classifica-o como sendo grosso. Na perda por dessecação foi de 9%; no teor de cinzas totais foi de 4,3%; com a análise térmica foi possível verificar em TG entre 31 a 100°C a primeira perda de massa de 7,8%, em DTA a 64°C um evento endotérmico e em DSC a 84°C um evento endotérmico de 169 J/g; o perfil espectroscópico na região do IV sugere a presença de compostos fenólicos. Enquanto os resultados para a tintura e extrato liofilizado são: densidade aparente de 0,97%g/mL; pH de 6; percentual de resíduo seco de 9%; na prospecção química verificou-se a presença de saponinas, açúcares redutores e fenóis e taninos para o extrato e algumas frações; na análise térmica em TG foi encontrado uma perda de massa de 6,55% entre 28 a 100°C, em DSC somente um evento exotérmico a 169°C; o perfil espectroscópico na região do IV apresentou bandas de absorção forte características de alcoóis e fenóis. No processo de secagem, os excipientes que apresentaram os melhores resultados foram aerosil 40% e celulose microcristalina mais aerosil na proporção de 35:5. O extrato apresentou características antioxidantes. A matéria-prima vegetal também foi ii testada quanto a sua atividade antimicrobiana e antifúngica, fornecendo resultados positivos para algumas cepas testadas e apresentado atividade bactericida para frações acetato de etila e hexânica. O extrato e a fração hexânica apresentaram atividade fungistática,Todos esses resultados contribuem para futuros estudos com essa planta, aumentando assim seu valor agregado. / Symphonia globulifera Linn. f., commonly known as anani cited in reports of popular use in different countries such as Cameroon, and in several regions of Brazil, mainly in the Amazon, in the treatment of skin inflammations, general tonic and laxative for pregnant women, and its latex to be employed against rheumatism and tumors. Although some studies have described the phytochemical profile of S. globulifera, there are no studies to date, assessing the botanical properties, chemical properties (thermal analysis) and pharmaceuticals (spray dryer) of this plant. Thus, classic methodologies were used contained in pharmacopoeias and modern analytical methods. The results for the botanical characterization are: the epidermal cells of both sides of the sheet are heterodimensionais. The stomatal complex is anomocytic type found only on the abaxial surface. The petiole is presented coated plano-convex cells cutinização square and thick. The characterization of the powder are: particle size analysis classifies it as being rude. Loss on drying was 9% in total ash content was 4.3%, with the thermal analysis we observed in TG between 31 and 100°C at the first mass loss of 7.8% in the DTA 64°C and a DSC endothermic event at 84°C an endothermic event of 169 J/g, the spectroscopic profile in the region of the IV suggests the presence of phenolic compounds. While the results for the dye and dried extract are: bulk density of 0.97% g/mL, pH 6; percentage of dry weight of 9% in chemical prospecting verified the presence of saponins, reducing sugars and phenols and tannins to extract and some fractions, the thermal analysis TG was found in a mass loss of 6.55% from 28 to 100°C, only one event in DSC exotherm to 169°C, the spectroscopic profile in the region IV showed bands of strong absorption features of alcohols and phenols. In the study using a spray dryer, excipients that showed the best results were 40% aerosil more aerosil and microcrystalline cellulose in the proportion of 35:5. The extract showed antioxidant properties. The vegetable raw material was also tested for their antimicrobial and antifungal activity, providing positive results for some strains tested and shown bactericidal activity for fractions of iv ethyl acetate and hexane. The extract and the hexane fraction showed fungistatic activity, all these results contribute to future studies with this Plant, thereby increasing their value.