Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T13:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdnardoPR_DISSERT.pdf: 2329567 bytes, checksum: ab9bc3145d3823983047e9d57956c8d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-30 / Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte / The connection of wind generators might cause significant influences in the profile voltages, voltage unbalance, loading and the electrical losses in radial power distribution systems. This fact requires a specific study, called Hosting Capacity, which aims to analyze the maximum limit of the power increase on the network that makes the performance of the system acceptable to the established quality limits. This work shows an IEEE radial distribution system behavior, composed of 13 bus, in steady state, when a synchronous wind machine is engaged on the bus 680 in two ways: directly connected to the network and connected through the frequency converter. For each type of connection the power factor was varied from 0.9 capacitive to inductive 0.9. The parameters analyzed in connection bar were the degree of voltage unbalance, the losses in the system and the profile of voltages on the bus 680 for each case . The simulations were performed using the program Distribution Network Analysis with Generation Aeolian-Electric - ANAREDGEE, which was developed and validated with own results of the IEEE. It was found that there was a reduction in the degree of unbalance for all simulated situations, when compared to the original value of the system status, not exceeded the limits determined by imbalances entities NEMA, ANSI, IEEE and ANEEL. Regarding the profile of voltages in the various system buses, there was a slight decrease in some situations. In the original system, the voltage level of the phase B in the bus 680 exceeded the 5% voltage given by ANEEL, with a value of 1.0529 p.u. With the machine connected directly, there was an increase of this value in all simulations with different power factor, while the connection through frequency converter might causa a reduction of the phase B voltage levels to below 1.05 pu in situations where the power factors were equal to 0.9 capacitive and unitary. The system losses were reduced in all cases, but showed lower values when the synchronous machine was integrated into the system by frequency convertor. It was also observed a significant reduction in the degree of system imbalance after connecting the synchronous machine, this reduction, in most cases, occurred in proportion to the increase in power injected into the connection bar / A conexão de geradores eólio-elétricos pode causar influências significativas no perfil de tensões, desequilíbrio de tensão, no carregamento e nas perdas elétricas em sistemas de distribuição de energia radiais. Este fato requer um estudo específico, denominado Hosting Capacity, que tem por finalidade analisar o limite máximo do incremento de potência na rede que torna a performance do sistema aceitável para os limites de qualidade estabelecidos. Este trabalho demonstra o comportamento do sistema de distribuição radial do IEEE, composto de 13 barras, em regime permanente, quando uma máquina eólica síncrona é acoplada na barra com o maior nível de tensão do sistema, de duas formas distintas: diretamente conectada à rede e conectada por meio de conversor de frequência. Para cada tipo de conexão o fator de potência foi variado de 0.9 capacitivo a 0.9 indutivo. Os parâmetros analisados na barra de conexão foram o grau de desequilíbrio de tensão, as perdas no sistema e o perfil das tensões. As simulações foram realizadas através do programa Análise de Redes de Distribuição com Geração Eólio-Elétrica - ANAREDGEE, que foi desenvolvido e validado com resultados próprios do IEEE. Verificou-se que houve uma redução no grau d e desequilíbrio para todas as situações simuladas, quando comparadas ao valor da situação original do sistema, não superado os limites de desequilíbrios determinados por entidades como NEMA, ANSI, IEEE e ANEEL. Com relação ao perfil das tensões nas diversas barras do sistema, houve uma ligeira diminuição em algumas situações. No sistema original, o valor de tensão na fase B da barra 680 superava os 5% de sobretensão determinado pela ANEEL, apresentando um valor de 1,0529 p.u. Com a máquina diretamente conectada houve um aumento deste valor em todas as simulações com diferentes fatores de potência, enquanto que a conexão por meio de conversor de frequência possibilitou uma diminuição dos níveis de tensão da fase B para valores abaixo de 1,05 p.u. nas situações em que os fatores de potência eram iguais a 0.9 capacitivo e unitário. As perdas no sistema foram reduzidas em todos os casos, entretanto apresentaram menores valores quando a máquina síncrona era integrada ao sistema por meio de conversor de frequência. Foi observado também uma redução considerável do grau de desequilíbrio do sistema após a conexão da máquina síncrona, esta redução, na maioria dos casos, se deu de forma proporcional ao aumento da potência injetada na barra de conexão

This thesis deals with the infulence of compensation cabel network on the stability of nearby power source. This issue is topical with the increase in the ratio of cable networks 110 kV in large cities. The work examines the theoretical concept of stability and factors that affect it. Mainly discusses the stability angle rotor of a synchronous machina. The practical part is performed in MODES software, that performs dynamic simulation of the behavior of the model. In this case, it will be behavior of synchronous machine during short-circuit in network at different values of compensation of this network.

Modern aircraft, military and commercial, rely extensively on hydraulic systems. However, there is great interest in the avionics community to replace hydraulic systems with electric systems. There are physical challenges to replacing hydraulic actuators with electromechanical actuators (EMAs), especially for flight control surface actuation. These include dynamic heat generation and power management. Simulation is seen as a powerful tool in making the transition to all-electric aircraft by predicting the dynamic heat generated and the power flow in the EMA. Chapter 2 of this dissertation describes the nonlinear, lumped-element, integrated modeling of a permanent magnet (PM) motor used in an EMA. This model is capable of representing transient dynamics of an EMA, mechanically, electrically, and thermally. Inductance is a primary parameter that links the electrical and mechanical domains and, therefore, is of critical importance to the modeling of the whole EMA. In the dynamic mode of operation of an EMA, the inductances are quite nonlinear. Chapter 3 details the careful analysis of the inductances from finite element software and the mathematical modeling of these inductances for use in the overall EMA model. Chapter 4 covers the design and verification of a nonlinear, transient simulation model of a two-step synchronous generator with three-phase rectifiers. Simulation results are shown

This report highlights the market for synchronous machines and examines the current situation. Today, the world demands higher volumes of electrical power that is cleaner, more efficient and generated from fossil-free sources. This increases the importance of using efficient and modern that minimise energy losses. A synchronous machine is an electric motor or generator with high efficiency. There is a need for up-to-date knowledge about the current market situation for manufacturers to keep pace with the requirements and regulations, while also satisfying their customer needs. This study investigates the main trends, identifies different manufacturers in different market segments, as well as what type of added value these companies offer to their customers. Data collection combined with a series of interviews have been conducted to understand the current market situation and draw conclusions using models appropriate for the aim of the study. Our findings show that, in many cases, the machines themselves are very similar with only minor variations. The greatest differentiation lies in what additional value manufacturers offer beyond the product itself. This added value is where the markets great opportunities for development lies. This report will thus provide a new and effective way of analysing a market by considering what a company can offer beyond its products, while also incorporating the unique aspects of what their products actually provide. / Denna rapport belyser marknaden för synkronmaskiner och hur den nuvarande situationen ser ut. Idag kräver världen högre volymer av elektrisk kraft, renare kraft och effektivare kraft framställd från fossilfria källor. Detta leder till en ökad vikt av att använda effektiva och moderna motorer som minskar onödiga energiförluster. En synkronmaskin är en elektrisk motor eller generator med hög effektivitet. Det finns ett behov av ny kunskap om den aktuella situationen på marknaden för att tillverkare ska kunna hålla jämna steg med kraven, regleringarna och samtidigt tillfredsställa sina kunders behov. Den här studien undersöker de främsta trenderna, vilka tillverkare som är i vilka typer av marknader, samt vad för värdeerbjudanden företagen erbjuder sina kunder. En datainsamling i kombination med en serie intervjuer har genomförts för att förstå den nuvarande marknadssituationen samt för att dra slutsatser med hjälp av modeller anpassade för denna studie. Våra resultat visar att i många fall är maskinerna mycket lika varandra med endast små variationer. Den största skillnaden ligger i vad mer tillverkare kan erbjuda utöver själva produkten, d.v.s. i deras värdeerbjudanden. Marknadens största utvecklingsmöjligheter ligger inom vilket mervärde ett företag kan erbjuda sina kunder. Denna rapport kommer därmed bidra med ett nytt och effektivt sätt att läsa av en marknad, som både tar hänsyn till vad företaget kan erbjuda utöver sina produkter samt de unika aspekterna gällande vilka mervärden deras produkter faktiskt genererar.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une thématique de recherche prioritaire développée par le laboratoire GREAH et portant sur l’optimisation de l'efficacité énergétique des systèmes de gestion et de production de l’énergie électrique. Dans ce cadre, les performances de convertisseurs d’énergie (machines électriques pour la conversion de l'énergie électromécanique) ont un impact déterminant sur l'efficacité énergétique de la conversion et sur la qualité de gestion de l'énergie électrique en termes de rendement, de maximisation de la puissance massique, de réduction des émissions, de réduction des coûts, ce qui nécessite, par conséquent, un effort particulier de conception et de dimensionnement. L’objectif principal de cette thèse vise à développer un modèle léger permettant d’exploiter assez rapidement l’espace des solutions potentiellement optimales dans la première phase de la conception des machines synchrones à aimants permanents. Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire de thèse portent sur la modélisation électromagnétique pour le pré-dimensionnement et la conception des machines synchrones à aimants permanents intégrées dans l’éolien de fort puissance. Dans ce manuscrit, deux approches de modélisation des machines électriques ont été proposées. La modélisation par réseau de réluctances présentée consiste à découper le domaine d’étude en un certain nombre d’éléments volumiques dont chacun est décomposé en tubes de flux. La modélisation analytique hybride proposée est basée sur un couplage fort entre un réseau de réluctances généré à partir d’un maillage du domaine d’étude et une solution formelle des équations de Maxwell dans les régions de faible perméabilité (entrefer magnétique). Les résultats obtenus à partir de ces modèles sont validés par les résultats correspondants issus de la méthode des éléments finis. Pour montrer le gain obtenu en temps de calcul, les temps d’exécutions des codes de calcul sont comparés aux temps mis par le logiciel Flux. / This subject of the thesis is part of a priority research theme developed by the GREAH laboratory on the optimization of the energy efficiency of electrical energy management and production systems. In this context, the performance of energy converters (electrical machines for the conversion of electromechanical energy) have a decisive impact on the energy efficiency of the conversion and on the quality of electrical energy management in terms of efficiency, reduction of emissions, reduction of costs, which therefore requires a special effort to design. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a light model allowing to exploit fairly quickly the space of potentially optimal solutions in the first phase of machine design. The work presented in this thesis focuses on electromagnetic modeling for the pre-design of permanent magnets synchronous machines integrated into high power wind turbines. In this manuscript, two modeling approaches of electric machines have been proposed. The presented reluctance network modeling is generated from the mesh of studied domain as the finite element method. Reluctance elements are used for the mesh. The proposed hybrid analytical modeling is based on a strong coupling between a reluctances network generated from a mesh of the study domain and analytical models based on the formal solution of Maxwell’s equations in regions of low permeability (magnetic gap). This approach can help solve the problem of air-gap modeling in MEC method, and the consideration of the local magnetic saturation in modeling approaches involving analytical technique. The results obtained from these models are validated by the corresponding results from the finite element method and very good has been observed. To indicate the gain obtained in time, the execution times of the programs are compared to the times set by the Flux software.

Dans un contexte automobile électrique et hybride, la part des machines synchrones à aimants permanents s'est accrue exponentiellement. Cette évolution s'accompagne d'exigences en termes d'émissions vibro-acoustiques. En termes de dimensionnement de la chaîne de traction, l'analyse multiphysique du moteur s'avère être un enjeu crucial pour son développement. La nécessité de disposer de codes informatiques de conception possédant des temps de calcul faibles pour une précision maximale se fait ressentir pour l'exploration de solutions potentiellement performantes dans les premières étapes du processus de dimensionnement. A ce titre, les aspects vibratoires et acoustiques sont modélisés analytiquement et par éléments finis dans la présente thèse. Ainsi, au moyen du modèle magnétique, l'analyse magnéto-vibro-acoustique faiblement couplée (résolution itérative des différentes physiques) peut être réalisée.La thèse est découpée en quatre parties. La première expose un état de l’art sur les émissions vibro-acoustiques des machines et notamment la modélisation du bruit d’origine magnétique. Les problématiques de la modélisation sont détaillées. Dans une deuxième partie, les modèles sont largement décrits. Les modèles éléments finis sont validés expérimentalement. Une troisième partie se propose de valider les modèles analytiques par éléments finis, en complexifiant progressivement la géométrie d’une machine à aimants montés en surface à flux radial. Enfin, la dernière partie utilise les modèles éléments finis pour étudier des machines non-conventionnelles comme les machines à commutation de flux et les machines à aimants en surface à flux axial. / The proportion of permanent magnets synchronous motors used for electric and hybrid automotive traction has exponentially increased during the past decade. This evolution comes with ever-demanding low noise and vibrations requirements. Multi-physics analysis of the motor is a decisive issue for the development of the powertrain. For the exploration of potentially efficient motor solutions in first design steps, it is thus a necessity to have at disposal fast and accurate computer codes. In this respect, acoustic and vibratory aspects are modeled using finite element and analytical models in this thesis. As a result, using an electromagnetic model, the weakly-coupled magneto-vibro-acoustic analysis (iterative solving of each physic) can be performed.The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part states the art on machine vibro-acoustic emissions and focuses on noise of magnetic origins modeling. Issues of modeling are detailed. Then, models are described to a great extent in the second part. Finite element models are favorably compared to experimental measures. A third part validates analytical models in comparison to finite element analysis, by gradually complicating the geometry of a surface permanent magnets radial flux machine. Finally, a fourth part uses finite element models to study non-conventional machines such as flux switching radial flux machines and surface permanent magnets axial flux machines.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The position sensorless controllability of the reluctance synchronous machine (RSM) is investigated in this thesis with the focus on industry applications where variable and dynamic torque is required from startup up to rated speed. Two low speed as well as one medium to high speed position sensorless control (PSC) method for RSMs are investigated. These methods are extended to operate in the entire rated speed region with a hybrid PSC structure that makes use of phase locked-loop synchronisation and a hysteresis changeover method. It is shown in this thesis that PSC of the lateral rib rotor RSM is not possible from zero up to ± 0.2 p.u current. It is shown through finite element (FE) simulations that PSC of the ideal rotor RSM however, is possible at zero reference current. A novel construction method is used to build two ideal rotor RSMs. Measured flux linkage curve results of the ideal rotor RSMs correlate well with simulation results and it is shown that the electrical angle of the machine can be tracked successfully at zero reference current. The FE simulation package is used to compare the saliency of the RSM on a per-unit scale to three types of field intensified permanent magnet (FI-PM) synchronous machines and a field weakening interior permanent magnet synchronous machine. It is shown that the saliency of the RSM is larger than that of the investigated PM machines from zero up to rated load. It is thus concluded that the RSM is well suited to saliency-based PSC (SB-PSC) methods, which are used to control synchronous machines at startup and low speeds. The hybrid PSC methods developed in this thesis, are tested and evaluated on three proposed industry applications. The first is a reluctance synchronous wind generator with an inverter output LC filter. The LC filter allows long cables to be used and reduces the voltage stress on the stator windings of the machine. The combination of the LC filter and hybrid PSC method allows the power electronics and controller to be stationed in the base of the turbine tower. A new stator quantity estimation method is derived to omit the need of current and voltage sensors on the machine side of the LC filter. Good maximum power point tracking laboratory results are shown with the high frequency injection-assisted hybrid PSC method. The second application investigated is a position sensorless controlled variable gear electric vehicle (EV) RSM drive. Simulation and measured results show good torque capabilities of the position sensorless controlled EV RSM. It is shown through simulation results that the fundamental current harmonic is dominant in the demodulation scheme of the high frequency injection position sensorless control (HFIPSC) method due to the high current rating of the proposed RSM. The HFI-PSC method is extended to reduce the effect of the fundamental current harmonic in the demodulation scheme without adding any additional filters. The final investigated application is a novel mine scraper winch, which uses two position sensorless controlled RSMs to retrieve ore from the blast site underground. The new design improves on the safety, efficiency and durability of the current scraper winch design. Measured results show that the position sensorless controlled winch RSM is able to deliver rated startup torque with both investigated SB-PSC methods. Finally an automation method is implemented and tested to limited the applied force on the scraper and automatically free itself when stuck. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die posisie sensorlose beheer eienskappe van die reluktansie sinchroonmasjien (RSM) word in hierdie tesis ondersoek met die fokus op industriële toepassings waar varierende dinamiese draaimoment vereis word vanaf stilstand tot by ken spoed. Twee lae spoed- en een ho¨e spoed posisie sensorlose beheer (PSB) metodes vir RSMe is ondersoek. Hierdie metodes is uitgebrei om twee hibriede PSB metodes to skep wat die RSM van stilstand tot by kenspoed posisie sensorloos kan beheer. Die ontwikkelde hibriede metodes maak gebruik van ’n histerese oorskakelings skema en fase geslote lus sinchronisasie Daar word in hierdie tesis bevestig dat die laterale rib RSM nie beheer kan word met die geondersoekte PSB metodes by nul stroom nie. Eindige element simulasie resultate wys egter daarop dat die ideale rotor RSM wel beheer kan word met die geondersoekte metodes by nul stroom. ’n Nuwe konstruksie metode is voorgestel om twee ideale rotor RSMe to bou. Gemete vloed omsluiting kurwes resultate korreleer baie goed met dié van die eindige element simulasies. Gemete resultate wys ook daarop dat PSB van die nuwe masjiene moontlik is by nul stroom. ’n Eindige element pakket is gebruik om die speek-koëffissiënt van die RSM te vergelyk met drie tipes veld-versterkte permanent magneet masjiene, asook een veld verswakte permanent magneet versinkte masjien. Die simulasie resultate wys dat die RSM se speek-koëffissiënt hoër is as die van die geondersoekte permanent magneet masjiene. Die RSM is dus geskik vir speek-koëffissiënt georienteerde PSB metodes, wat hoofsaaklik by stilstand en lae spoed gebruik word. Die ontwikkelde hibried PSB metodes is getoets en geëvalueer met drie voorgestelde industriële toepassings. Die eerste is ’n reluktansie sinchroon wind generator met ’n omsetter uittree laagdeurlaat filter. Die laagdeurlaat filter laat toe dat langer kabels vanaf die omsetter na die generator gebruik kan word. Die kombinasie van die laagdeurlaat filter en die PSB metodes laat toe dat die drywingselektronika en die beheerders in die toring basis geplaas kan word. Dit kan die gewig van die nasel verminder. Goeie maksimum drywingspunt volging laboratorium resultate word getoon met die hoë frekwensie ondersteunde hibried PSB metode. Die tweede geondersoekte toepassing is ’n posisie sensorlose beheerde, varierende ratkas elektriese voertuig RSM. Goeie simulasie en gemete draaimoment resultate van die RSM word getoon. Simulasie resultate toon dat die fundamentele q-as stroom harmoniek dominant is in die demodulasie skema van die hoë frekwensie PSB metode, as gevolg van die hoë ken stroom van die motor. Die hoë frekwensie PSB metode is uitgebrei om die fundamentele stroom harmoniek te onderdruk in die demodulasie skema sonder om enige filters by te voeg. Die finale toepassing is ’n nuwe myn windas wat van twee posisie sensorlose beheerde RSMe gebruik maak om klippe ondergronds te verplaas vanaf die ontploffings area. Die voorgestelde ontwerp verbeter die huidige ontwerp ten opsigte van die veiligheid, energie effektiwiteit en robuustheid. Gemete resultate wys dat ken draaimoment moontlik is met altwee speek-koëffissiënt metodes. ’n Automasie metode, wat die maksimum draaimoment op die windas beperk en automaties homself bevry indien hy vasval, is voorgestel en geëvalueer.

Une nouvelle chaîne de traction dédiée à un véhicule hybride électrique de poids lourds a été développée dans ces travaux de recherche. A ce stade, la conception et l'optimisation des composants électriques de la chaîne de traction ont été étudiées, notamment les machines synchrones à aimants permanents et les onduleurs de tension associés, ainsi que le train Ravigneaux. En ce qui concerne la conception, un modèle analytique a été créé et qui permet de répondre au cahier des charges simultanément. Les différentes contraintes multiphysiques ont été prises en compte dans le modèle analytique. Ensuite, un modèle numérique via la méthode élément fini a été mise en œuvre. Le modèle numérique nous a permis de valider les performances de la machine électrique. En ce qui concerne l'optimisation, une stratégie de l'optimisation globale a été étudiée. Un exemple d'optimisation a été basé sur un système composé par deux machines électriques et deux onduleurs associés, ainsi que le train Ravigneaux. La comparaison basée sur cet exemple pour l'optimisation locale et globale nous a permis de valider l'avantage de la stratégie de l'optimisation globale. L'expérimentation a été réalisée sur un banc d'essais qui est constitué par la machine prototype et la machine de charge, les deux machines électriques ont été alimentées et pilotées par deux variateurs de fréquence. Les résultats expérimentaux nous ont permis de valider les modèles théoriques. / A new powertrain for a hybrid electric vehicle of heavy duty was developed in this research work. In this case, the design and the optimization of electrical components of powertrain have been investigated involving the permanent magnet synchronous machines, the associated inverters and the Ravigneaux train. Regarding the design, an analytical model was created and that permits simultaneously answering to specification. The various multiphysic constraints have been taken into account in analytical model. And then the numerical model was carried out via finite element method has been implemented. The numerical model allowed us to valid electrical machine performances. Regarding the optimization, a global optimization strategy was investigated. An optimization example was based on a system which was composed of two electrical machines, two associated inverters and the Ravigneaux train; The comparison based on this example between the local optimization and the global optimization, which allowed us to valid the advantage of global optimization strategy. The experimentation has been performed with a test bench involving the prototype machine and the load machine, the two electrical machines were fed and controlled by two frequency drives. The experimental results permit to valid the theoretical models.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma transformação dq não senoidal e sua aplicação em máquinas síncronas com ímã permanente na superfície do rotor (MSIP) e forma de onda de FEM não senoidal. O modelo resultante da aplicação dessa transformação permite o controle direto do torque eletromagnético, permitindo reduzir as ondulações do torque produzido nesse tipo de máquina. A redução dessas ondulações em MSIPs não senoidais possibilita que esse tipo de máquina seja empregado em aplicações onde somente MSIPs senoidais, que possuem custo mais elevado, poderiam ser usadas. Simulações e resultados práticos, obtidos pela implementação do sistema de controle vetorial não senoidal desenvolvido, são apresentados no trabalho. Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se verificar que o método proposto é eficaz na redução das ondulações do torque eletromagnético em MSIPs não senoidais. / This work presents a non-sinusoidal dq transformation and its application in permanent- magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) with a non-sinusoidal back-EMF waveform. The resulting model of the application of such transformation permits direct control of machine electromagnetic torque, which achieves the reduction of torque ripple. The reduction of torque ripple in non-sinusoidal PMSMs makes possible the use of this kind of PMSM instead of sinusoidal PMSMs, which are more expensive. Simulation and practical results, obtained by the implementation of such non-sinusoidal vectorial control system, are shown in this work. Those results show that the method presented is efficacious in the torque ripple reduction in non-sinusoidal PM synchronous machines.

Pour certaines applications de positionnement dans les systèmes embarqués la puissance ou les couples mis jeu en peuvent être faibles. Les actionneurs utilisés pour ces applications sont équipés de machines pas à pas telles que les machines réluctance variable excitées ou non, ou encore des machines synchrones à aimants permanents. En aéronautique, ces actionneurs doivent être les plus compacts possibles et la continuité de service est exigée. La redondance partielle ou totale de l'actionneur est solution permettant d'assurer la continuité de service. Nous avons étudiés plusieurs structures de machines notamment les machines à deux voies d'enroulement pour leurs compacité telles les machines à reluctance variable à excitation homopolaire (MRVH-2C) et les machines synchrones à aimants permanent (MSAP-DE). Dans le but faciliter ou motiver le choix de l'une ou l'autre des structures, nous avons développé des modèles de machines capables de fournir des informations sur les grandeurs mesurables ou non, et sur le comportement des actionneurs. Ainsi à partir d'un calcul éléments finis 2D nous avons mis au point plusieurs modèles couplés EF 2D réseau de perméances de la MRVH-2C qui tiennent compte de l'état de saturation magnétique et du caractère tridimensionnel de cette machine. Ceux-ci ont été utilisés pour simuler le comportement de l'actionneur dans différents situations. Toujours pour une application de positionnement à faibles puissance et basse vitesse, nous avons dimensionné, modélisé et simulé une MSAP-DE commandée en boucle fermée et qui, de façon intrinsèque tolère le défaut de court-circuit triphasé grâce à sa résistance de phase qui est élevée / For certain applications of positioning in embedded systems power or torque needed can be low. Actuators used for these applications can be equipped with stepper machinery such as variable reluctance machines excited (or not) or permanent magnets synchronous machine. In aeronautic these actuators should be as compact as possible and continuity of service is required. Partial or total redundancy of the actuator can ensure the continuity of service. We have studied various structures of machines particularly double channel machines for their compactness such as two channels hybrid variable reluctance machines (2C-HVRM) and double channel permanent magnets synchronous machines (DC-PMSM). In the aim of facilitating or of justifying the choice of one or the other of these structures, we have developed models of able to provide information on measurable (or non measurable) features, and the behavior of the actuators. So from a 2D finite element calculation we have developed several coupled 2D FE permeances network models of a 2C-HVRM tacking account of the magnetic saturation state of this machine and its three-dimensional character. These models were used to simulate the behavior of the actuator in different situations. Always for positioning application with low power and low speed, we sized, modeled and simulated a DC-PMSM close loop controlled. That machine is intrinsically tolerant to phase short-circuit fault, thanks to its high phase resistance