Inovações sistêmicas são aquelas que requerem reajustes significativos em co-opetidores do ecossistema de inovação. A relevância de inovações sistêmicas tem crescido por diversos motivos, tais como o caráter sistêmico de inovações relacionadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável, o amadurecimento da sociedade em rede e a disseminação da inovação aberta. O fuzzy front end, ou seja, a etapa inicial e difusa do processo de inovação, tem sido explorado considerando-se principalmente relações díades empresa-consumidor. O objetivo desta dissertação é explorar como se diferencia o fuzzy front end em inovações sistêmicas, em ecossistemas de inovação complexos, que demandam a coordenação com diferentes entidades externas ao controle direto da empresa focal. Para tanto, a metodologia conta com três macroetapas: revisão sistemática da literatura de fuzzy front end e inovação sistêmica, estudo de caso piloto de caráter preliminar e estudos de caso exploratórios em empresas em diferentes posicionamentos do ecossistema de negócios de Redes Inteligentes (Smart Grid) com análises intra e inter casos. / Systemic innovations are those that require significant changes in co-opetitors within the innovation ecosystems in which they are inserted. The relevance of systemic innovations has grown due to several reasons, such as the systemic characteristic of sustainable development innovation projects, the higher maturity of the network society and the dissemination of open innovation practices. The fuzzy front end, the initial and diffuse phase of the innovation process, has been explored considering mainly dyadic relations between company and consumers. The goal of this dissertation is to explore how does the fuzzy front end differentiate in systemic innovations, in complex innovation ecosystems, considering the need for coordination with external entities outside the control of the focal company. Therefore, the methodology has three macro-steps: a systematic literature review of fuzzy front end and systemic innovation, a pilot case study and exploratory case study with intra and cross-case analysis in different positions in the Smart Grid business ecosystems.

Inovações sistêmicas são aquelas que requerem reajustes significativos em co-opetidores do ecossistema de inovação. A relevância de inovações sistêmicas tem crescido por diversos motivos, tais como o caráter sistêmico de inovações relacionadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável, o amadurecimento da sociedade em rede e a disseminação da inovação aberta. O fuzzy front end, ou seja, a etapa inicial e difusa do processo de inovação, tem sido explorado considerando-se principalmente relações díades empresa-consumidor. O objetivo desta dissertação é explorar como se diferencia o fuzzy front end em inovações sistêmicas, em ecossistemas de inovação complexos, que demandam a coordenação com diferentes entidades externas ao controle direto da empresa focal. Para tanto, a metodologia conta com três macroetapas: revisão sistemática da literatura de fuzzy front end e inovação sistêmica, estudo de caso piloto de caráter preliminar e estudos de caso exploratórios em empresas em diferentes posicionamentos do ecossistema de negócios de Redes Inteligentes (Smart Grid) com análises intra e inter casos. / Systemic innovations are those that require significant changes in co-opetitors within the innovation ecosystems in which they are inserted. The relevance of systemic innovations has grown due to several reasons, such as the systemic characteristic of sustainable development innovation projects, the higher maturity of the network society and the dissemination of open innovation practices. The fuzzy front end, the initial and diffuse phase of the innovation process, has been explored considering mainly dyadic relations between company and consumers. The goal of this dissertation is to explore how does the fuzzy front end differentiate in systemic innovations, in complex innovation ecosystems, considering the need for coordination with external entities outside the control of the focal company. Therefore, the methodology has three macro-steps: a systematic literature review of fuzzy front end and systemic innovation, a pilot case study and exploratory case study with intra and cross-case analysis in different positions in the Smart Grid business ecosystems.

Technological search is often depicted to be random. This paper takes a different view and analyses how innovative recombinant search is triggered, how it is done and what initial conditions influence the final design of technological artefacts. We argue that complementarities (non-separabilities) play an important role as focusing devices guiding the search for new combinations. Our analysis takes the perspective of technology adopters and not that of inventors or innovators of new products. We illustrate the process of decomposition and re-composition under the presence of binding complementarity constraints with a historical case study on the establishment of the First IT Regime at the turn of the 19th century. (author's abstract) / Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"

This paper presents a theoretical framework along "Classical" lines in which Schumpeter's concept of "Creative Response" is linked to a theory of induced innovation and the concept of technological regimes. We devote particular attention to the role of indivisibilities between factors of production. On the basis of this framework, we study the adoption of early information technologies, such as typewriters, calculators or Hollerith machines in US manufacturing in the period between 1870 and 1930. We show how the presence of a distinct bias in technical change in US manufacturing led to the opening of a window of opportunity for early information technologies, and how the presence of this bias influenced the technological search and adoption process of firms and how this found its final reflection in the rules and heuristics of the new regime. (author's abstract) / Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"

Buildings today represent a large part of societies energy consumption. The increasing environmental awareness has sparked an interest in lowering building energy consumption and building automation systems has been recognized as an effective way of contributing to a more sustainable society. The purpose of this report is to identify the blocking and driving forces between actors in the construction industry when implementing and developing building automation systems. By understanding the blocking and driving forces of a technology in a system, an understanding can be developed of how the industry should act to increase the usage and development of certain technology. Building automation systems can be said to be a systemic innovation, that is, an innovation that affects more than one actor. As there is more than one actor affected by the innovation, systemic innovations are characterized by the complexity when enforcing it. A tool for understanding problems that different actors’ face is the technological innovation framework. This framework has laid the foundation for the analysis of the system strengths and system weaknesses when implementing and developing building automation. In addition, a literature study on technological innovation systems and systemic innovation has been conducted. By examining and evaluating collected data from 19 expert interviews based on the following seven functions presented in the technological innovation framework, five system weaknesses and four system strengths have been identified. The five system weaknesses are (1). The construction industry´s structure and working methods, (2). Lack of industrial cooperation, (3). The conservative attitude in the construction industry, (4). Limited access and development of human capital, and (5) Weak market incentives. Based on these system weaknesses, a discussion was conducted regarding the importance of coordination between the construction industry’s actors and its different disciplines. With the understanding of the four system strengths, (1). Established marked and proven technology, (2). Strong digitalization trends and positive knowledge development, (3). Increased environmental awareness and, (4). Strong urbanization trends, creates an understanding of what factors that drives the systems forward. / Byggnader representerar idag en stor del av den totala energiförbrukningen i samhället. I takt med en ökad miljömedvetenhet har intresset för att sänka byggnaders energiförbrukning blivit en allt viktigare fråga och fastighetsautomation har uppmärksammats som ett effektivt sätt för att bidra till ett mer hållbart samhälle. Syfte med denna rapport är att identifiera de systemsvagheter och systemstyrkor som finns mellan aktörerna i byggindustrin vid implementering och utveckling av fastighetsautomation. Genom att förstå systemsvagheterna och systemstyrkorna för en teknologi i ett system kan förståelse skapas för hur en industri skall agera för att kunna öka användandet och utvecklingen av en viss teknik. Fastighetsautomation kan sägas vara en systemisk innovation, det vill säga en innovation som påverkar fler än en part. I och med att flera aktörer påverkas av innovationen kännetecknas systemiska innovationer av dess komplexitet att genomföra. Ett verktyg för att förstå de bakomliggande utmaningarna för ett system är det teknologiska innovationsramverket. Ramverket har legat till grund för analysen kring systemstyrkor och systemsvagheter inom området för fastighetsautomation. Till detta har även en litteraturstudie genomförts kring teknologiska innovationssystem samt systemisk innovation. Genom att ha undersökt insamlade data från 19 expertintervjuer baserade på de sju funktionerna som presenterats i det teknologiska innovationsramverket, har fem systemsvagheter och fyra systemstyrkor kunnat identifieras. De fem systemsvagheterna är (B1). Byggindustrins uppbyggnad och arbetssätt, (B2). Bristande industriell samverkan, (B3). Byggindustrins konservativa attityd, (B4). Begränsad tillgång och utveckling av humankapital, och (B5) Svaga marknadsincitament. Baserat på systemsvagheterna förs en diskussion kring vikten av samordning mellan byggindustrins aktörer och discipliner. Med förståelsen för de fyra systemstyrkorna, (D1). Etablerad marknad och beprövad teknik, (D2). Stark digitaliseringstrend och positiv kunskaps tillförsel, (D3). Ökad miljömedvetenhet och (D4). Stark urbaniseringstrend, skapas en förståelse för faktorer som gynnar byggindustrins arbete med fastighetsautomation.

Aufgrund des gesellschaftlichen Wandels, globaler klimatischer und marktlicher Veränderungen sowie zunehmender Ressourcenknappheit sind landwirtschaftliche Betriebe immer mehr gefordert, ihre Produktionsverfahren anzupassen. Doch sind solche Innovationen häufig komplex und weisen einen systemischen Charakter auf. KMU sind häufig nicht in der Lage, diese oft mit höherem Risiko behafteten Innovationen voranzutreiben oder zu übernehmen. Zur Förderung ihrer Diffusion ist es notwendig, die äußeren und inneren Rahmenbedingungen der Innovationsumgebung zu kennen. Am Fallbeispiel der Innovationsprozesse zur Überwindung der Nachbauproblematik im Apfelanbau werden potenzielle Einflussfaktoren auf die Adoption neuer Maßnahmen mithilfe des sektoralen Innovationssystemansatzes nach Malerba und einem erweiterten Technology Acceptance Model erfasst. Hierbei wurde deutlich, dass trotz der günstigen natürlichen Rahmenbedingungen in der Untersuchungsregion, Faktoren wie sinkende Erzeugerpreise, Lohnsteigerungen, Wettbewerbsdruck, Klimawandel, die abnehmende Verfügbarkeit jungfräulicher Flächen sowie steigende Anforderungen des LEH und der Gesellschaft einen wirtschaftlichen Anbau zunehmend erschweren. Vor allem aber für Baumschulen sind die Folgen der Bodenmüdigkeit aufgrund des hohen Produktionswertes pro Hektar Kulturfläche besonders schwerwiegend. Maßnahmen, die bisher gegen Bodenermüdung ergriffen wurden, sind wenig effektiv, oder unwirtschaftlich. Die Analyse der Akzeptanzbefragung potenzieller Adopter zum Einsatz von Mikroorganismen gegen Bodenmüdigkeit ergab, dass die Nützlichkeit des Verfahrens positiv wahrgenommen wird und sich dies in einer hohen Übernahmeabsicht widerspiegelt. Eine Strukturgleichungsanalyse des in dieser Studie entwickelten Akzeptanzmodells mittels SmartPLS mit einem Bestimmtheitsmaß von 68% verdeutlichen, dass nicht vorrangig ökonomische Faktoren, sondern in erster Linie die Kompatibilität der Maßnahme, Einfluss auf eine potenzielle Übernahme ausüben würde. / Due to social change, global climatic and market changes as well as increasing scarcity of resources, agricultural enterprises are increasingly required to adapt their production processes. However, innovations often have a systemic character. SMEs are often not in a position to promote or adopt these innovations, which are often associated with higher risks. In order to promote their diffusion, it is, therefore, advantageous to know the external and internal framework conditions of the environment for innovation. Using the case study of innovation processes to overcome the problem of apple replant disease, potential influencing factors on the adoption of new measures are identified on the basis of the Sectoral Innovation System Approach according to Malerba and an extended Technology Acceptance Model. It became clear that, despite the favourable natural conditions in the study region, factors such as falling producer prices, wage increases, competitive pressure, climate change, the decreasing availability of virgin land and the increasing demands of food retailers and society are making commercial cultivation increasingly challenging. However, the consequences of soil fatigue are particularly severe for tree nurseries due to the high production value per hectare of cultivated land. Measures that have so far been taken to combat soil fatigue are ineffective or uneconomical. The analysis of the acceptance survey of potential adopters of microorganisms against soil fatigue showed that the usefulness of the method is perceived positively and that this is reflected in a high intention to adopt it. A structural equation analysis of the acceptance model developed in this study using SmartPLS and a coefficient of determination of 68% make it clear that not primarily economic factors, but primarily the compatibility of the measure, would influence a potential adoption.