[pt] A tese propõe uma reflexão sobre a relação entre sujeito e linguagem a partir da obra do cineasta dinamarquês Carl Theodor Dreyer (1889-1968). Após a revisão crítica das estratégias de interpretação que caracterizam a abordagem de sua obra, analisa a violência discursiva e a força performática da linguagem presentes em seus filmes – 14 longas-metragens de ficção, dos quais 9 são do período do cinema mudo e 5 sonoros. Mostra que, embora se mantenha dentro dos limites de uma narratividade límpida, Dreyer faz do cinema uma arte que não cessou de problematizar o homem como corpo falante, que arrisca o seu destino e a própria vida na linguagem. Por trás da heterodoxia estilística e da variedade de temas e épocas que seus filmes retratam, Dreyer enfoca insistentemente esse encontro desencontrado entre corpos e palavras. A tese situa sua filmografia na passagem do cinema mudo ao sonoro, este frequentemente celebrado como progresso técnico-estético, que acabou por reforçar o encobrimento da disjunção sujeito-palavra, corpo-voz. As análises privilegiaram situações fílmicas em que os personagens realizam atos de palavra – tais como o juramento, a maldição e a promessa –, estudados através das noções de sacramento da linguagem (Giorgio Agamben) e atos de verdade (Michel Foucault). Já no seu primeiro filme, O presidente, o juramento é um evento crucial. Reaparece sob a forma da promessa quebrada em A noiva de Glomdal, e se complexifica em A paixão de Joana D Arc, seu último filme mudo. Tais atos evidenciam que a transparência da linguagem, empiricamente impossível, será buscada através de técnicas de poder que procuram garantir uma fiel correspondência entre ato e palavra para assim enraizar a linguagem nesses corpos incontroláveis, fonte incessante de confusão, perjúrio e mentira. A tese é composta de capítulos autônomos, porém complementares, e permite diferentes percursos de leitura. / [en] This dissertation sets out to reflect on the relation between subject and lan-guage based on the work of the Danish film-maker Carl Theodor Dreyer (1889-1968). It critically reviews the strategies of interpretation that characterize previ-ous approaches to his work and subsequently analyzes the discursive violence and performatic force of the language employed in his films (fourteen full-length fic-tion films consisting of 9 silent movies and 5 talkies). While remaining within the bounds of a limpid form of narration, Dreyer s cinema continually explored the problem of man as a talking animal that risks its own life and destiny through lan-guage. Underneath the heterodoxy of styles and the variety of themes and epochs portrayed in his films, Dreyer insistently focuses on the missed encounter between body and word. The dissertation situates his filmography at the point where cine-ma transitioned from silent to the talking mode, a moment often seen as a tech-nical and aesthetic advance, which ended up further concealing the subject/word and body/voice disjunction. It focuses on film situations in which the characters perform deeds in words – such as taking oaths and making curses and promises. These analyses are studied borrowing notions of the sacrament of language (Giorgio Agamben) and acts of truth (Michel Foucault). In his very first film, The President, oath-taking is already a crucial event. Reappearing in the form of a broken promise in The Bride of Glomdal, this grows more complex in The Passion of Jeanne D Arc, his last silent movie. Such speech acts show that language transparency, which is empirically impossible, is persistently sought by means of power techniques designed to ensure that act and word correspond faithfully, thus setting roots for language in these uncontrollable bodies, which are an endless sources of confusion, perjury and lie. The autonomous, though complementary chapters of the dissertation allow for multiple directions and sequences of reading.

This study investigates the concept and assessment of housing affordability. Housing affordability is a multi-dimensional issue, yet it is typically assessed quite simply in terms of the financial burden of housing costs. The study frames the housing affordability problem as encompassing more than financial costs of housing and household ability to meet these costs, and extends to larger issues of social wellbeing and community sustainability. This thesis provides an original contribution to new knowledge by developing and applying a complex model for the assessment of sustainable housing affordability. The model is holistic and is capable of considering a broad spectrum of criteria determining housing affordability and the wellbeing of households, including economic, environmental and social aspects. Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques are innovatively applied for the analysis of sustainable housing affordability. The chosen methodology of MCDM allows a multidimensional analysis of both quantitative and qualitative criteria Influencing the affordability of housing and household wellbeing. The thesis presents the results of a case study assessment of 10 areas in Liverpool, UK as a practical example of the sustainable housing affordability assessment model. This allows the given areas to be ranked in respect of their sustainable housing affordability. The model can assist stakeholders, such as central governments, local authorities, developers and consumers, on both a national and international scale, in making comprehensive and informed decisions concerning affordability. The model provides a complex analysis of the criteria that influence the affordability of housing, beyond the financial implications experienced by households and better reflecting household wellbeing and sustain ability concerns. The tool could be utilised as a potential planning indicator for shaping local housing markets. The rankings derived from the model may be used as a locational decision aid and to support new housing development that will meet the needs of low and moderate income residents in ways that go beyond traditional notions of financial burden.

Orientador: Peter Christian Hackspacher / Banca: Norberto Morales / Banca: Sandro Guedes / Banca: Cláudio Riccomini / Banca: Pedro José Nunes / Resumo: Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados obtidos por meio de análises geomorfológicas (Mapa de Níveis de Paleosuperfícies) e termocronológicos (traços de fissão em apatitas e U-Th/He em apatitas) ao longo da Serra do Mar nos setores (1), (2), (3) e (4). As correlações entre as analises geomorfológicas e termocronológicas evidenciaram uma geológica e geomorfológica compreendida entre o Cretáceo Superior e Paleoceno, demonstrando que a evolução das morfologias que compõem a área de estudo estiveram associadas a eventos tectônicos e sucedidos por uma intensa atividade erosiva. De acordo com as datações realizadas utilizando termocronômetros com temperatura de fechamento distintas, estes indicaram que as configurações dos relevos que compõem a Serra do Mar não podem ser associadas apenas aos efeitos das atividades erosivas (recuo de escarpa) e isostáticas, para poderem explicar a homogeneidade entre as idades de traços de fissão e (U-Th)/He em apatitas, sem a presença da atuação tectônica soerguendo e desnivelando parte destes relevos. / Abstract: In this paper the results obtained geomorphological analysis (Map of levels of Palaeosurfaces) and thermochronogical analysis (apatite fission-track and UTh/ He). The correlation between the geomorphologica and the thermochronological analysis evidenced a geological and geomorphological evolution from the Upper Cretaceous to the Palaeocene, showing that the evolution of the morpholoies composing the study area were associated to tectonics events and preceded by intense erosive activity. According to the datings done using thermocronometers with distinct closing temperatures the configuration of the relieves that compose the Serra do Mar can not be associated only to the effects of the erosive (escarpment retreate) and isostatic activities but also to the tectonic motion uplifting and unlevelling part such morphologies, in order to explain the homogeneity between the ages of the fission-track and U-Th/He of apatites. / Doutor

The thesis aims on the policy-making in the EU with the focus on the climate change policy. The thesis analyses the way the climate change policy is decided within the EU and on the international level. It describes the legislative procedure and the development of international and European climate change policy - including the case study focusing on the process of negotiating the proposal on land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF).

The research contained herein yielded an open source interpolation library implemented in and designed for use with the Python programming language. This library, named smbinterp, provides an interpolation to an arbitrary degree of accuracy. The library is parametric in that is can take input from the user to adjust the underlying interpolation mechanism. The characteristics and behavior of the library according to the adjustment of these parameters is presented herein, as well as the results of a mesh resolution study depicting the accuracy obtained by the library. The smbinterp library was designed with parallel computing environments in mind. The library includes modules that allow for its use in high-performance computing environments. These modules were implemented using built-in Python modules to simplify deployment. This implementation was found to scale linearly approximately 180 participating compute processes. The smbinterp library was designed to be mesh agnostic. A plugin system was implemented that allows end users to conveniently and consistently present their numerical results to the library for rapid prototyping and integration. Two plugins are provided as examples and for documentation of the plugin mechanism.

No description available.

The present work concerns the regulation of B cell activation, growth and terminal differentiation of helper T cells. T cell dependent (TD) B cell activation requires physical cell to cell contact between competent helper T cells (TH) and B cells and the recognition of MHC Class II antigens. The involvement of immunoglobulin receptors in TD B cell induction and maturation of B cells to plasma cells, however, are still unclear. Long term helper T cell lines and clones were raised against naturally expressed minor transplantation antigens. Using such antigen specific TH lines and clones, the mechanisms controlling growth and maturation of B cells to plasma cells were studied. Specific TH cells against both H-Y and C3H/Tif "minor" antigens were able to polyclonally induce small, resting B lymphocytes to proliteration and high rate antibody secretion. This observation definitively excludes an obligatory role of membrane immunoglobulin molecules in TD B cell triggering. In contrast to other similarly derived TH clones, a variant clone, was isolated which was fully competent to activate B cells to proliferation but did not induce PFC in T cell depleted "target" spleen cells. This defect could, however, be fully reconstituted by cell culture supernatants derived from competent TH clones (but not from the variant clone). These results indicated the presence of two distinct factors in such supernatants, controlling either growth or maturation in TD B cell responses, and lead to further efforts in their characterization. A B cell growth factor (BSF-pI) derived from such supernatants, with a Mr of 15-20 kD, displayed no mitogenicity on small, resting B lymphocytes and failed to induce PFC in prol iterating B cells. On the other hand, two distinct species of B cell maturation factors (BMA) were separated from the supernatants with Mr of 60 kD and 30 kD, respectively. These factors induced PFC of several antibody isotypes in assays were only maturation activity was limiting, but only the 60 kD species induced Ig-secretion, in pure populations of lymphoma cells (WEHI-279.1). Finally, neonatal B cells were shown to be inducible to growth but not to immunoglobulin secretion by competent TH cells, in the absence of suppressive effects in the neonatal spleen cell population. These results suggest that "early" B lymphocytes are intrinsically defective in the reception or processing of maturation signals. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1984, härtill 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

<p>Analyses of nuclear reactor safety have increasingly required coupling of full three dimensional neutron kinetics (NK) core models with system transient thermal-hydraulics (TH) codes. To produce results within a reasonable computing time, the coupled codes use different spatial description of the reactor core. The TH code uses few, typically 5 to 20 TH channels, which represent the core. The NK code uses explicit node for each fuel assembly. Therefore, a spatial mapping of coarse grid TH and fine grid NK domain is necessary. However, improper mappings may result in loss of valuable information, thus causing inaccurate prediction of safety parameters.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to study the sensitivity of spatial coupling (channel refinement and spatial mapping) and develop recommendations for NK-TH mapping in simulation of safety transients – Control Rod Drop, Turbine Trip, Feedwater Transient combined with stability performance (minimum pump speed of recirculation pumps).</p><p>The research methodology consists of spatial coupling convergence study, as increasing number of TH channels and different mapping approach the reference case. The reference case consists of one TH channel per one fuel assembly. The comparison of results has been done under steady-state and transient conditions. Obtained results and conclusions are presented in this licentiate thesis.</p>

Characterising the geochemistry and speciation of major contaminant radionuclides is crucial in order to understand their behaviour and migration in complex environmental systems. Organic complexing agents used in nuclear decontamination have been found to enhance migration of radionuclides at contaminated sites; however, the mechanisms of the interactions in complex environments are poorly understood. In this work, radionuclide speciation and sorption behaviour were investigated in order to identify interactions between four key radionuclides with different oxidation states (Cs(I) and Sr(II) as important fission products; Th(IV) and U(VI) as representative actinides), three anthropogenic organic complexing agents with different denticities (EDTA, NTA and picolinic acid as common co-contaminants), and natural sand (as simple environmental solid phase). A UV spectrophotometric and an IC method were developed to monitor the behaviour of EDTA, NTA and picolinic acid in the later experiments. The optimised methods were simple, applied widely-available instrumentation and achieved the necessary analytical figures of merit to allow a compound specific determination over variable background levels of DOC and in the presence of natural cations, anions and radionuclides. The effect of the ligands on the solubility of the radionuclides was studied using a natural sand matrix and pure silica for comparison of anions, cations and organic carbon. In the silica system, the presence of EDTA, NTA and, to a lesser extent, picolinic acid, showed a clear net effect of increasing Th and U solubility. Conversely, in the sand system, the sorption of Th and U was kinetically controlled and radionuclide complexation by the ligands enhanced the rate of sorption, by a mechanism identified as metal exchange with matrix metals. Experiments in which excess EDTA, NTA and picolinic acid (40 – 100 fold excess) were pre-equilibrated with Th and U prior to contact with the sand, to allow a greater degree of radionuclide complex formation, resulted in enhanced rates of sorption. This confirmed that the radionuclide complexes interacted with the sand surface more readily than uncomplexed Th or U. Overall this shows that Th and U mobility would be lowered in this natural sand by the presence of organic co-contaminants. In contrast, the complexation of Sr with the complexing agents was rapid and the effect of the ligands was observed as a net increase on Sr solubility (EDTA, picolinic acid) or sorption (NTA). As expected, Cs did not interact with the ligands, and showed rapid sorption kinetics. Finally, ESI-MS was used to study competitive interactions in the aqueous Th-Mn-ligand ternary system. Quantification presented a challenge, however, the careful approach taken to determine the signal correction allowed the competitive interactions between Mn and Th for EDTA to be studied semi-quantitatively. In an EDTA limited system, Th displaced Mn from the EDTA complex, even in the presence of a higher Mn concentration, which was consistent with the higher stability constant of the Th-EDTA complex.

Este estudo tem como fim contribuir para o conhecimento da recepção latina no Portugal quinhentista, revelada na análise da vulgarização portuguesa intitulada \"Sonho de Scipião\". Este texto vulgarizado pelo fidalgo português duarte de Resende e impresso pela primeira vez em 1531 por Germão de Galharde, juntamente com outros dois tratados ciceronianos, uma carta dedicatória e uma \"Vida de Marco Túlio\". Assim,esta pesquisa busca aprofundar o conhecimento das relações entre as letras portuguesas do século XVI com as autocritates latinas, especificamente na apropriação e uso oratório e ético dos tratados de filosofia moral ciceronianos. Assim, para evidenciar as motivações de Resende em publicar o Somnium Scipionis de Cícero em língua vulgar portuguesa, observamos a prática de vulgarizações da Corte de Avis, analisando cartas, prólogos e obras divulgadas desde o século XV. Em seguida, relacionamos o Sonho de Scipião português com questões do tempo, tais como a tópica da valorização da língua vulgar, o Averroísmo paduano e a difusão do pensamento erasmista. Por fim, detivemo-nos a analisar retoricamente a vulgarização quinhentista de Duarte de Resende intitulada Sonho de Scipião. / This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the latin reception in XVIth centurty Portugal, as revealed by the analysis of the portuguese popularization entitled Sonho de Scipião. This text was popularized by the portuguese gentleman, duarte de Resende, and was firtly printed in 1531 by Germão de Galharde, together with two other ciceronian treaties, a dedication-letter and \"Vida de Marco Tulio\". Moreover, this research seeks to deepen the knowledge of the relation between the portuguese letters of the XVIth century and the latin auctoritates, specifically as to the oratorical and ethical appropriation and use of Cicero\'s treatises of moral philosophy. Thus to reveal, Resende\'s motivation in the publication of Cicero\'s Somnium Scipionis in portuguese vernacular language, it has observed the practice of popularization from the Court of Aviz, analysing letters, prologues and other widespread works since the XVth century. Then, it puts the portuguese Sonho de Scipião into perspective with other questions of its time, such as the topic of enhanced valuation of vernacular language, of padouan averroism and diffusion of erasmist thought. Last, it has concentrated on the rhetorical analysis of the XVth century popularization by Duarte de Resende, entitled Sonho de Scipião.