The aim of this thesis is to analyze the problem of rubber production lines and their possible elimination. The next step is the point that will be devoted to the design of a possible improvement of the line to increase efficiency, the software I worked with will be described, the hardware that was used, and in the final part the source code for the control system, which is designed for very precise frame positioning in one part of the line.

The work presents a control system for energy savings using the recycling of steam in autoclaving process of porous blocks. This work describes a manufacturing process of porous. The control system is based on programmable controllers from Siemens series S7-300, then is applied to the TIA Portal software for the programming of these units. Lastly, the work comprises of process simulation, control system and its subsequent visualization.

The content of this thesis is a theoretical description of quality control and tracking in discrete manufacturing, its use in making control concepts, specification of the hardware, description of the communication between the devices and the PLC, and the creation of the PLC control software used for the supervision and marking of containers for brake fluid. The last part of this thesis is the implementation of the created algorithms into a real device and subsequent commissioning of the entire control line.

This paper describes the development of a proof-of-concept application, which can be used to train people in the field of programmable logic controller (PLC) and robot programming. This concept leads to a better understanding, what kind of infrastructure and software packages can be combined, to not only have a visual representation of an industrial like scenario, but also the possibility to use commonly established programming environments such as TIA Portal, to set up a PLC program. In addi-tion, it provides insights on how OPC UA can be used and is suitable for controlling a typical six-axis industrial robot with the help of a PLC.

Vergleichende Langzeitbeobachtung (1 Jahr) von Angst, Depressivität und gesundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität nach Hirninfarkt oder transitorisch ischämischer Attacke im Versorgungsgebiet der A. cerebri media.

Vattenkraften är en viktig del av den svenska elförsörjningen och tillgodoser cirka 45 % av det årliga elbehovet i landet. Vattenkraften utnyttjar höjdskillnaden mellan inflödet och utflödet för att driva turbiner och producera el. I Sverige finns omkring 200 dammar med en fallhöjd större än 15 m och för höga nivåer vid någon av dessa skulle leda till ett dammbrott med omfattande konsekvenser. Ett viktigt område som det investeras mycket i idag är dammsäkerhet vilket går ut på att undvika okontrollerade översvämningar av dammen. Kännedom av fallhöjd och flöde är nödvändiga inom vattenkraft för att kunna beräkna producerad effekt och även vid dimensionering av dammar, vattenvägar och generatorer. Mättningar på inflödet till ett vattendrag anses vara mycket komplicerat och tidskrävande däremot kan utflödet genom utskoven beräknas med matematiska samband. Utskov avser öppningar i dammen som används för att avbörda vatten. Det finns således olika typer av utskov och det som påverkar valen är aspekter som kostnad, väderförhållanden, avbördningsförmåga, etc. För att undvika en möjlig överströmning av en damm dimensioneras ofta utskoven med avseende på vilken mängd vatten de bör avbörda. Ett krav som ofta ställs är att det ska vara möjligt att avbörda en vattendrags högsta vattennivå (HHQ). Några av de mest förekommande varianter av kontrollerade utskov i Sverige är valsdammar, luckdammar och bottenutskov.   Nivån i vattenmagasinet mäts upp med hjälp av sensorer som är placerade på olika platser vid dammen och uppmätta höga nivåer leder till att olika larmfunktioner löser ut. Regleringen av vattennivån sker då genom att avbörda vatten på ett kontrollerat sätt genom utskoven.  Genom att simulera regleringsprocessen av vattennivån i en virtuell miljö kan olika scenarier som kan uppstå vid magasinhantering testas på ett ekonomiskt sätt och hitta lämpliga reglerstrategier. Simuleringar är också en av de verktyg lyft fram inom industri 4.0 vilket kan bidra till framtidens lösningar inom automatiseringsprojekt. I arbetet studeras de olika beståndsdelar i ett vattenkraftverk och en tilltänkt metod presenteras för skapning av en virtuell modell av nivåregleringsprocessen i Siemens SIMIT, styrning av modellen via en virtuell PLC-enhet och visualisering av processen på en HMI-skärm. / Hydropower is an important part of the Swedish electricity supply and meets about 45% of the annual electricity needs in the country. Hydropower uses the height difference between inflow and outflow to power turbines and produces electricity. In Sweden, there are about 200 dams with a drop height greater than 15 m, and too high levels at any of these dams would lead to a dam break with extensive consequences. An important area in which a lot is invested today is dam safety, which is about avoiding uncontrolled flooding of the dam. Knowledge of drop height and water flow is necessary for hydropower to calculate the power produced and when dimensioning dams, waterways, and generators. Saturations on the inflow to a watercourse are very complicated and time-consuming, however, the outflow through the spillway can be calculated with mathematical correlations. Spillways refer to openings in the dam that are used to carry away water volumes. Thus, there are different types of spillways, and what influences the choices are aspects such as cost, weather conditions, etc. To avoid possible flooding of a dam, the spillways are often dimensioned with respect to the amount of water they should carry away. A requirement that is often made is that it must be able to carry away the highest water level (HHQ) of a watercourse.  The level in the water reservoir is measured with the help of sensors that are in different places by the dam and measured high levels lead to different alarm functions being triggered. The regulation of the water level then takes place by carrying away water in a controlled manner through the spillway. By simulating the regulation process of the water level in a virtual environment, different scenarios that can arise during reservoir management can be tested in an economical way and find suitable control strategies. Simulations are also one of the tools highlighted in industry 4.0, which can contribute to future solutions in automation projects. In the work, the various components of a hydropower plant are studied, and an intended method is presented for creating a virtual model of the level control process in Siemens SIMIT, controlling the model via a virtual PLC unit and visualizing the process on an HMI screen.

No description available.

This master´s thesis describes the design and realization of the simulation in program Tecnomatix Process Simulate. The thesis deals with the creation of a simulated assembly line of gluing a protective glass to the headlight. For this operation is using four stationary robotic arms. Created simulation behaves like a real robotic assembly line. In simulation is implemented several input sensors, robotic operations and conveyer structure. The control is done with PLC programmed, designed in TIA portal 14. Thesis includes a detailed description of the design whole simulation, together with the Tecnomatix Process Simulate environment. This software offer a many external commissioning and three bigger were tested, two kinds of OPC servers and PLCSIM Advanced. The conclusion of the diploma thesis describes the way of simulation control with visualization of whole process cell.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a prominent risk factor for subsequent stroke, and its associated morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Studies have demonstrated up to 80% reductions in subsequent stroke rate with prompt, optimized protocols for rapid TIA evaluation and treatment. National Stroke Association (NSA) and American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines have recommended institution of protocols assuring timely completion of the recommended testing, and evaluation by a stroke expert within 48 hours. However, limited literature exists on the implementation of guideline-based care in rural regions, and the few studies related to TIA suggest that barriers including difficulty accessing services and poorly updated TIA knowledge amongst rural, non-neurologist providers exist despite national guidelines. Behavior change theories have suggested that evaluating factors hindering or motivating behavior change may aid in tailoring implementation of guideline-based practices. This descriptive study sought to understand ED health care providers' perceived barriers to implementation of NSA/AHA TIA guidelines in a rural state. All healthcare providers in each of the state's emergency departments were invited by email to complete an online anonymous survey assessing knowledge of present TIA guidelines and perceived barriers to implementation of these guidelines in their practice setting using a modified Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument (BFAI). After completing the knowledge based questions, respondents were presented a brief educational overview of the guidelines to ensure adequate familiarity with the TIA guidelines to complete the BFAI. Thirty-nine respondents completed the survey. Twenty-seven worked at regional or academic medical centers, and 12 worked at critical access hospitals representing the more rural regions of the state. Consistent with prior work, the most notable finding of this study was a low awareness of the present TIA guidelines amongst ED providers, with none of the survey respondents correctly identifying all items consistent with the evaluation guidelines for TIA. In addition to a low awareness of the guidelines, a number of perceived barriers to implementation were identified, which may inform efforts at implementation, and/or offer a model for similar barrier assessment elsewhere.

Carotid stenosis is one of several causes of ischemic stroke and entails a high risk of ischemic stroke recurrence. Removal of a carotid stenosis by carotid endarterectomy results in a risk reduction for ischemic stroke, but the magnitude of risk reduction depends on several factors. If the delay between the last symptom and carotid endarterectomy is less than 2 weeks, the absolute risk reduction is >10%, regardless of age, sex, or if the degree of carotid stenosis is 50–69% or 70–99%. Thus, speed is the key. However, if many patients suffers an ischemic stroke recurrence within the first 2 weeks of the presenting event, an additional benefit is likely be obtained if carotid endarterectomy is performed even earlier than within 2 week after the presenting event. Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenoses carries a small risk reduction for stroke. Screening for asymptomatic carotid stenosis requires a prevalence of >5% in the examined population, i.e., higher than in the general population; however, directed screening in groups with a prevalence of >5% is beneficial. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the length of the delay to carotid endarterectomy, determine the risk of recurrent stroke before carotid endarterectomy, and determine if a calcification in the area of the carotid arteries seen on dental panoramic radiographs is a valid selection method for directed ultrasound screening to detect asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Consecutive patients with a symptomatic carotid stenosis who underwent a preoperative evaluation aimed at carotid endarterectomy at Umeå Stroke Centre between January 1, 2004–March 31, 2006 (n=275) were collected retrospectively and between August 1, 2007–December 31, 2009 (n=230) prospectively. In addition, 117 consecutive persons, all preliminarily eligible for asymptomatic carotid endarterectomy and with a calcification in the area of the carotid arteries seen on panoramic radiographs, were prospectively examined with carotid ultrasound. The median delay between the presenting event and carotid endarterectomy was 11.7 weeks in the first half year of 2004, dropped to 6.9 weeks in the first quarter year of 2006, and had dropped to 3.6 weeks in the second half year of 2009. The risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke recurrence was 4.8% within 2 days, 7.9% within 1 week, and 11.2% within 2 weeks of the presenting event. For patients with a stroke or transient ischemic attack as the presenting event, this risk was 6.0% within 2 days, 9.7% within 1 week, and 14.3% within 2 weeks of the presenting event. For the 10 patients with a near-occlusion, the risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke recurrence was 50% at 4 weeks after the presenting event. Among the 117 persons with a calcification in the area of the carotid arteries seen on panoramic radiographs, eight had a 50–99% carotid stenosis, equalling a prevalence of 6.8% (not statistically significantly over the pre-specified 5% threshold). Among men, the prevalence of 50–99% carotid stenosis was 12.5%, which was statistically significantly over the pre-specified 5% threshold. In conclusion: The delay to carotid endarterectomy was longer than 2 weeks. Additional benefit is likely to be gained by performing carotid endarterectomy within a few days of the presenting event instead of at 2 weeks because many patients suffer a stroke recurrence within a few days; speed is indeed the key. The finding that near-occlusion entails an early high risk of stroke recurrence stands in sharp contrast to previous studies; one possible explaination is that this was a high-risk period missed in previous studies. The incidental finding of a calcification in the area of the carotid arteries on a panoramic radiograph is a valid indication for carotid ultrasound screening in men who are otherwise eligible for asymptomatic carotid endarterectomy.