The notion of salience in the discourse analysis models how the activation of referred objects evolves in the flow of text. The salience algorithm was already defined and tested briefly in an earlier research, we present a reproduction of its results in a larger scale using data from the Prague Discourse Treebank 1.0. The results are then collected into an accessible shape and analyzed both in their visual and quantitative form in the context of the two main resources of the salience - coreference relations and topic-focus articulation. Finally, attempts are made with using the salience information in the machine learning NLP tasks of document clustering and topic modeling. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Presentamos los estudios no destuctivos realizados sobre cintas cuperconductoras y capas de YBCO crecidas por la técnica de MOD-TFA mediante la espectroscopía micro-Raman, complementados por otras técnicas tales como XRD, SEM, TEM, resistividad y densidad de corriente crítica. Determinamos cuantitativamente el grado de textura uniaxial y biaxial de las cintas superconductoras de YBCO e investigamos aspectos tales como la orientación del cristal, uniformidad, fases secundarias, impurezas, contenido de oxígeno y defectos de las capas crecidas mediante MOD-TFA, basados en las reglas de seleccción específicas para el YBCO y los experimentos de dispersión Raman polarizada. Además, hemos estudiado los principales parámetros de crecimiento y su relevancia en la microestructura final y en las propiedades superconductoras. Finalmente, estudiamos el rol de la fases intermedias en los mecanismos de nucleación y crecimiento del YBCO. / We present the non-destructive studies on coated conductors and YBCO TFA-MOD films by micro-Raman spectroscopy complemented by other techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, resistiviy and critical current density. We determined quantitatively the degree of uniaxial and biaxial texture of YBCO coated conductors and investigated aspects like crystal orientation, uniformity, secondary phases, impurities, oxygen content and defects of TFA-MOD grown films based on the specific Raman selection rules for YBCO and polarized Raman scattering experiments. Moreover, we have studied the main YBCO TFA growth parameters and their relevance in the final microstructure and superconducting properties. Finally, we studied the role of the intermediate phases on the mechanism of YBCO nucleation and growth.

The notion of salience in the discourse analysis models how the activation of referred objects evolves in the flow of text. The salience algorithm was already defined and tested briefly in an earlier research, we present a reproduction of its results in a larger scale using data from the Prague Dependency Treebank 3.0. The results are then collected into an accessible shape and analyzed both in their visual and quantitative form in the context of the two main resources of the salience - coreference relations and topic-focus articulation. Furthermore, a possibility of modeling the salience degree by a machine learning algorithm (decision trees and random forest) is examined. Finally, attempts are made with using the salience information in the machine learning NLP task of document clustering visualization. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Teacher attrition is problematic in schools serving marginalized populations. Teacher attrition rates are 50% higher in Title I schools than in non-Title I schools (Carver-Thomas & Darling-Hammond, 2017). Furthermore, attrition among teachers whose main teaching assignments are in mathematics and science is 70% higher in Title I schools as compared to mathematics and science teachers in non-Title I schools. This study investigates mathematics and science teachers who enter the profession through Teach for America (TFA), which places thousands of teachers in high-needs schools for a two-year commitment. While existing research on TFA literature has investigated the final decisions made by TFA teachers regarding their post-commitment plans, the process by which the teachers develop their post-commitment plans throughout their first two years in teaching, and the extent to which their plans change throughout these years is unknown, as is the role of TFA teachers’ support networks in this decision-making process. Focusing on the Massachusetts cohort that began teaching in the 2018–2019 school year, this study explores how ten TFA teachers developed, maintained, and used support networks using three semi-structured interviews with the teachers during their second year as teachers. I also develop a model for the teachers’ decision-making processes regarding their intended plans and the role of the teachers’ support networks in these processes. Finally, implications of this deepened understanding of the teachers’ decision-making process on teacher education programs, TFA, the schools/districts where the teachers are placed, and on future research on teacher retention are explored.

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The purpose of this action study was to assess effects of a psychoeducational group on thoughts, feelings and actions of adults with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Specifically this study was designed to change organizational skills of ADHD adults using the TFA System and Group Pentagon. Three groups were evaluated during this study. Nine adults with ADHD in the treatment group participated in all of the pretesting, treatment and posttesting. Eight adults with ADHD served as a control group and participated in all of the pretesting and posttesting but received no treatment. Sixteen normal adults served as a second control group and were administered some evaluation instruments as a pretest in order to compare their scores to the two ADHD groups. Pre and posttest assessments consisted of: TFA self-assessments, a seven item checklist of organizational skills and a seven scale inventory of adult ADHD behaviors. A four session psychoeducational group was constructed using information from literature, assessments and Group Pentagon. Specific interventions were designed to improve individual behavior related to time management and task completion. Results showed that the TFA and Group Pentagon models had both statistical and practical effects in improving organizational skills of the treatment group. Participants were able to examine and change their thoughts, feelings and actions to improve time management and task completion skills. The ADHD control group showed no statistically significant changes. / Ph. D.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-11T14:56:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 emersontomazdacosta.pdf: 8177799 bytes, checksum: 632d980c765ede7360c28b736b9599e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:36:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 emersontomazdacosta.pdf: 8177799 bytes, checksum: 632d980c765ede7360c28b736b9599e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 emersontomazdacosta.pdf: 8177799 bytes, checksum: 632d980c765ede7360c28b736b9599e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, tem como objetivo investigar, identificar e analisar o uso de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) no ensino do Teorema Fundamental da Álgebra (TFA) no Ensino Médio (EM). Especificamente, o objetivo é organizar e delinear atividades investigativas em que se utilizem as TICs no estudo dos Polinômios, no que concerne à apreciação de pontos, círculos e curvas de R2 em R2 . As atividades foram desenvolvidas com alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Médio, de uma escola militar, identificando as contribuições que ocorreram no processo de ensino e aprendizagem do TFA com o uso do Software TFA. A fundamentação da Metodologia de Pesquisa quanto ao uso das TICs na Educação Matemática pautou-se nas ideias de Miskulin (1999), Borba e Penteado (2010) e outros. O resultado da pesquisa revela uma expressiva necessidade de atividades inovadoras com o uso pelas TICs no estudo dos Polinômios, em que aluno e professor possam interagir de forma que, a aprendizagem do objeto matemático e a prática pedagógica, se torne evidente nesse processo. Dessa forma, como Produto Educacional, resultado da presente Dissertação, são apresentadas atividades investigativas que podem ser desenvolvidas no Ensino Médio, no estudo dos Polinômios. / This search with qualitative character has as an aims to investigate, identify and analyze the use of information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in teaching the Fundamental Theorem of algebra (TFA) in high school (in). Specifically, the goal is to organize and outline investigative activities in wich ICTs are used in the study of polynomials, concerning the assessment of points, circles and curve of R2 at R2. The activities were developed with students of the third of high year school, a military school, by identifying the contributions that have occurred in the process of teaching an learning software rising the TFA. The basis of the research methodology for the use of ICT in mathematics education was based on the ideas of Miskulin (1999), Borba, Penteado (2010) and others. The result of the research reveals a significant need for innovative activities using ICT in the study of polynomials, where students and teachers can interact so that, learning the objective mathematical and pedagogical practice, this process becomes evident. Thus, educational product as a result of this dissertation are presented research that can be developed in high school, in the study if polynomials.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Each biological cell is surrounded by a membrane that consists of many different kinds of lipids. The lipids are mainly composed of phospholipids, which form a fluid bilayer that serves as the platform for the function of membrane bound proteins regulating cellular activity. In the research described in this thesis we employed solid state 2H NMR, complemented by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and MD (molecular dynamics) simulations, to study the effect of PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and TFA (trans fatty acids) on molecular organization in protein-free model membranes of controlled composition. These two classes of unsaturated fatty acid incorporate into membrane lipids and have, respectively, a beneficial and harmful impact on health. The aim is to gain insight into the molecular origin of this behavior. DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), which with 6 "natural" cis double bonds is the most highly unsaturated PUFA found in fish oils, and EA (elaidic acid), which with only a single "unnatural" trans double bond is the simplest manmade TFA often found in commercially produced food, were the focus. 2H NMR spectra for [2H31]-N-palmitoylsphingomyelin ([2H31]16:0SM) in SM/16:0-22:6PE (1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoylphosphatidylethanolamine)/cholesterol (1:1:1 mol) mixed membranes were recorded. This system served as our PUFA-containing model. The spectra are consistent with lateral separation into nano-sized (< 20 nm) domains that are SM-rich/cholesterol-rich (raft), characterized by higher chain order, and DHA-rich/cholesterol-poor (non-raft), characterized by lower chain order. The aversion cholesterol has for DHA, as opposed to the affinity cholesterol has for predominantly saturated SM, excludes the sterol from DHA-containing PE-rich domains and DHA from SM-rich/cholesterol-rich domains. It is the formation of highly disordered membrane domains that we hypothesize is responsible, in part, for the diverse health benefits associated with dietary consumption of DHA. 2H NMR spectra for 1-elaidoyl-2-[2H35]stearoylphosphatidylcholine (t18:1-[2H35]18:0PC) and 1-oleoyl-2-[2H35]stearoylphosphatidylcholine (c18:1-[2H35]18:0PC) were recorded to compare membranes with respect to a trans vs. cis ("natural") double bond. The spectra indicate that while a trans double bond produces a smaller deviation from linear conformation than a cis double bond, membrane order is decreased by a comparable amount because the energy barrier to rotation about the C-C single bonds either side of a <italic>trans</italic> or <italic>cis</italic> double bond is reduced. Although EA adopts a conformation somewhat resembling a saturated fatty acid, the TFA is almost as disordered as its <italic>cis</italic> counterpart oleic acid (OA). We speculate that EA could be mistaken for a saturated fatty acid and infiltrate lipid rafts to disrupt the high order therein that is necessary for the function of signaling proteins.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-12-11T11:55:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Vieira Kotzias.pdf: 3471482 bytes, checksum: 67b61f757300f836852265e45b5ff0a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T11:55:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Vieira Kotzias.pdf: 3471482 bytes, checksum: 67b61f757300f836852265e45b5ff0a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-05 / The Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) represents an important step for Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) towards the reduction of bureaucracy and transactional costs, as well to the increase in the transparency of foreign trade operations, in particular where Customs are concerned. The inclusion of this topic in WTO negotiations’ agenda was due to the perception that, as trade has become more liberalized, a new international regulatory architecture emerged, shifting the focus of policymakers from tariff barriers to other impediments to the cross-border movement of goods, particularly to those of an administrative and logistical nature. After almost twenty years of negotiations on its structure and content, the TFA was signed in 2013 during the Bali Conference and became effective in February 2017. Even though Brazil has only ratified the agreement in 2018 by means of Decree n. 9.326/2018, the Brazilian Government submitted its notification to WTO in 2016 designating 95.8% of the TFA commitments to be implemented immediately. The remaining 4.2% were scheduled to be implemented until December 2019. This was a bold position and has generated great expectations for operators and other interested parties in international trade. Nevertheless, Brazil remains poorly evaluated by national and international indicators that measure transaction costs, as most of the measures under the TFA continue to be totally or partially disregarded in practice, which is a major complain from the Brazilian private sector. In this context, the research problem addressed in this thesis is to identify the bottlenecks to the greater efficiency of the management of foreign trade in Brazil and evaluate the necessity of political, institutional and normative reforms and adjustments in order to foster the effective implementation of WTO trade facilitation obligations and increase Brazil’s integration into international trade. The proposed analysis is based on extensive bibliographical and documentary research, exploring doctrinal sources, national jurisprudence and WTO precedents to discuss the implications of the commitments signed within the scope of the WTO in the Brazilian legal system. From this, an attempt was made to inductively analyze the barriers to trade facilitation and legal uncertainty faced by trade operators. Finally, the research problem is addressed based on the study of foreign models and recommendations of international organizations. This thesis was structured in four chapters, in order to first present important concepts and delimitations in terms of trade facilitation and the way in which international obligations are internalized into the national legal order and discuss the Brazilian political-institutional structure regarding the regulation of foreign trade matters. Finally, based on the understandings and clarifications presented, recommendations are proposed for the implementation of trade facilitation in Brazil. Additionally, possible actions and reforms are directed to each of the main powers and articulators of Brazilian foreign trade individually, which are the Legislative Branch, the Executive Branch, the Judiciary Branch and the private sector / O Acordo sobre a Facilitação do Comércio (AFC) representa um passo importante dos Membros da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) quanto à desburocratização, redução dos custos de transação e aumento da transparência nas operações de comércio internacional, sobretudo na atuação das Aduanas. A inclusão do tema na pauta de negociações da OMC deve-se à percepção dos Estados de que, à medida que o comércio se tornou mais liberalizado, houve uma mudança na arquitetura regulatória internacional, que direcionou parte do foco de contenção e eliminação de barreiras tarifárias para outros impedimentos ao movimento transfronteiriço de mercadorias, particularmente àqueles de natureza administrativa e logística. Após quase vinte anos de negociações sobre a estrutura normativa e o conteúdo do acordo, o AFC foi assinado em 2013 durante a Conferência de Bali, entrando em vigor em fevereiro de 2017. O Brasil ratificou o AFC apenas em abril de 2018, por meio do Decreto 9.326/2018, ainda que o governo brasileiro tenha notificado formalmente a OMC em 2016 sobre o seu compromisso de implementar imediatamente 95,8% do conteúdo do acordo, deixando apenas os 4,2% das obrigações restantes para implementação posterior, marcada para ocorrer até dezembro de 2019. Trata-se de posição arrojada e que despertou grande expectativa dos operadores e demais interessados no comércio internacional. Ocorre que o Brasil continua mal avaliado pelos indicadores nacionais e internacionais que medem custos de transação e grande parte das medidas contidas no acordo seguem sendo descumpridas total ou parcialmente na prática, sendo este um grande ponto de descontentamento do setor privado brasileiro. Nesse contexto, o problema de pesquisa que se pretende endereçar na presente tese volta-se à identificação dos gargalos à maior eficiência da gestão do comércio exterior brasileiro e à avaliação de reformas e ajustes necessários, em termos políticos, institucionais e normativos, para que o Brasil efetivamente implemente suas obrigações relativas à facilitação no âmbito da OMC e aumente sua integração ao comércio internacional. A análise proposta foi realizada a partir de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, explorando fontes doutrinárias e precedentes jurisprudenciais da OMC para discussão das implicações dos compromissos firmados no âmbito da OMC no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. A partir disso, buscou-se, de modo indutivo, analisar os entraves existentes à facilitação do comércio e a insegurança jurídica causada aos operadores. Por fim, buscou-se responder o problema de pesquisa com base no estudo de modelos estrangeiros e recomendações de organismos internacionais. O trabalho foi estruturado em quatro capítulos, de forma a, primeiramente, apresentar conceitos e delimitações importantes em termos de facilitação do comércio e da forma como as obrigações internacionais são internalizadas no ordenamento jurídico nacional para, a partir disso, discutir a estrutura político-institucional e normativa do Brasil em matéria de comércio exterior. Por fim, a partir dos entendimentos e esclarecimentos apresentados, propõem-se recomendações para a efetivação da facilitação do comércio no Brasil, apresentando, de forma específica, ações e reformas direcionadas a cada um dos principais poderes e articuladores do comércio exterior brasileiro: o Poder Legislativo, o Poder Executivo, o Poder Judiciário e o setor privado

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