A qualitative study was done to explore and describe the problems of teenage mothers in the southern Hho-Hho region of Swaziland. Ten teenage mothers wrote naive sketches and fourteen teenage mothers were interviewed. The findings of the research indicated a lack of support for the teenage mother in all the dimensions studies in this research which include physical, social, cultural, emotional, spiritual, economical and educational. This lack of support systems were found to be the paramount problem and need urgent attention. The vicious circle of lack of support, ignorance, interruption of education and unplanned motherhood can only be addressed if all stakeholders including the multidisciplinary team actively participate to prevent teenage pregnancy and provide support for teenagers in general. / Nursing Science / M.A. (Nursing Science)

A qualitative study was done to explore and describe the problems of teenage mothers in the southern Hho-Hho region of Swaziland. Ten teenage mothers wrote naive sketches and fourteen teenage mothers were interviewed. The findings of the research indicated a lack of support for the teenage mother in all the dimensions studies in this research which include physical, social, cultural, emotional, spiritual, economical and educational. This lack of support systems were found to be the paramount problem and need urgent attention. The vicious circle of lack of support, ignorance, interruption of education and unplanned motherhood can only be addressed if all stakeholders including the multidisciplinary team actively participate to prevent teenage pregnancy and provide support for teenagers in general. / Adanced Nursing Sciences / M.A. (Nursing Science)

Orientador: Raul Aragão Martins / Banca: Patrícia Unger Raphael Bataglia / Banca: Marina Rezende Bazon / Resumo: Com a promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) em 1990, a criança e o adolescente passam a ser reconhecidos como cidadãos com direitos e deveres. Estes, num contexto de proteção integral, podem ser submetidos ao cumprimento de uma medida socioeducativa caso cometam ato infracional. O SINASE, documento que regulamenta essas medidas, pontua que a equipe técnica e educadores que atendem os adolescentes em conflito com a Lei são importantes agentes para que se cumpra efetivamente o cunho educativo e ressocializador das medidas. Esses profissionais lidam o tempo todo com questões de desrespeito às normas, regras e valores sociais, pois os adolescentes que atendem é um grupo já marcado legalmente por condutas transgressoras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a competência moral dos profissionais dos serviços socioeducativos, a fim de verificar se este profissional está apto a lidar com questões do desenvolvimento sócio-moral dos adolescentes. Além disso, buscou-se conhecer esses profissionais através de sua trajetória de estudos e trabalho e do cotidiano na atual função. O estudo pauta-se nas teorias de Piaget, Kohlberg e Lind, bem como nos documentos oficiais de diretrizes do sistema socioeducativo, SINASE e ECA, e em teorias sobre a formação do (sócio)educador. Foram participantes 27 profissionais que trabalham nas medidas socioeducativas de liberdade assistida e prestação de serviços à comunidade de três cidades do noroeste do estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi feita utilizando o Moral Judgment Test (MJT) de Lind (2000; BATAGLIA, 2010) e uma entrevista semi-estruturada em que procurou-se conhecer o perfil dos participantes. A análise dos resultados envolveu a avaliação dos escores obtidos pelo grupo na aplicação do MJT e a análise qualitativa das entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Como resultado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: With the promulgation of the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) (Child and Adolescent Statute) in 1990, the child and the adolescent started to be recognized as citizens with rights and duties. In a context of integral protection, they can be submitted to the fulfilling of a socioeducative measure in case they commit an act of infraction. SINASE, the document which regulates these measures indicates that the technical and educational staff that attend the adolescents in conflict with the Law are important agents for the effective following of the educative and resocializing aim of these measures. These professionals deal all the time with issues of disrespect to the norms, rules and social values because the adolescents they attend are already legally marked for transgressive conducts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the moral competence of the socio-educative services professionals, to verify if they are apt to deal with issues of the social moral development of the teenagers. Besides that, it was tried to know these professionals through their study and work trajectories and the everyday living in their current function. The study is based on the theories of Piaget, Kohlberg and Lind, as well as in the official documents of the policies of the socioeducative system, SINASE and ECA, and on theories about the formation of the (socio)educator. Twenty-seven professionals that work in the socioeducative measures of assisted freedom and communitarian services of three cities in the state of São Paulo participated. The data collection was done utilizing Lind's Moral Judgment Test (MJT) (2000; BATAGLIA, 2010) and a semi-structured interview in which it was tried to meet the profile of the participants. The results analysis involved the evaluation of the obtained scores by the group in the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A validaÃÃo dos diagnÃsticos de enfermagem à uma fase essencial no desenvolvimento do conhecimento para a prÃtica assistencial e para a promoÃÃo da saÃde da populaÃÃo assistida. Sabe-se que diagnÃsticos de enfermagem como Estilo de Vida SedentÃrio representam problemas atuais de grupos especÃficos como o de adolescentes. Faz-se necessÃrio aprimorar estes diagnÃsticos para facilitar sua utilizaÃÃo na prÃtica por enfermeiros. Portanto, para ampliar a confiabilidade desses diagnÃsticos, à preciso submetÃ-los a um processo de validaÃÃo, refinando o conjunto de indicadores clÃnicos e tornando confiÃvel sua utilizaÃÃo, tanto na prÃtica como no ensino. Assim, este estudo objetivou identificar a acurÃcia das caracterÃsticas definidoras. Estudo transversal desenvolvido com 564 adolescentes, de 14 a 19 anos, alunos de seis escolas pÃblicas de Fortaleza, CearÃ. A coleta de dados ocorreu no terceiro trimestre de 2012. Os dados foram coletados mediante aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrio e avaliaÃÃo fÃsica para identificaÃÃo das caracterÃsticas definidoras presentes em adolescentes com base em definiÃÃes conceituais e operacionais. Posteriormente, foram enviadas histÃrias clÃnicas para oito enfermeiros inferirem a presenÃa do diagnÃstico Estilo de vida sedentÃrio. Estas inferÃncias possibilitaram o cÃlculo de valores de sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo. A anÃlise estatÃstica foi efetuada pelo pacote estatÃstico IBM SPSS versÃo 20 e software R. O estudo foi aprovado por Comità de Ãtica em Pesquisa com parecer nÂ70539/12. A amostra era em sua maioria do sexo feminino, pertencente ao 1 ano do ensino mÃdio e com uma mÃdia de 16 anos de idade. O diagnÃstico Estilo de Vida SedentÃrio esteve presente em 48,6% dos participantes do grupo. Adolescentes do sexo feminino apresentaram 2,1 vezes mais chance de desenvolver o diagnÃstico. Entre as caracterÃsticas definidoras mais frequentes, destacam-se: Verbaliza preferÃncia por atividades com pouco exercÃcio fÃsico (59,9%), Capacidade respiratÃria diminuÃda (55,3%) e Escolhe uma rotina diÃria sem exercÃcios fÃsicos (49,1%). Vale destacar que ForÃa muscular diminuÃda nÃo foi evidenciada no grupo estudado. Destas, Escolhe uma rotina diÃria sem exercÃcios fÃsicos mostrou-se como a principal caracterÃstica para predizer o diagnÃstico (Se = 98,18; Es = 97,24). Entre os fatores relacionados mais prevalentes na amostra, destacam-se: Relato de dor (65,2%) e Falta de recursos (tempo, dinheiro, lugar, seguranÃa e equipamento) (61,3%). Os fatores relacionados Mobilidade prejudicada e IntolerÃncia à atividade nÃo foram encontrados nos adolescentes do estudo. Por fim, pode-se concluir que este estudo possibilitou determinar as caracterÃsticas definidoras mais especÃficas e fatores relacionados mais prevalentes na populaÃÃo de adolescentes e apresentar Escolhe uma rotina diÃria sem exercÃcios fÃsicos como a caracterÃstica legÃtima para Estilo de vida sedentÃrio. Diante da prevalÃncia do Estilo de vida sedentÃrio em praticamente metade da populaÃÃo estudada, à essencial que os enfermeiros continuem a investigar e discutir este diagnÃstico, a fim de promover intervenÃÃes mais efetivas desta resposta humana, bem como a promoÃÃo da validaÃÃo dos diagnÃsticos, enquanto instrumentos de tecnologia do cuidado. / The validation of nursing diagnoses is an essential phase in the development of knowledge to nursing practice and health promotion of the population served. It is known that nursing diagnoses as Sedentary Lifestyle represent current problems of specific groups such as teenagers. It is necessary to improve these diagnostics to facilitate their use in practice by nurses. Therefore, to extend the reliability of these diagnoses, we must subject them to a validation process, refining the set of clinical indicators and reliable making their use, both in practice and in teaching. Thus, this study aimed to identify the accuracy of the defining characteristics and prevalence of nursing diagnosis Sedentary lifestyle among adolescents in public school. Crosssectional study carried out with 564 adolescents, aged 14 to 19 years, students from seven public schools in Fortaleza, CearÃ. Data collection occurred in the third quarter and 2012. Data were collected through a questionnaire of physical examination to identify the defining characteristics present in adolescents based on conceptual and operational definitions. Subsequently, clinical histories were sent to eight nurses infer the presence of diagnostic Sedentary lifestyle. These inferences allowed the calculation of sensitivity, specificity and predictive value. Statistical analysis was performed by the statistical package SPSS  20 version. The study was approved by the ethics committee opinion research No. 70539/12. The population is mostly female, students of 1st year of high school and with an average age of 16. The results show a high prevalence of adolescents with a diagnosis Sedentary Lifestyle (48.6%), in which being female represents a 2.1 times greater chance of presenting a sedentary lifestyle. Among the most common defining characteristics stand out: "verbalizes preference for activities with little exercise" (59.9%), "decreased respiratory capacity" (55.3%) and "Choose a daily routine without exercising" ( 49.1%). It is noteworthy that decreased muscle strength was not observed in the study group. Of these, "Choose a daily routine without exercising" showed up as the main feature for predicting the diagnosis, high value under the ROC curve (0.9771) and elevated high-sensitivity value (98.18) and specificity (97 ,24) for the Sedentary Lifestyle. Among the factors related most prevalent, include: "Reporting of pain" (65.2%) and "Lack of resources (money, time, place, and safety equipment)" (61.3%). Factors related "mobility impaired" and "activity intolerance" were not found among adolescents studied. Finally, we can conclude that this study allowed us to determine the defining characteristics and related factors more specific to the adolescent population. But it is essential that nurses continue to investigate and discuss this diagnosis in order to promote more effective interventions that human response as well as the promotion of validation of diagnoses, as instruments of care technology.

M.Phil. (Adolescent Guidance) / Research studies indicate that so-called non-clinical or normal depression is a common and widespread phenomenon amongst adolescents and that the rate of depression increases dramatically in early adolescence, particularly amongst adolescent girls. Although depression is generally considered as a mood isturbance, it is in effect a whole body experience involving the mind, body and spirit of the adolescent and can cause a variety of future adjustment problems. Current research on adolescent depression indicates that depression is particularly responsive to intervention and that early identification will prevent the development of a pernicious form of depression in adolescents. This study thus focuses on the early identification of non-clinical or normal depression in girls in early adolescence. Guidelines are described to support them in their experience of normal depression. The application of guidelines is thus preventive in nature and aimed primarily at supporting the young adolescent girls. The research design followed in this study can be described as a qualitative design with an exploratory, descriptive and contextual focus. Data was collected by means of phenomenological interviews and field notes. A literature control was used to verify the findings. The study was conducted in two phases. In phase one young adolescent girls' experience of non-clinical depression was explored. In phase two the collected data was used as the basis for inferring and describing guidelines to support young adolescent girls who experience non-clinical depression. After the data was analysed, two broad themes were identified and were used as a basis to describe guidelines that can support young adolescent girls who experience normal depression. The first theme reflects their perception of how they experience nonclinical depression, while the second theme reflects the influence of dysfunctional interpersonal relationships between their family, peers or teachers and themselves in precipitating or maintaining their experiences. Guidelines inferred from these themes were described that could be applied to support them in these experiences. The findings from this study reveal that the young adolescent girls are not yet clinically depressed, However, if intervention measures are not implemented to support them, their feelings and experiences could develop into clinical depression. It is hoped that this study will assist in the early identification of non-clinical depression in young adolescent girls and that the guidelines will support them so that the development of clinical depression can be prevented.

No description available.

M.Phil. / AIDS is regarded as the most disastrous health threat in the world. The impact of HIV/AIDS goes beyond the physical well being of the individual: it affects the world's economic, social and political functioning. The greatest number of people living in sub-Saharan Africa, are infected or affected by HIV/AIDS.HIV/AIDS related issues amongst adolescents were neglected due to the visible impact of this pandemic on babies and adults. Adolescents' behaviour is regarded as high-risk because of their involvement in sexual activities at a young age. Presently there is no cure or vaccine for AIDS. The only effective way to prevent or reduce HIV transmission is through changing the behaviour that leads to HIV infection. The National and Provincial Departments of Health, Education and Welfare implemented various AIDS prevention programmes, focussing on promoting the practice of safer sex amongst adolescents. Unfortunately, these AIDS prevention programmes did not result in the behavioural changes of adolescents. The dissatisfying outcome questions the efficacy of the development and implementation of these programmes, although they have adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Most AIDS prevention programmes do not ·focus, nor accommodate the specific needs of adolescents, especially adolescent boys. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe adolescent boys' views about sexual activities and their specific needs in terms of an AIDS prevention programme. Guidelines would then be presented to developers of AIDS prevention programmes, based on the identified views and needs. The research design was based on qualitative research because of its exploratory, descriptive and contextual nature. The collection of the data was done by means of focus group interviews and field notes reflecting the observation done during the interviews. The analysis of the data was done according to Tesch's approach of data reduction. Literature was used to compare and complement the results. Applying Guba' s model on trustworthiness ensured the trustworthiness ofthe research. The results of the fieldwork indicated the following themes: • Most adolescents are sexually active. • Different roles and motives exist for adolescent boys and girls in terms of sex. • Adolescents externalise the risks HIV presents. • Three categories of views exist toward the acceptability of involvement in sexual activity, ranging from unacceptable to acceptable. • Adolescents' experience underlying feelings of fear in terms of issues related to sex. • Adolescents' needs in terms of AIDS prevention programmes mainly focus on the functionality of the information that is provided as well as the presentation of these programmes. • The importance of ongoing sex education, including HIV/ AIDS related 1ssues, were stressed by adolescents and confirmed by literature. Based on these findings, guidelines were presented to inform developers of HIV/AIDS programmes, of the specific needs adolescent boys need to be addressed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a breastfeeding education program on breastfeeding initiation rates, breastfeeding knowledge, and attitude towards breastfeeding among teenage mothers at an urban school for pregnant and parenting teens. Breastfeeding initiation rose from 35.7% in the control group to 85.2% in the treatment group. The mean score on the Breastfeeding Knowledge Subscale was significantly higher for the treatment group but not the control group. There was not a significant increase in mean scores on the Breastfeeding Attitude Subscale. Participants who initiated breastfeeding scored also had a significant increase in scores from pretest to posttest on the Breastfeeding Knowledge Subscale, while participants who did not initiate breastfeeding did not.

No description available.

MA (Psychology) / Department of Psychology / See the attached abstract below