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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Unmanned Telemetry Ground System (UTGS) was implemented in Defense System Test Center (DSTC), Agency for Defense Development (ADD). The components of UTGS are Antenna, NPS (Network Power Switch), RCB (Receiver/Combiner/Bit synchronizer) and microwave link. We have installed RCB which is composed of receiver, combiner and bit synchronizer. RCB can be controlled and monitored by RS232 serial communication and microwave network. NPS controls its power supplies. UTGS sends PCM stream to local site using E1-class HDSL and microwave link. This system is possible the signal acquisition and reduction of man power at remote site. The usability and performance of UTGS was proved in flight tests. This paper describes the hardware, software design and an implementation of UTGS.

Electric motors are used more widely in automotive to reducing emissions in vehicles. Due to the decreased usage of internal combustion engines which used to be the main noise source, impacts from synchronizers cannot be ignored during gear shifting, not only causing noise and wear but also delaying gear shifting completion.  To minimize the impacts during gear shifting, a dog teeth position sensor is required but the high calculation frequency leads to a high cost, due to the high velocity of synchronizer portions and the dog teeth number.  In this thesis, the gear shifting transmission is being modelled, in order to study the process of gear shifting and engagement. The transmission model, which is expressed with electrics and dynamics formulations. In order to avoid the impact without the dog teeth position sensor, this thesis proposes an estimation algorithm based on the transmission model to approve the gear engagement if the first and second portions of synchronizers are engaged in the mating position without impacts.  Two different learning algorithms: direct comparison and particle swarm optimization application, are presented in the thesis as well, which are used to calibrate a parameter in the off-time test as part of the end of the calibration line, the so-called relevant initial phase being used in the real-time estimation.  The transmission model is simulated in Simulink and different algorithms are running in MATLAB. All these results are plotted and analyzed for further evaluation in different aspects in the result chapter. The direct comparison algorithm has a simpler structure of computation but the quantity of required actuation is uncertain in this algorithm with a probability of failure to find the solution. The application of particle swarm optimization in this case succeeds in calibrating the objective parameter with a small error than the other algorithm. Actuation quantity affects the accuracy of the solutions and errors but not the failure rate. / Elektriska motorer används i allt större utsträckning inom fordonsindustrin för att minska utsläppen från fordon. Den minskade användningen av förbränningsmotorer, som tidigare varit den främsta bullerkällan, gör att kollisioner från synkroniserare inte kan bli ignorerade under växlingen. Dessa kollisioner orsakar inte bara buller och nötningar utan även fördröjer slutförandet av växlingen.  För att minimera kollisioner under växlingen krävs det en positionssensor för dog-teeth, men den höga beräkningsfrekvensen leder till hög kostnad på grund av den höga hastigheten hos synkroniseringsdelarna samt antalet dog-teeth.  I den här avhandlingen görs en modell av växellåda för att studera växlingsprocessen och kugghjulsingreppet. Transmissionsmodellen uttrycks med elektriska och dynamiska formuleringar. För att undvika kollisioner utan positionssensor för dog-teeth, föreslås det en uppskattningsalgoritm baserad på transmissionsmodellen för att godta kugghjulsingreppet om den första and andra delen av synkroniseraren är inkopplade i parningsläget utan kollisioner.  Två olika inlärningsalgoritmer, direkt jämförelsemetoden och partikelsvärmoptimeringsmetoden presenteras även i avhandlingen. De används för att kalibrera en parameter i off-time test som en del av slutet av produktionslinjen. Denna parameter kallas för den relevanta initialfasen och används vid realtidsuppskattningen.  Transmissionsmodellen är simulerad i Simulink och de olika algoritmerna exekveras i Matlab. Alla resultat är plottade och analyserade för vidare utvärdering av olika aspekter i resultatkapitlet. Den direkta jämförelsealgoritmen har en enklare beräkningsstruktur, men mängden av nödvändig exekveringar är oklar för denna algoritm med en sannolikhet att det inte går att hitta lösningen. Däremot visar det sig att partikelsvärmoptimeringsmetoden lyckas med att kalibrera målparametern med dessutom ge mindre fel än den andra algoritmen. Antalet exekveringar påverkar lösningen samt noggrannheten hos lösningarna men påverkar inte själva felfrekvensen.

This dissertation studies the effects of radiation-induced single-event upsets (SEUs) on field-programmable gate array(FPGA)-based circuits. It analyzes and quantifies a special case in data communication, that is, the synchronization issue of signals when they are sent across clock domains in triple modular redundancy (TMR) circuits with the presence of SEUs. After demonstrating that synchronizing errors cannot be eliminated in such case, this dissertation continues to present novel synchronizer designs that can guarantee reliable synchronization of triplicated signals. Fault injection tests then show that the proposed synchronizers provide between 6 and 10 orders of magnitude longer mean time to failure (MTTF) than unmitigated synchronizers. This dissertation also studies the reliability of block random access memory (BRAM) on FPGAs. By investigating several previous reliability models for single-error correction/double-error detection (SEC/DED) memory with scrubbing, this dissertation proposes two novel MTTF models that are suitable for FPGA applications. The first one considers non-uniform write rates for probabilistic write scrubbing, and the second one combines deterministic scrubbing and probabilistic scrubbing into a single model. The proposed models reveal the impact of memory access patterns on the reliability of BRAMs. Monte Carlo simulations then demonstrate the correctness of the proposed models. At last, the memory access patterns of a type of FPGA application, digital signal processing (DSP) is studied, and mitigation mechanisms for DSP applications are discussed.

Les circuits de récupération d'horloge et de données sont nécessaires au bon fonctionnement de plusieurs systèmes de communication sans fil. Les travaux effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse concernent le développement de ces circuits avec d'une part la réalisation, en technologie HCMOS9 0,13 μm de STMICROELECTRONICS, de circuits CDR analogiques à 1 et 54 Mbit/s, et d'autre part, la mise en œuvre de fonctions CDR numériques programmables à bas débit. Un circuit CDR fonctionnant à plus bas débit (1 Mbit/s) a été conçu dans le cadre de la gestion d'énergie d'un récepteur ULB impulsionnel non cohérent. Ces deux structures ont été réalisées à l'aide de PLL analogiques du 3ème ordre. Un comparateur de phase adapté aux impulsions issues du détecteur d'énergie a été proposé dans cette étude. Les circuits ont ensuite été dimensionnés dans le but d'obtenir de très bonnes performances en termes de jitter et de consommation. En particulier, les performances mesurées (sous pointes) du circuit CDR à 1 Mbit/s permettent d'envisager une gestion d'énergie efficace (réduction de plus de 97% de la consommation du récepteur). Dans le cadre d'une chaîne de télémesure avion vers sol, deux circuits CDR numériques ont également été réalisés durant cette thèse. Une PLL numérique du second degré a été implémentée en vue de fournir des données et une horloge synchrone de celles-ci afin de piloter une chaîne SOQPSK entièrement numérique. Un circuit ELGS a également mis au point pour fonctionner au sein d'un récepteur PCM/FM. / Clock and data recovery circuits are required in many wireless communication systems. This thesis is about development of such circuits with: firstly, the realization, in HCMOS9 0.13 μm of STMICROELECTRONICS technology, of 1 and 54 Mb/s analog CDR circuits, and secondly, the implementation of programmable digital circuits at low rates. In the aim of an impulse UWB transceiver dealing with video transmission, a CDR circuit at 54 Mb/s rate has been realized to provide clock signal synchronously with narrow pulses (their duration is about a few nanoseconds) from the energy detector. Another CDR circuit has been built at 1 Mb/s rate in a non-coherent IR- UWB receiver power management context. Both circuits have been implemented as 3rd order analog PLL. In this work, a phase comparator suitable for “RZ low duty cycle” data from the energy detector has been proposed. Circuits have been sized to obtain very good performances in terms of jitter and power consumption. Particularly, measured performances of the 1 Mb/s CDR circuit allow to plan an efficient power management (a decrease of more than 97% of the receiver total power consumption). In the context of a telemetry system from aircraft to ground, two digital CDR circuits have also been implemented. A second order digital PLL has been adopted in order to provide synchronous clock and data to an SOQPSK digital transmitter. Also, a digital ELGS circuit has been proposed to work in a PCM/FM receiver. For both CDR structures, the input signal rate is programmable and varies globally from 1 to 30 Mb/s.

Tesis por compendio de publicaciones / La luz y los patrones de alimentación influyeron sobre el comportamiento, fisiología y reloj molecular de dos peces teleósteos. Se clonaron dos criptocromos de lubina (cry1 y cry2), expresándose en todos los tejidos estudiados y mostrando ritmos diarios de expresión en cerebro, hígado y corazón (excepto cry2). La fase (día/noche) de alimentación a demanda en lubina afecta a los patrones diarios de actividad amilasa intestinal y expresión de period1 en tejidos periféricos (i.e. hígado), pero no en cerebro. Durante las inversiones estacionales de alimentación de la lubina, mostraron mayores valores de glucosa sanguínea durante la fase de alimentación, revelando también los mayores valores medios en lubinas nocturnas invierno. El pez cebra utilizó un nuevo comedero a demanda, mostrando independencia de fase entre ritmos circadianos de alimentación (nocturno) y locomoción (diurno), con diferentes periodicidades. Además la actividad y posición del pez cebra resultó espectro-dependiente, provocando mayores efectos las longitudes de onda cortas. / Thesis summary in English Light and feeding patterns influence on the behaviour, physiology and molecular clock of two teleost fish. Two cryptochromes (cry1 and cry2) were cloned, being expressed in all studied tissues and showing daily rhythm of expression in brain, liver and heart (except cry2). The self-seabass feeding phase (day/night) affected on daily patterns of intestinal amylase activity and on the period1 expression in peripheral tissues (i.e. liver), but not in brain. During the seasonal feeding inversions in seabass, the highest blood glucose levels were shown during their feeding phase, revealing also the highest values in nocturnal seabass in winter. Zebrafish used a new self-feeding system, displaying phase-independence between feeding (nocturnal) and locomotor (diurnal) circadian rhythms, with different periodicities. Moreover, the zebrafish activity and vertical position were spectrum-dependent, being the main effects provoked by short-wavelengths.