Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-18T20:24:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloHenriqueLopesSilva_TESE.pdf: 15849233 bytes, checksum: f585aed262bbe22879edb0ccec6c0a7f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-19T22:26:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloHenriqueLopesSilva_TESE.pdf: 15849233 bytes, checksum: f585aed262bbe22879edb0ccec6c0a7f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-19T22:26:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloHenriqueLopesSilva_TESE.pdf: 15849233 bytes, checksum: f585aed262bbe22879edb0ccec6c0a7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-04 / Esse trabalho aborda o problema da programa??o, controle e colabora??o de times de rob?s. Sistemas baseados em conjunto de rob?s atuando de forma colaborativa tem sido alvo de muitas pesquisas nos ?ltimos anos. Devido a r?pida dissemina??o de tecnologias em dispositivos m?veis e Internet, bem como os benef?cios que a rob?tica agrega ? v?rias aplica??es do cotidiano, a tend?ncia ? que cada vez mais ela esteja presente nas mais variadas atividades dos seres humanos. Para o caso dos sistemas compostos por dois ou mais rob?s, h? uma necessidade latente por pesquisas que viabilizem sua utiliza??o por usu?rios finais sem, ou com quase nenhuma, experi?ncia com programa??o ou rob?tica. Dessa forma, este trabalho prop?e uma arquitetura de sistema que permite a cria??o e programa??o de equipes com rob?s acoplados (chamados aqui de times de rob?s), possibilitando que usu?rios finais possam control?-los como um sistema ?nico e de maneira simples usando conhecimento coletivo adquirido por programadores e usu?rios. Os testes s?o divididos em tr?s estudos de caso com objetivos bem definidos. O primeiro estudo de caso cont?m a realiza??o de experimentos com dois times de rob?s diferentes e visa apresentar e verificar o funcionamento do sistema durante a cria??o, programa??o e disponibliza??o das fun??es desses times. J? o segundo, possui dois experimentos e visa apresentar e verificar o funcionamento do sistema na perspectiva de programa??o e disponibiliza??o de tarefas. O terceiro estudo de caso cont?m um experimento com um time de rob?s. A valida??o dos conceitos da arquitetura na perspectiva da intera??o do usu?rio final com esse time de rob?s ocorre por meio de um teste de usabilidade. Todos os experimentos s?o realizados por meio de uma aplica??o (software) que implementa os conceitos dessa arquitetura. Ela oferece um conjunto de opera??es especiais que possibilitam aos usu?rios finais conectarem, criarem e programarem times de rob?s. Os resultados que s?o apresentados mostram que os conceitos propostos por esse sistema atendem a aspectos fundamentais dessa ?rea, tais como modularidade, flexibilidade e facilidade de acesso para os usu?rios finais. / This work addresses the problem of programming, control and availability of robots teams. Systems based on robots working together collaboratively has been the subject of much research in recent years. Due to the rapid spread of technologies in mobile devices and the Internet, as well as the benefits that robotics adds to various applications, the tendency is that it is increasingly present in the most varied activities of humans. In the case of systems composed of two or more robots, there is a latent need for research that enables its use by end users with or with almost no programming or robotic experience. In this way, this work proposes a system architecture that allows the creation and programming of teams with coupled robots (called here of robots teams), allowing end users to control them as a single system and in a simple way using acquired collective knowledge by programmers and users. The tests are divided into three case studies with well-defined objectives. The first case study contains experiments with two different robot teams and aims to present and verify the functioning of the system during the creation, programming and availability of the functions of these teams. The second, has two experiments and aims to present and verify the operation of the system in the perspective of programming and availability of tasks. The third case study contains an experiment with a robot team. The validation of the concepts of the architecture in the perspective of the interaction of the end user with this robot team occurs through a usability test. All experiments are performed through an application (software) that implements the concepts of this architecture. It offers a set of special operations that enable end users to connect, create, and schedule robot teams. The results that are presented show that the concepts proposed by this system address fundamental aspects of this area, such as modularity, flexibility and ease of access for end users.

Under Vietnamkrigets förlopp så ändrades sättet som samhället betraktade journalister samt hur deras egen praxis var. Daniel C Hallin beskriver det som att de gick från att ses som en del av myndigheterna till att vara ”vakthundar”. De gick från att vara soldater vid skrivmaskinen till att övervaka det politiska styret. En högre journalistisk standard blev följden. En tidigare studie av New York Times rapportering av förloppet av kriget visar förändringar i användandet av källor och hur vinklingen gick från positiv till kriget till att vara emot det. Denna studie undersöker New York Times rapportering av Irakkriget och fokuserar på om tidningens journalister agerade som vakthundar eller som skrivmaskinssoldater. Genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys med fokus på fyra datum under 2003 och samma datum 2005 kan studien se hur tidningen använde källor och om den stod bakom bevisen som President Bush presenterade emot Saddam Hussein.  Ur en teoretisk synvinkel tillämpas Pierre Bourdieus fältteori som beskriver media fältet och det politiska fältet som i en tävling mot varandra. En tävling som styrs av normer som reglerar hur interaktionen mellan fälten går till. Förändringen som tillkom under Vietnamkriget ändrade dessa normer. Tidningar som New York Times blev mer självständiga gentemot politiken och normen blev att övervaka myndigheten istället för att föra fram dess budskap. Denna studie går igenom ett antal faktorer som påverkade hur NY Times rapporterade om Irakkriget. En av dessa faktorer är ett kapitalistiskt system som gör att media känner sig tvungna att producera nyheter även om de är osäkra på källorna. Samt det politiska klimatet som existerade i USA där nationell säkerhet prioriterades. President George W Bush använde dessa faktorer på ett smart vis och skapade en situation där media återigen kopplades samman med styret under Irakkriget.  Tidigare forskning gjord av Rod Brookes och Justin Lewis samt av FAIR visar att delar av brittisk media och amerikansk tv-media var för kriget i majoriteten av deras sändningar. Denna innehållsanalys visar att även NY Times rapportering var positiva till Bushs bevis och anklagelser mot Saddam Hussein. Under 2003 så var tidningen beroende av militären och det politiska styret som källor till dess rapportering. De var inledningsvis positiva till kriget och förde fram George W Bushs budskap om att kriget var nödvändigt. Ett flertal variabler visar dock att tendensen var att rapporteringen blev mer skeptisk till Bushs anklagelser mot Saddam Hussein. Under 2005 så ifrågasattes motiven och tidningens skildring vinklade kriget negativt.   Uppsatsens diskussion kopplar denna tendens till att fler krigskritiska källor kommer fram på grund av att Bush förlorade kontrollen av informationsflödet. En jämförelse görs med Vietnam-studien vilket visar att rapporteringen av Irakkriget hade ett större beroende av militära källor (32,3% under 2003 och 10 % totalt under Vietnamkriget). Samt ifrågasatte sina källor mindre. En slutsats görs att den högre graden av journalistik som kom till under Vietnamkrigets tid inte var representerad under inledningen av Irakkriget. / Around the time of the Vietnam war the way journalists were looked upon by society changed aswell as their own praxis. Daniel C Hallin describes it as they went from appearing as an extended part of the government to being watchdogs. They went from being typrewritersoldiers to monitoring the government and a higher standard of journalism came with it. A previous study of mine of the New York Times report of the Vietnam war showed that the way sources were used changed during the course of the war. And the report went from being positive to opposing the war. This study examines New York Times report of the Iraq war and focuses on the role of the newspaper. Were their journalists watchdogs or typewritersoldiers. By making a quantative content analysis focusing on four dates in 2003 and the same dates 2005. The study sees how the newspaper used it 's sources and if it stood behind President Bushs motives for the war.   The study applies Pierre Bourdies field theory which describes media and politics as fields that are in a contest with eachother. Their interactions are controlled by norms. This study looks at the changes that occured during the Vietnam war as the norms changning. Media grew more independent from politics and monitoring the government became the norm instead of broadcasting it 's messages. This study describes a capitalistic system that pressures the media to produce news even if they're unsure of it's sources. Aswell as a political climat in the USA that prioritised national security. President George W Bush used these factors in a smart way and created a situation where the media once again became less independent from the political field during the first stages of the war. Previous studies done by Rod Brookes and Justin Lewis and F.A.I. R have shown that parts of the brittish and american tv-media were pro-war in a majority of their broadcasts. This content analysis had a similar result. During 2003 a majority of the newspapers sources came from the american military and the political field. It concludes that the NY Times was positive to Bushs motives for the war. But grew sceptical and questioned them in 2005. The discussion in the study connects this to more anti-war sources coming forward as a consequence of Bush losing the flow of information. A comparison with the Vietnam war shows that the journalists covering the Iraq war used military sources significantly more (32,3% in 2003 and 10 % in total in the Vietnam war). And questioned their sources less than in the coverage of the Vietnam war. The conclusion of the study is that the higher standard of journalism that surfaced during the Vietnam war wasn 't present at the start of the Iraq war.

This Master's thesis is analyzing the media portrait of Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto in two American newspapers - The New York Times and Los Angeles Times. In this thesis, you can find the quantitative and the qualitative analysis of the image of Mexican president in the newspapers since his election in 2012 until the end of 2017. Peña Nieto is a member of Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) which was in power from 1929 till 2000. Peña Nieto is the first president after 12 years break who brought this party back to power. American presidential elections also took place during his administration and Barack Obama was replaced by Donald Trump. The thesis focus on three topics which are for many years the most critical parts of the U.S.-Mexican relationship: illegal immigration, the war on drugs and NAFTA. The analysis shows that Peña Nieto's image is portrayed in two opposite ways depends on the topic. He is presented as a competent leader in the questions of illegal immigration and NAFTA renegotiation. On the other, his leadership failed in the matter of drug issues in Mexico. The analysis also shows that Peña Nieto's image in the NY Times and the LA Times changed after Donald Trump's victory in the presidential elections. The difference of his image between the NY Times and the LA Times...

Level crossing times and their applications in finance are of importance, given certain threshold levels that represent the "desirable" or "sell" values of a stock. In this thesis, we make use of Wald's lemmas and various deep results from renewal theory, in the context of finance, in modelling the growth of a portfolio of stocks. Several models are employed .

Vid gjutning av bostadsbjälklag är formbyggnad och stämprivning ett viktigt moment. Inombyggbranschen råder vissa tveksamheter angående när och hur stämpen skall rivas. Instruktioner förhur det skall gå till finns att tillgå men de är ofta svårtolkade och i viss mån utdaterade. Det leder tillatt de i många fall inte följs. Hjälpmedel som mätinstrument och simuleringsprogram för detta finnsmen används sparsamt. För att undvika olyckor och säkerställa att betongens hållfasthet är tillräckligutan hjälpmedel används överdrivna tidsmarginaler och detta leder sannolikt till att stämp blirståendes längre än vad som krävs.Under arbetets gång studeras stämp och gjutningsprocessen i detalj för att kunna skapa en tydligbild över hur de ingående faktorerna vid valvgjutningar påverkar varandra. Syftet är att föreslå enlämplig tidpunkt för stämprivning vid valvkonstruktioner. Detta utförs för att kunna avgöra ifall detfinns någon större förbättringspotential, dels när det gäller att motverka slösaktighet av resurser ochförbättra arbetsmiljön men även för att se över instruktionerna för tillvägagångssättet vidformrivning.De metoder som används för att nå resultatet är:● Litteraturstudie av de dokument som beskriver tillvägagångssättet vid stämprivning.● Mätningar med instrument som beräknar hållfasthet vid gjutningar av bostadsbjälklag.● Simuleringar av hållfasthet i programmet Hett 11.● Intervjuer av sakkunniga inom branschen.Resultatet av studien visar på stora skillnader mellan hur länge stämpen står i praktiken och hurlänge de enligt teorin behöver stå. En anledning till detta är att uttorkningstiderna är styrande underproduktionen. Detta medför att högre betongkvaliteter och snabbare härdningstider än de somprojekterades används i byggandet, speciellt vid låga temperaturer. Slutsatsen är att det finnsförbättringspotential inom området. Säkerhetsstämpning kan utföras endast ett par dagar eftergjutning vid goda förhållanden. Fördelarna med detta är att antalet stämp kan minskas, vilket ledertill minskade hyror, samt att framkomligheten för kommande yrkesgrupper och arbetsmoment kanförbättras. / When casting a residential floor, formwork and shore removal is an important element. There aresome doubts in the industry about when and how to remove the shores. There are instructionsavailable but they are often outdated and difficult to interpret. As a result, they are often notfollowed. Appliances such as measuring equipment and simulation software are available but areused sparingly. To avoid accidents and to ensure that the strength of the concrete is sufficientwithout appliances, excessive time margins are used. This will most likely result in unnecessarily longshoring times.During the course of the work, the subject will be studied in detail to create a clear picture of howthe many different factors of the casted floor influence each other. The purpose is to propose asuitable time to remove the shores. This is done in order to determine if there is improvementpotential, partly to improve the working environment, but also to review the instructions of theapproach.The methods used to reach the result are:• Study of the documents describing the procedure of shoring and reshoring• Calculate the compressive strength of the concrete with the device “BI Distant”• Simulate the compressive strength of the concrete in the program Hett 11.• Interviews by experts in the industry.The results show that the shores could theoretically be removed earlier compared to when they areusually removed in practice. One reason for this is that drying times are governing during theproduction. This means that increased concrete qualities and faster curing times than those thatwere planned, were used in construction, particularly at low temperatures. The conclusion is thatthere is an improvement potential in this area. Reshoring can be done only a few days after castingunder good conditions. The advantages of this are that the number of shores can be reduced. Thisleads to reduced rents, and the accessibility for the subsequent professionals and operations can beimproved.

The United States and Cuba announced that they would begin the process of restoring diplomatic relations in December 2014 after over fifty years of political disengagement. The shift in foreign policy produced a plethora of news articles. What do newspaper articles, in particular articles in The New York Times published between January 2014-July 2015, reveal about how, if at all, the representation of Cuba has changed since the two countries have initiated the process of restoring relations? How did the U.S. public react to this change? A qualitative content analysis of 117 articles from The New York Times reveal that the thaw in foreign relations with Cuba does not mean a significant shift in the portrayal of Cuba in U.S. newspapers. Cuba continues to be characterized as an undemocratic, unfree government.

The group scheduling problem commonly arises in cellular manufacturing systems, where parts are grouped into part families. It is characterized by a sequencing task on two levels: on the one hand, a sequence of jobs within each part family has to be identified while, on the other hand, a family sequence has to be determined. In order to solve this NP-hard problem usually heuristic solution approaches are used. In this thesis different aspects of group scheduling are discussed and problem specific heuristics are developed to solve group scheduling problems efficiently. Thereby, particularly characteristic properties of flowshop group scheduling problems, such as the structure of a group schedule or missing operations, are identified and exploited. In a simulation study for job shop manufacturing cells several novel dispatching rules are analyzed. Furthermore, a comprehensive review of the existing group scheduling literature is presented, identifying fruitful directions for future research.

<p>When establishing a groundwater protection area it is of great interest to be able to estimate the transit time of the groundwater from different places of the aquifer to the withdrawal well. These estimates can be uncertain due to heterogeneities in the aquifer. As a part of the work to develop methods for a more certain delineation of protection areas, a tracer test was performed in an esker located 25 kilometres NW of the town Uppsala.</p><p>The purpose of this master thesis was to perform, describe and evaluate the tracer test. Travel times from the tracer test should then enable comparison against stochastic simulated travel times of the groundwater in the area.</p><p>Three dyes (rhodamine WT, uranine and naphtionate) and a salt (NaBr) were used in the tracer test. The tracers were injected in four different wells located 25 meters from a pumping well. The pumping well was pumped at a rate of 1.7 L/s and water samples were collected from the pumped water. The calculated mass recovery was large for bromide (101 %) but considerably lower for the dyes rhodamine WT (70 %), uranine (61 %) and Naphthionate (19 %). The low mass recovery for the dyes is probably due to degradation and maybe also adsorption.</p><p>An analytical solution to the advection – dispersion equation in one dimension for radial converging flow was used for the interpretation of the breakthrough curves. Smallest and largest transit time that was received from the model fitting was 1,9 days and 5,1 days respectively and without exception large longitudinal dispersivities (9-35 m). Point dilution tests were performed in the injection wells in order to determine the ground water flow at these wells. The tests gave information about the magnitude of the ground water flow, differences between the wells and the flow change at pumping.</p><p>Travel times were estimated from the received breakthrough curves and the travel time distributions can be used for comparison against stochastic simulated travel times of the groundwater.</p> / <p>Vid utformningen av skyddsområden för grundvattentäkter är det av stor vikt att kunna uppskatta grundvattnets transporttid (uppehållstid) från olika partier av akviferen till uttagsplatsen. Dessa bedömningar har en tendens att bli osäkra på grund av heterogeniteter i akviferen. Som ett led i arbetet att utveckla metoder för en säkrare avgränsning av skyddsområden genomfördes ett spårämnesförsök i en isälvsavlagring (Järlåsaåsen) belägen cirka 2,5 mil nordväst om Uppsala.</p><p>Syftet med examensarbetet var att genomföra, beskriva och utvärdera spårämnesförsöket. Bestämda transporttider från spårämnesförsöket skulle sedan kunna användas för jämförelse med stokastiskt simulerade transporttider för grundvattnet i området.</p><p>Tre färgspårämnen (rhodamin WT, uranin och naphtionat) och ett salt (NaBr) användes vid spårämnesförsöken. Spårämnena injicerades i fyra olika grundvattenrör belägna 25 meter från en uttagsbrunn. Pumpflödet ur uttagsbrunnen var 1,7 L/s och med en automatprovtagare togs vattenprover från det uppumpade vattnet. Resultatet från massbalansberäkningarna visade på att all injicerad bromid återfanns i uttagsbrunnen, men andelen återfunnen spårämnesmassa var betydligt lägre för färgspårämnena rhodamin WT (70 %), uranin (61 %) och naphtionat (19 %). Den låga andelen återfunnen massa beror troligtvis främst på nedbrytning och kanske även på adsorption.</p><p>En analytisk lösning till advektions- dispersionsekvationen i en dimension för radiellt konvergerande strömning användes vid utvärderingen av genombrottskurvorna. En minsta och största uppehållstid på 1,9 dygn respektive 5,1 dygn och överlag oväntat stora dispersiviteter (9 – 35 m) erhölls från kurvanpassningen. Den första ankomsttiden till uttagsbrunnen hade ett minsta och största värde på 3,8 respektive 13 timmar. Utspädningsförsök genomfördes också för att bestämma storleken på flödet vid injektionsrören. Dessa försök gav en bild av flödets storlek, skillnader mellan de olika injektionsrören och flödets förändring vid pumpning.</p><p>De bestämda transporttiderna visar på relativt stora tidsskillnader och ett heterogent försöksområde. Transporttidsfördelningarna utgör också ett underlag för en jämförelse mot stokastiskt simulerade transporttider av grundvattnet.</p>

The aim with this study is to compare the American newspaper The New York Times and the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter and its framing of the organization the Islamic State. The study uses a selection of articles during the period when Barack Obama ordered airstrikes against the Islamic State. The period is 2014/07/27-2014/08/14 and it gave 107 articles to the analysis. The study undertakes a methodology based on the quantitative content analysis. The study leans on the theory of framing and theories of war journalism which is a common and well suitable theory for the study’s aim. The result shows both differences and similarities between the two newspapers frame. The most notable difference between the newspapers' articles were the appellation of the Islamic State and also how the newspapers used sources and statements. The Swedish newspaper had a more religious orientation in the appellation of IS, while the American newspaper had a military orientation in the appellation of IS.

The conversion of a memory from an initially fragile state to an enduring representation requires cellular, molecular, and systems-level brain network changes. This reorganization is hypothesized to involve time-dependent neuroanatomical changes that may differentially support some types of remote versus recent memory, and may also influence the latency to decide and complete responses during retrieval. To quantify the timecourse of learning and retrieval after different retention durations, a paradigm is developed to measure in humans and monkeys the retrieval speed of visuomotor associations, which require an intact hippocampus for initial acquisition but not for retrieval after days or weeks. Two components of retrieval speed, a decision time to initiate movement and a velocity-dependent movement completion time to complete a motor response, are shown to change differently relative to a pre-retention baseline. Movement completion times decrease across repetitions within single learning session, and continue to decrease from the level reached at the end of learning following retention. Decision times also decrease within the learning session, but increase on the first post-retention retrieval attempt as a function of retention interval duration. Extensive practice is required for decision times to reach a level below that obtained at the end of learning, and the transition from a long- to short-latency decision depends on the number and spacing of practice trials. The findings are discussed in a framework in which post-retention processing time is influenced by the speed of visual identification, the time to retrieve the associative relationship from long-term memory, and the time to plan and execute a motor response. The creation of sparser, long-lasting visual form representations and strengthened cortico-striatal connections predict behavioral efficiency gains in visual identification and motor responses after learning. Decision times could be fast and automatic following extensive practice when the neural representation may become stored permanently in cortico-cortical and cortico-striatal linkages, or could increase after retention because of several cognitive and neural factors, including interference and frontal inhibition of the hippocampal system to prevent new learning before choice feedback. The experimental results are discussed in the context of the existing literature on memory consolidation.