abstract: Previous research used the context-free Big Five model of personality traits to predict social media behaviors. The perspective implicit in this research assumes that expression of the Big Five is free of situational context. This thesis challenges this assumption to address whether people express the same Big Five on social media as offline. In two studies, this thesis addressed three issues: (1) whether there are self-reported differences in the Big Five between social media/online and offline contexts, (2) whether a five-factor structure replicates in the offline and social media context reports, and (3) whether the predictive validity of the Big Five is the same between offline and social media contexts. College students (total N = 2102) reported their offline and social media Big Five. Main findings reveal that, first, all of the Big Five have lower expressions in social media/online than offline, except for those in the lowest quartile of offline trait expressions; possible explanations include regression towards the mean or the environmental impact of social media. Second, a similar factor structure appeared with openness, extraversion, and neuroticism items being the most robust between offline and social media contexts. However, some conscientiousness and agreeableness items did not apply across offline and social media contexts. Third, the Big Five had different predictive patterns of social media behaviors depending on the context. These findings inform that future research may better serve to specify the context of Big Five expression to understand social media behavior. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2020

Cognitive adaptability has been conceptualised as the ability to effectively and appropriately change decision policies (i.e. to learn) given feedback (inputs) from the environmental context in which cognitive processing is embedded. Based on a large sample of 2650 established entrepreneurs in South Africa, this study attempts to determine how entrepreneurs cognitively adapt to unpredictable entrepreneurial environments. Multidimensional constructs representing cognitive adaptability and the Big Five personality traits were operationalised and empirically investigated. It was hypothesised that the Big Five personality trait dimensions of openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness are positively related to the cognitive adaptability dimensions of goal orientation, metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experience, and metacognitive choice and monitoring. Neuroticism was hypthesised to be negatively related to the cognitive adaptability dimensions of goal orientation, metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experience, metacognitive choice and monitoring. Hypotheses were tested using structured equation modelling and correlational and regression analysis. Results provide support for subcomponents of the Big Five personality traits. Intellectual interest (openness to experience), goal striving (conscientiousness), activity (extraversion), prosocial orientation (agreeableness) were found to be positively related to cognitive adaptability. They were found to be negatively related to prior metacognitive knowledge. Self-reproach (neuroticism) was found to be negatively related to cognitive adaptability. It was found to be positively related to prior metacognitive knowledge. This research builds on and extends existing literature on cognitive adaptability in an entrepreneurial context by bringing together two streams of literature from psychology metacognition and personality traits. The implications of the process for dynamic, adaptable thinking are important in an emerging context such as that found in South Africa. The results of this study will inform the practice of policy makers who are trying to encourage start-up entrepreneurs to think about thinking in unpredictable entrepreneurial environments. In terms of methodology, the use of a sample of established entrepreneurs is desirable for this type of research since metacognition is better studied in entrepreneurs who are involved in a series of activities. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Business Management / PhD / Unrestricted

The use of personality traits in the determination of an individual’s future job performance is considered to be a valid measure that offers organisations the ability to carry out career planning, pre-employment selection and promotional testing amongst other uses. The incorrect placement of an individual has negative implications on the business that manifest themselves in different forms but the most prevalent is that of the loss of productivity and increased costs. This study was carried out in the hope of producing an additional measure in the identification of the most suitable candidates for a sales management position.The study was conducted utilising a qualitative research design. A total of (n) = 218 respondents took part in this study and completed the research instrument. The statistical tests that were conducted are that of correlation and linear regression testing between the identified independent and dependent variables.The results produced from the study corroborate the use of personality traits as a predictor of an individual’s future job performance is flawed. It was determined that the dimensions of the big five personality traits were not correlated to, nor could not offer any predictive ability with the required level of significance that of the dependent variables. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

No description available.

Management control research has often focused on finding the right fit between management control systems and the unique situational context of organizations, but few studies have examined the role of individual personality traits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a better understanding about the relationship between the Big Five personality traits, management control systems and organizational commitment. We addressed the research gap regarding how the interaction between the Big Five personality traits and management control systems may affect organizational commitment. To answer the research questions, data was collected using a web survey, which was analyzed in statistical software. In total, 103 responses from managers across 30 Swedish companies, were obtained. Our findings indicate that the interaction of the personality trait conscientiousness and results control, and the interaction of the personality trait agreeableness, and cultural control may affect organizational commitment. Based on these findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Sammanfattning Titel: Mäklarveteraners motivation och personlighet Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Johanna Linder och Arshia Motamedi Handledare: Jonas Kågström Datum: Maj 2021 Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att analysera mäklarveteraners motivation och personlighet. Metod: Studien har tillämpat en kvantitativ forskningsansats och ett deduktivt förhållningssätt har praktiserats. En webbaserad onlineundersökning har använts och 215 fastighetsmäklare verksamma i Sverige har svarat på undersökningen. Datainsamlingen har behandlats i analys- och statistikprogrammet JASP. I JASP utfördes ett cronbach´s alfa test, korrelationsanalys samt en deskriptiv analys av de demografiska variablerna samt medelvärde för motivationsorienteringarna. Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att det inte finns någon signifikant skillnad gällande motivation mellan mäklarveteraner och andra fastighetsmäklare utifrån GCOS, general causality orientations scale. GCOS är ett verktyg för att mäta motivation utifrån motivationsorienteringar. Vi kunde se tendenser som påvisar att opersonlig orientering var något mer förekommande hos de fastighetsmäklarna med mindre erfarenhet. Resultatet visar att fastighetsmäklarna har en hög grad av autonom motivationsorientering överlag. Studien visar också att personlighetsdimensionen neuroticism är lägre hos mäklarveteraner jämfört med andra fastighetsmäklare. I övrigt påvisades inga signifikanta skillnader gällande personlighetsdimensioner och erfarenhet. Kandidatuppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen bidrar till ökad förståelse avseende fastighetsmäklares motivation och behov av självbestämmande. Denna insikt är viktigdels vid rekrytering samt kring ledarskap inom branschen. Det är väsentligt att skapa förutsättningar för samt arbeta med fastighetsmäklarnas inre driv och motivation på arbetsplatsen. Gällande resultatet kring personlighetsdimensionerna så kan detta också användas vid rekrytering där det föredras att hitta personer med personlighetsdrag som påvisar låg neuroticism. Förslag till vidare forskning: Utifrån upptäckterna i denna studie skulle det varaintressant att studera GCOS inom en icke säljande yrkesgrupp för att kunna jämföra resultaten med fastighetsmäklarna i denna studies resultat. Det hade också varit intressant att studera samma syfte och forskningsfrågor utifrån en kvalitativ studie och förhållningssätt. I vårt empiriska material kunde vi se andra intressanta korrelationer som vi intebehandlar i denna studie utifrån aktuell syftesformulering, vilket gör att vi finner detintressant att undersöka GCOS utifrån andra beroendevariabler än erfarenhet,exempelvis kön.

The aim of the study was to investigate correctional employees’ attitudes towards prisoners and correctional clients in relation to the employees’ own personality, as well as other factors, such as gender, age and years of employment. Using the big-five-inventory-10 and attitudes towards prisoners-scale to study 83 Swedish correctional employees, a correlation(r = 0.352, p = 0.001) was found between the personality trait agreeableness and a more positive attitude towards prisoners. It was also found that female correctional employees in general had a more positive attitude than males (Cohen’s d = 0.755, p < 0.001), and preliminary findings suggested that younger correctional employees might be more likely to hold either extremely positive or extremely negative views of prisoners, compared to older correctional employees.

Studiens syfte var att studera politiskt ställningstagandes och personlighetsdrags samband med politisk tolerans, på en svensk population. Tidigare forskning har visat att individer på den politiska vänstern uppvisar mer tolerans än högern. Nyare fynd har dock visat att vänstern och högern uppvisar ömsesidig intolerans för varandra. Personlighetsdrag inom the Big Five har visats kunna predicera politiskt ställningstagande, och vissa drag har även uppvisat samband med tolerans. 166 individer besvarade en enkät med frågor som mätte personlighetsdrag, politiskt ställningstagande och politisk tolerans. Politisk tolerans delades upp i två: generell politisk tolerans samt riktad politisk tolerans mot vänster- och högergrupper. Resultatet från multipla regressionsanalyser visade att starkare politiskt ställningstagande åt höger, vänlighet/ sympatiskhet och neuroticism signifikant predicerade generell politisk tolerans;  att öppenhet och extraversion signifikant predicerade politisk tolerans mot vänstergrupper; och att starkare politiskt ställningstagande åt höger, öppenhet och extraversion signifikant predicerade politisk tolerans mot högergrupper. Starkare politiskt ställningstagande åt höger verkar predicera högre generell politisk tolerans och politisk tolerans mot högergrupper. Politiskt ställningstagande verkade inte ha något samband med politisk tolerans mot vänstergrupper. Resultatet i denna studie har gått emot vad tidigare forskning visat då högern snarare än vänstern uppvisat mer politisk tolerans. Det skulle kunna innebära att vänstern och högern har olika grunder för sin uppfattning. Vänsterindivider kan ha visat lägre politisk tolerans på grund av upplevda hot mot framsteg i social jämlikhet, medan högerindivider inte upplevde ett lika stort hot.

The use of social networking sites, such as Facebook, in the job application screening process has changed the recruitment landscape. Many human resource (HR) professionals and recruiters have begun to use social networking sites as a tool to attract, source and screen potential candidates. When screening candidates’ Facebook profiles, recruiters make personality judgements that have important consequences for hiring decisions. However, little is known about what makes a good judge of personality in the world of online screening for recruitment. This study investigated the relationship between recruiters’ Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience and neuroticism) and their ability to judge accurately candidates’ personality traits from their Facebook profiles. In particular, distinctive accuracy measures were employed which account for personality profile normativeness, or the degree to which applicants being rated are generally alike – an important limitation of earlier profile accuracy measures. Results from 456 university students who judged five actual Facebook profiles for which ‘true score’ estimates on personality traits were possible, revealed that recruiters were generally able to infer applicants’ personality traits from their Facebook profiles. However, recruiter personality was not an important factor in their judgement accuracy, neither when accuracy was operationalised as traditional profile accuracy measures, nor as distinctive accuracy.

Titel: Personlighetsdrag och graden av arbetstillfredsställelse hos fastighetsmäklare – En studie om hur personlighetsdrag inom The Big Five har ett samband med graden av arbetstillfredsställelse hos fastighetsmäklare under en nedåtgående bostadsmarknad. Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i företagsekonomi Författare: David Hedlund och William Wiman Handledare: Lars-Johan Åge Datum: 2023 - Juni  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka sambandet mellan olika personlighetsdrag inom The Big Five och graden av arbetstillfredsställelse hos fastighetsmäklare under en nedåtgående bostadsmarknad.  Metod: Studien bygger på en kvantitativ ansats med ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Grunden för arbetet är i form av en enkätundersökning för insamlingen av data. Enkätens population utgick från fastighetsmäklare i Stockholm där urvalet bestod av 300 verksamma fastighetsmäklare. För att analysera statistiken från undersökningen valde vi att använda oss av JASP, där en bivariat korrelationsanalys utfördes. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet visar att några personlighetsdrag ur The Big Five har ett samband med arbetstillfredsställelse. Extraversion och Conscientiousness hade positiva korrelationer till arbetstillfredsställelse medan Neuroticism hade negativa korrelationer. Personlighetsegenskaperna Agreeableness och Openness visade sig inte ha några korrelationer kopplat till arbetstillfredsställelse utifrån denna studie.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Det teoretiska bidraget i denna studie är att få en tydligare uppfattning om personlighetsegenskaper inom The Big Five och hur de påverkar en fastighetsmäklares välmående och arbetstillfredsställelse under en nedåtgående bostadsmarknad. Studiens praktiska bidrag riktar sig mot fastighetsmäklare som individer där denna studie ger en insikt i hur personlighetsegenskaper återfinns i vardagen och hur de påverkar en fastighetsmäklare som individ. Förslag till vidare forskning: Denna studie är specifikt inriktad på fastighetsmäklare i Stockholm som är verksamma på Stockholms bostadsmarknad. Det hade därför varit intressant att replikera denna studie i en annan stad, till exempel en mindre stad för att se hur resultatet skiljer sig åt på en marknad som är helt annorlunda jämfört med Stockholms bostadsmarknad. / Title: Personality traits and the level of job satisfaction among real estate agents – A study on how personality traits within The Big Five have a relationship with the level of job satisfaction among real estate agents during a declining housing market.  Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration Authors: David Hedlund and William Wiman Supervisor: Lars-Johan Åge Date: 2023 - June Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between different personality traits within The Big Five and the level of job satisfaction of real estate agents during a declining housing market.  Methodology: The study is based on a quantitative method with a deductive approach. The basis of the work is in the form of a survey for the collection of data. The survey's population was based on real estate agents in Stockholm, where the sample consisted of 300 active real estate agents. To analyze the statistics from the survey, we chose to use JASP where a bivariate correlation analysis was performed. Result and Conclusion: The result shows that the personality traits within The Big Five have a correlation with job satisfaction. Extraversion and Conscientiousness have positive correlations to job satisfaction while Neuroticism has negative correlations. The personality traits Agreeableness and Openness were found to have no correlations to job satisfaction based on this study. Research contribution: The theoretical contribution of this study is to gain a clearer understanding of personality traits within The Big Five and how they affect a real estate agent's well-being and job satisfaction during a declining housing market. The study's practical contribution is aimed at real estate agents as individuals. This study provides an insight into how personality traits are found in everyday life and how they affect a real estate agent as an individual. Suggestions for future research: This study is specifically focused on real estate agents in Stockholm and Stockholm's housing market. It would therefore be interesting to replicate this study in another city, for example a smaller city to see how the results differ in a market that is completely different compared to Stockholm's housing market