CHANG, HSIAO-FENG who was famous for her essays in the mid and late 1960s has enjoyed an excellent reputation for her works and has been well-known author of a number of books for her wide-ranging artistic creation field. Especially, the achievement of her lyrical essays is remarkable with both qualities of rationality and sensibility, the style of the work is most changeful; she has many works which are imaginative and flexible language utilization; the materials of her works are diverse and the essence of her thought is rich in humane concerns. Her works not only can derive the advantages from the classic traditional cultures but also present the appearance of modern literature. In addition to the tender and sensitiveness, as a woman writer, her writing is of lightheartedness and vigor. A unique style of her essays assures her unique status in Taiwanese literary circles. The thesis sets out to study those lyrical essays which had ever been published from 1966 to 2003. First of all, we will provide an objective look at the external factors such as the experience of the writer, the characteristics of literature, and the conditions of her lyrical essays creation in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding on the features of her works. At last, we sum up and clear out the plentiful content of her works which is full of the effects of the artistic achievements on her literary skills. Hoping that the unique meaning and value of CHANG, HSIAO-FENG's lyrical essays in Taiwan literary circles can be identified. This thesis consists of five chapters: Chapter One is ¡§Introduction¡¨ which presents the motives, objectives, the review of the previous studies, the definition of ¡§lyrical essays¡¨, and the establishment of the research scope as well as the research method. Chapter Two is the general discussion of CHANG, HSIAO-FENG and her lyrical essays. We will focus on an all-dimensional discussion of her life experience and divide her life into three stages to indicate that how the life experience influence her works and to explore her own endeavors in engaging in both of creation and editing and the results. This is the preparation for discussing her works. Secondly, we explore the concept of literature. We describe her idea and principle on the literature and creation relating to the discussion of her works as the foundation of cross reference. Moreover, this paper tries to give a general overview of her essay topics and the change of the styles of works at different stages. Chapter Three. ¡§Evolution of her works.¡¨ We review and summarize the content of lyrical essays at different stages. This thesis aims to explore and analyze from three aspects to present the status of her emotions and a broad perspectives on human concerns of CHANG, HSIAO-FENG. Chapter Four. ¡§Artistic Skills.¡¨ We review her lyrical essays and put her great achievements on the artistic skills in order synthetically. With the investigations from four aspects, we sense the outstanding artistic achievements on the skills of the lyrical essays. Chapter Five is ¡§Conclusion¡¨. The author briefly summarizes the critics and suggestions in previous studies from chapter one to four. We place the meaning and value of CHANG, HSIAO-FENG¡¦s essays in the objective and fair positioning. The writer brings out the suggestive guideline for the research workers in the future.

This paper conducts a research on the movies chosen from the genre of ¡§Taiwanese New Cinema,¡¨ including ¡§Ah Fei,¡¨ ¡§Osmanthus Alley,¡¨ ¡§Kuei-mei, a Woman,¡¨ ¡§Somewhere My Love,¡¨ ¡§The Woman of Wrath,¡¨ and ¡§Rouge of the North.¡¨ The results of this research are drawn from the data of the in-depth interviews. The audience, such as script writers and directors, and advocates of women¡¦s movement with high educational background and socio-economic status, are interviewed, and these contents are analyzed. Due to various identities of the interviewees, who are both encoders and decoders, the existent theoretical framework is inadequate to explain the phenomena under research. However, according to Hall¡¦s Encoding/Decoding Theory, another way of interpretation, i.e., the ¡§Suggestive Interpretation,¡¨ has been added. It suggests that the script writers and directors should not be confined to the original framework and that they should take the initiative to provide their own opinions. All the possibilities of decoding can thus be included in a more comprehensive way. The ¡§Tilt Theory¡¨ in the study of marriage relationship assumes that only when the relationship has ups and downs like a tilt, can it last long. The conclusion suggests that modern women in Taiwan should be confident, continuously strive to achieve their goal, not let themselves down and do whatever they want to do, so as to become the master of their own life.

The development of Taiwanese folk songs comprises not only cultural implication of Taiwan, but also the reflection of social phenomenon. The research of Taiwanese folk songs is the same as Taiwan history research. Through the meaning of those songs, we can comprehend the different ideologies and policies between each authority. In the research, we also can understand there are a lot of difficulties for Taiwanese in pursuing the democracy and seeking the belonging and identification. This research analyzed the Taiwanese folk songs with the political history in the background. There are various types of Taiwanese folk song in the history. For the research, I separate it into 3 periods: the Japanese colonization period (1895-1945), the Martial law period (1946-1986), and the rescind martial law up to the party turn-over period (1987-2000). This essay aims to understand the relevance between the Taiwanese folk songs and the state ruling, including constitutional order and policies. We also try to account for the effect of the state ruling as well as the surveillance and pacification on the society. Following this proposition, this studying can help us to understand the difference between the various regimes¡¦ organization and the cultural policies. What is the figuration of the development of Taiwan society? How the state affects the lives of people? How people question the legitimacy of state and expression their challenge in folk songs?

Taiwanese Enterprises gradually become internationalized and invest foreign markets. The thinking of business global operation is no longer on one country, but on multi-nations. Companies may have different factors of the motivation and background to foreign direct investment in different countries. Each country¡¦s culture and business environment has its uniqueness. Another reason of global industries changing is that the developing countries in the past have become new economic systems. Mostly new economic governments adopt open economic policies and encourage foreign investment. Therefore, these new economic countries are often taken into account by foreign direct investment. The purpose of this study is discussed how Taiwanese enterprises determine their entry mode in India market. This study is built the framework under three dimensions which are environment, strategy and resource. For the moment, there are around 28 Taiwanese enterprises have invested in India market. This study is analyzed Taiwanese cases by questionnaire survey, telephone and in-person interviews to understand the import factors of entry modes in India market for Taiwanese enterprises. Research data analysis is strengthened by qualitative discussion and enhanced research reliabilities through both case studies and questionnaire surveys. The question items and study framework are designed from the cases of Taiwanese enterprises and industrial experts¡¦ opinions. It is found in this study that Taiwanese enterprises tend to adopt greenfield strategy as entry mode to India market from the perspectives of environment, strategy, and resource. However, if the purpose of foreign investment of Taiwanese companies is to get the local market, they will tend to adopt joint-venture as entry mode. Finally, the study is to explore entry mode in India market for Taiwanese enterprises based on the strategic perspectives to have an integrated analysis. This makes contributions to who are willing to invest in India market.

Since 1980s, Mainland China had attracted enormous investment from the worldwide. Through three decades developments, the economy of China has dramatic change. However, under the strong attempt of government interference, the conditions of the business environment are worsen and unfavorable for certain industries. The resource based theory view argues that the firm with core resource and competence can have substantial competitive ability and enduring advantages to succeed in the market. From this perspective, we would like to know how the case company is accumulating and cultivating the core resource and competence for it to succeed in the market. Based on our finding of the core resource, this research uses the five force framework for industrial analysis and attempt to have suggestions for future development. This research conducted a case analysis of a Taiwanese SME in Lead-acid battery industry with interviewing with the president and managers of the company. The finding show that the SME has built up the core competence with its competitive strategy management. However, in coping with changing environment and business conditions, this research has suggested the SME Company need to upgrade its product level and customer types. It also suggests building up alliance within the same and different industries in order to form its core competence for the future.

This study explored the contexts that immigrant Taiwanese mothers provided for their American born children concerning heritage language learning. Five immigrant Taiwanese mothers in central Texas participated in this study. To collect data, a qualitative approach was used including in-depth interviews, follow up interviews, supplemental interviews with other family members, and observations of the mothers and their children in different environments. The data was analyzed to answer two research questions: (1) What meanings do immigrant Taiwanese mothers attribute to their American-born children's heritage language? (2) What are the strategies that immigrant Taiwanese mothers describe themselves as using in relation to their American-born children's heritage language learning? This study demonstrated that because of the relative lack of heritage language teaching resources independent of the family, the mothers played an important role in teaching their children a wide variety of languages including Mandarin Chinese, Taiwanese, Spanish, Japanese, and Cantonese. Furthermore, the meanings that the mothers placed on heritage language could be categorized into cultural relationships, family bonds, social status within the immigrant community, relationship with American and global societies, and academic achievement and social success. The strategies the Taiwanese immigrant mothers used to teach heritage and home languages were diverse but could be analyzed by the concept of social capital and the theories of Lev Vygotsky. The mothers with more economic capital were able to use their social capital to allow one parent to stay at home teaching their children heritage language full-time. They were also able to purchase other people's time in the form of services and effectively use resources such as the Chinese school or travel to promote heritage language learning. Thus, they could actively pursue and establish goals for their children's heritage language learning. Mothers with less social capital were less able to provide an environment promoting early language learning and instead hoped for other resources in the future. The result was that mothers with more social capital were able to have their children excel in many languages including English, while mothers with less social capital not only had difficulty creating proficiency in heritage language but also in English. / text

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The purpose of this study was to explore the visual images that Taiwanese children created to represent their mental images and ideas. They responded to three different prompts and used different materials in their constructions and drawings. The study was an empirical investigation using qualitative research methodology to analyze the artistic products that were made by Taiwanese children. Participants, 150 kindergarten through fifth grade students in three different elementary schools located in the northern region of Taipei, completed three artistic tasks during their regularly scheduled art classes. The children generated products in their classrooms. They demonstrated their artistic abilities by constructing colored, geometric-shaped pieces (Improvisation/Task One), drawing as a response to one of two wordless picture books (Speculative Drawing/Task Two), and creating and drawing the most interesting way to go to school (Creative Drawing/Task Three). As part of the study, they also completed a questionnaire about their feelings toward the artistic tasks. The children's products were analyzed and interpreted to identify the works' distinguishing characteristicsIn the Improvisation Task, the connectors were a key factor in making complex and free standing three-dimensional products. Using connectors adeptly allowed the children to display their skills of depth perception. Also, children who could manipulate shapes and color masterfully created symmetric products more frequently. In the two drawing tasks, the children used a variety of representational symbols to illustrate their individual perspectives. Those who chose to complete cartoon-style drawings demonstrated their artistic abilities most strongly. The participants were shown pictorial narratives and created drawings based upon their memories or imaginations. The children used their art as a tool that allowed them to transfer their ideas and/or realities through art mediums of their choosing. The children reflected upon the artistic tasks in their answers to a questionnaire and indicated the enjoyment they felt in completing their products. Suggestions for practical applications and ways to change the research design in further research are discussed.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between work values, job involvement and organisational commitment among Taiwanese nurses in Taiwan. The objectives of this study are to: (1) describe the work values of Taiwanese nurses; (2) describe the job involvement of Taiwanese nurses; (3) describe the organisational commitment of Taiwanese nurses; (4) identify variables that affect work values, job involvement, and organisational commitment among Taiwanese nurses; and (5) identify the mediating effects of job involvement on work values and organisational commitment among Taiwanese nurses. Design: The study utilises a cross-sectional survey design. The sample consisted of RNs (N=1,047) recruited from a convenience sample in nine regional and teaching hospitals in Taiwan. Methods: Data was collected using a survey instrument consisting of 86 questions, including sociodemographic data, work values, job involvement, and organisational commitment. The data was analysed using descriptive bivariate analysis, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), General Linear Model (GLM) analysis with random effect, and structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings: Four sociodemographic variables, age, SES (i.e., education status, personal income, and position) were shown to be partially statistically significant to work values, job involvement and organisational commitment. Subsequent GLM analysis were shown work values were positively related to job involvement and organisational commitment, and job involvement is positively related to organisational commitment. Results of the proposed model using SEM revealed that job involvement could play an important role with mediation, and that establishing a higher level of job involvement may be more important than focusing only on organisational commitment. Conclusions: This study has implications for organisations attempting to enhance organisational commitment through increased job involvement. It is anticipated that by improving these various factors the outcome will be reduced turnover and absenteeism and more effective organisations. A more effective organisational environment will be more conducive to good nursing practice.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis explores the behaviour of job flows in Taiwan. The investigation of the behaviour of job creation and destruction has improved our understanding of the dynamics of the Taiwanese labour market and also has important implications in terms of economic research and policymaking. Chapter 2 discusses the basic features of the overall post-war Taiwanese economy. We find that large flows of workers enter and exit the employment pool. The large worker flows offer an interesting insight about the job flow dynamics. Based on the measures proposed in Chapter 3, Chapter 4 carefully examines the so-called small business job creation hypothesis. We find that small business can be viewed as the engine of job creation. However, small business is not the source of sustained increases in employment. Chapter 5 documents the basic features of job creation and destruction. We find that job creation is more volatile than job destruction in the manufacturing and service sectors, but reveals the opposite pattern in the construction sector. Based on the methodologies outlined in Chapter 6, Chapter 7 investigates the regime switching and asymmetric behaviour of job creation and destruction. We find that the interest rate can help to explain the asymmetric behaviour of job creation and destruction rates in all sectors. Furthermore, we find an interesting feature that a lower interest rate stimulated beneficial regime shifts in job flows. Chapter 8 explores the similarities and differences of regional business cycles by reference to the employment growth rate as well as job creation and destruction rates. We find that the regime switching behaviour of employment growth was similar across the North, Central and South regions. However, behaviour in the East Region was dramatically different. Furthermore, the regime switching behaviour of the common regional business cycle (specified in terms of employment growth) is consistent with the business cycle indicator proposed by Council for Economic Planning and Development (CEPD).