This work deals with the specifics of relations between entities in the negotiation and implementation of international transport of goods. Since he is currently the most common way of transport of goods in Central Europe freight road transport of goods, the text is mainly dedicated to this issue. The underlying code for the obligations in this respect, the Convention CMR, which is devoted to a large part of the work. In other parts of the work is also introduced to the TIR Convention, the ADR Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods and the ATP Agreement, which defines the requirements for the transport of perishable foodstuffs. In the end, understand that INCOTERMS clauses with international trade and international transport of goods is closely related.

The thesis responds to the changes in customs procedures which Czech companies had to face after the Czech republic was joined to the customs territory of the EU. The first part of the thesis provides the basic characteristic of individual customs procedures and it is focused on the area of customs operations. The following sections concentrate on the issue of "transit" customs procedure. The scope of the thesis is a general approach of the realisation of international transport in transit. It demonstrates the most important changes which were caused by the membership of the Czech Republic in the EU. The thesis emhasizes Community transit, Common transit betweeen the Community and the EFTA countries and the carriage of goods based on the customs documents TIR a ATA. Due to its importance for facilitating international trade a special attention is given to the TIR customs transit system.

Detta examensarbete initierades och handledes av Mellifiq, ett företag som arbetar med rening av luft och vatten, där en applikation är rening av köksfrånluft med ozon. Ozon förhindrar att fettpartiklar i frånluften ansamlas på väggarna i kanalen och värmeväxlaren, vilket leder till högre brandsäkerhet och mer effektiv användning av värmeväxlaren. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att öka förståelsen av reaktionen mellan ozon och ytan av fettpartiklarna. Tunna fettsyrafilmer ovanpå ett fast underlag användes som modellsystem för att representera ytan av en fettpartikel. Tre fettsyror undersöktes, en mättad fettsyra, fettsyra A, en enkelomättad fettsyra, fettsyra B, och en fleromättad fettsyra, fettsyra C. TIR Raman-spektroskopi användes för att analysera effekten på fettsyrafilmen vid exponering av torr luft, fuktig luft med en relativ fuktighet på 80 % och fuktig luft med en konstant ozonkoncentration. Effekten av ozon undersöktes även med kontaktvinkelmätningar på fettsyrafilmerna. Resultaten från TIR Raman visade att torr luft och fuktig luft (RH 80 %) inte hade någon effekt på fettsyrafilmen, oberoende av vilken typ av fettsyra som användes. När det gäller effekterna av exponering för ozon kunde inga effekter observeras på filmen av fettsyra A i vare sig TIR Raman eller kontaktvinkelmätningar. Därför kunde ingen reaktion mellan fettsyra A och ozon bekräftas vid den ozonkoncentration som användes och de exponeringstiderna som undersöktes. Däremot oxiderades de omättade fettsyrafilmerna av fettsyra B och C när de exponerades för ozon, vilket bekräftades av den snabba minskningen av C-C-dubbelbindningarna i TIR Raman-spektra. Oxidationen av dubbelbindningar i fettsyra B verkade visa en mer komplex kinetik, med en tvåstegsprocess kopplad till en förändring av antalet molekyler vid ytan. Filmerna bestående av fettsyra C visade sig förlora materia när de exponerades för ozon, vilket tyder på att korta flyktiga ämnen bildades under oxidationsprocessen. Denna effekt observerades inte för fettsyra B, där även om den spektrala formen i CH-sträckningsområdet ändrades, vilket bevisade närvaron av nya arter, förblev den totala mängden material i filmen ungefär konstant. Dessutom gav både fettsyra B och C upphov till nya karbonyl-C=O-sträckningstoppar i spektra efter ozonisering, vilket visar att aldehyder, estrar eller båda bildas under processen. Slutligen bekräftade kontaktvinkelmätningarna med en minskning av statiska vinklar att ytan på filmerna av fettsyra B och C förändrades efter ozonisering. / This master thesis project was initiated and managed by Mellifiq, a company that works with purification of air and water, where one application is purification of kitchen exhaust air with ozone. Ozone prevents fat particles in the exhaust air from accumulating on the walls in the duct and the heat exchanger, reducing fire safety concerns and making the use of the heat exchanger more effective. The aim of this master thesis project was to further understand the reaction between ozone and the surface of the fat particles. Thin fatty acid films on top of a solid support were used as model systems to represent the surface of a fat particle. Three fatty acids were investigated, a saturated fatty acid, fatty acid A, a monounsaturated fatty acid, fatty acid B, and a polyunsaturated fatty acid, fatty acid C. TIR Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the effect on the fatty acid film as it was exposed to dry air, humid air with a relative humidity of 80 %, and humid air with a fixed ozone concentration. The effect of ozone was also investigated with contact angle measurements on the fatty acid films. The results from TIR Raman showed that dry air and humid air (RH 80 %) had no effect on the fatty acid film, independent of the type of fatty acid used. Regarding the effects of exposure to ozone, no effects could be observed on the fatty acid A field in either the TIR Raman or contact angle measurements. Therefore, no reaction between fatty acid A and ozone could be confirmed at the fixed ozone concentration used and exposure times investigated. In contrast, the unsaturated fatty acid films of fatty acid B and fatty acid C were oxidized when exposed to ozone, as confirmed by the rapid decrease of the C-C double bonds in the TIR Raman spectra. However, the oxidation of double bonds in oleic acid appeared to show more complex kinetics, with a two-step process linked to a change in the number density of molecules at the surface. Interestingly, the films consisting of fatty acid C were shown to lose matter when exposed to ozone, indicating that short volatile species were formed during the oxidation process. This effect was not observed for fatty acid B, where though the spectral shape in the C-H stretching region changed, proving the presence of new species, the overall amount of material in the film remained approximately constant. Moreover, both fatty acid B and C gave rise to new carbonyl C=O stretching peaks in the spectra after ozonation, showing that aldehydes, esters, or both are formed during the process. Finally, the contact angle measurements confirmed with a decrease in static angles that the surface of the fatty acid B and C films changed after ozonation.

Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum trifolii, is one of the most destructive diseases of alfalfa worldwide. Cloning and characterization of the host resistance (R) genes against the pathogen will improve our knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance and facilitate the development of resistant alfalfa cultivars. However, the intractable genetic system of cultivated alfalfa, owing to its tetrasomic inheritance and outcrossing nature, limits the ability to carry out genetic analysis in alfalfa. Nonetheless, the model legume Medicago truncatula, a close relative of alfalfa, provides a surrogate for cloning the counterparts of many agronomically important genes in alfalfa. In this study, we used genetic map-based approach to clone RCT1, a host resistance gene against C. trifolii race 1, in M. truncatula. The RCT1 locus was delimited within a physical interval spanning ~200 kilo-bases located on the top of M. truncatula linkage group 4. Complementation tests of three candidate genes on the susceptible alfalfa clones revealed that RCT1 is a member of the Toll-interleukin-1 receptor/nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) class of plant R genes and confers broad spectrum anthracnose resistance. Thus, RCT1 offers a novel resource to develop anthracnose-resistant alfalfa cultivars. Furthermore, the cloning of RCT1 also makes a significant contribution to our understanding of host resistance against the fungal genus Colletotrichum.

Ce travail porte sur deux problèmes d'optimisation de trajectoires spatiales: le vol d'un dernier étage de lanceur, et le nettoyage des débris spatiaux. L'objectif est de développer pour ces deux problèmes des méthodes de résolution et des logiciels utilisables dans un contexte industriel. Les travaux comportent une partie théorique de formulation et une partie appliquée de résolution numérique. Les domaines abordés sont la mécanique spatiale, l'optimisation discrète, l'optimisation continue en dimension finie et le contrôle optimal.

The Charity Hospital Cemetery in New Orleans, Louisiana, was used as a potter's field for over 150 years. When Charity Hospital considered selling a portion of the property ground penetrating radar (GPR) and thermal infrared (TIR) data were collected in the cemetery to locate unmarked graves. The TIR data could not be used because the expert died before compiling the TIR data. Therefore, the GPR data was the sole source of subsurface information. GPR anomalies were used to excavate 3 areas where bones and hospital supplies were subsequently found, unfortunately very limited analyses were possible on the analog GPR data. The study presented here involved digitizing data and conducting a more thorough analysis of map patterns to determine whether GPR data could be used reliably to locate burials in the cemetery. The study's result indicates that GPR is a reliable source for burial detection and other anomalies in the subsurface.

LAKE SURFACE TEMPERATURE DETERMINED BY SATELLITE IMAGES Abstract The aim of this master thesis is to create a method to determine surface temperature of water in lake Osoyoos (LSWT - Lake Surface Water Temperature). It is necessary to know this temperature in order to make easier decisions in a paradigm of global warming processes. Thanks to LSWT it is possible to make a timeline visualisation of temperature development in years. The first chapter deals with a physical definition of how to get thermal information - the basis of remote thermal sensing is measuring of radiance intensity and it's transformation to brightness temperature. This radiation is not only influenced by atmospheric properties but also by local climatic and meteorological conditions, but it is also influenced by the relief. The thesis seeks to create a method for calculating surface temperature of lake Osoyoos located at Canadian-American border. This calculation is based on data provided by ASTER using a split-window method. The method works with the differences in bands of sensing in order to remove atmospheric influences. This thesis contains several charts, graphs and pictures. The final result of this paper is a map of distribution of lake surface water temperatures. Keywords: Thermal remote sensing, land surface temperature, ASTER, TIR

As biotecnologias reprodutivas têm uma importante relação com os resultados econômicos dos rebanhos leiteiros. Sua adoção implica o investimento de quantidades conhecidas de recursos, porém, há uma clara dificuldade por parte de produtores em avaliarem o retorno desses investimentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de simulação que permita analisar os impactos do uso de biotecnologias reprodutivas sobre o desempenho econômico de rebanhos leiteiros. Com o auxílio de uma planilha eletrônica do Microsoft® Office Excel®, foi desenvolvido um modelo determinístico, em função de parâmetros produtivos, reprodutivos e econômicos, com o fim de representar a conformação do rebanho em períodos de 21 dias ao longo de 25 anos. Foram realizadas simulações de quatro cenários de aplicação de biotecnologias: inseminação artificial com sêmen convencional (IAC) e com sêmen sexado (IAS), inseminação artificial em tempo fixo com sêmen convencional (IATFC) e com sêmen sexado (IATFS). Finalmente, foram calculados para cada cenário o Payback, o valor presente líquido (VPL) e a taxa interna de retorno (TIR) como indicadores da viabilidade econômica. Sob as condições simuladas, observou-se que o cenário com melhor desempenho econômico foi IATFS (Payback 3 anos; VPL R$ 2.558.490,80; e TIR 42,5% aa), seguido de IATFC (Payback 3 anos; VPL R$ 2.357.639,40; e TIR 42,9% aa). O cenário IAC apresentou valores superiores (Payback 3 anos; VPL de R$ 759.353,90; e TIR 29,3% aa), quando comparado com IAS (Payback 4 anos; VPL R$ 676.870,90; e TIR 23,3% aa). O modelo desenvolvido neste estudo permite auxiliar o processo de tomada de decisão na seleção da estratégia reprodutiva mais adequada com base em parâmetros específicos. / Reproductive biotechnologies have an economic impact on dairy herds. Its implementation requires the investment of known amounts of resources; however, the producers still have a clear difficulty in assessing the profitability of these investments. The aim of this study was to develop a simulation model to analyze how the use of reproductive biotechnologies impact on the economic performance of dairy herds. Using a Microsoft® Office Excel® spreadsheet, a deterministic model was created considering productive, reproductive and economic parameters, in order to represent the herd conformation in 21-day periods over 25 years. Then, four reproductive programs were simulated: artificial insemination using conventional semen (AIC) or sex-sorted semen (AIS) and fixed-time artificial insemination using conventional semen (FTAIC) or sex-sorted semen (FTAIS). Finally, indicators of economic viability: Payback, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) were calculated for each reproductive program. Under the simulated conditions, it was observed that the program with the best economic performance was FTAIS (Payback 3 years; NPV R$ 2,558,490.80; and IRR 42.5% per annum), followed by FTAIC (Payback 3 years; NPV R$ 2,357,639.40; and IRR 42.9% per annum). The AIC program presented higher economic returns (Payback 3 years, NPV R$ 759,353.90, and IRR 29.3% per annum) when compared with AIS (Payback 4 years; NPV R$ 676,870.90, and IRR 23.3% per annum). The mathematical model developed in this study can assists the decision-making process to select the most appropriate reproductive strategy based on specific parameters.

On s'interesse ici a la resolution numerique de problemes de controle optimal peu reguliers. On utilise a la base les methodes dites indirectes, a la fois precises et rapides, mais en pratique tres sensibles a l'initialisation. Cette difficulte nous amene a utiliser une demarche homotopique, dans laquelle on part d'un probleme apparente plus facile a resoudre. Le "suivi de chemin" de l'homotopie connectant les deux problemes est ici realise par un algorithme de type simplicial. On s'interesse en premier lieu a un probleme de transfert orbital avec maximisation de la masse utile, puis a deux problemes d'arcs singuliers. Les perspectives futures liees a ces travaux comprennent en particulier l'etude de problemes a contraintes d'etat, egalement delicats a resoudre par les methodes indirectes. Par ailleurs, on souhaite comparer cette approche avec les methodes directes, qui impliquent la discretisation totale ou partielle du probleme.

In conventional remote sensing, visible-near infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) part of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) have been utilized for lithological discrimination extensively. Additionally, TIR part of the EM spectrum can also be utilized for discrimination of surface materials either through emissivity characteristics of materials or through radiance as in VNIR and SWIR. In this study, ASTER thermal multispectral infrared data is evaluated in regard to lithological discrimination and mapping through emissivity values rather than conventional methods that utilize radiance values. In order to reach this goal, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Decorrelation Stretch techniques are utilized for ASTER VNIR and SWIR data. Furthermore, the spectral indices which directly utilize the radiance values in VNIR, SWIR and TIR are also included in the image analysis. The emissivity values are obtained through Temperature-Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm. The results of the image analyses, except spectral indices, are displayed in RGB color composite along with the geological map for visual interpretation. The results showed that utilizing emissivity values possesses potential for discrimination of organic matter bearing surface mixtures which has not been possible through the conventional methods. Additionally, PCA of emissivity values may increase the level of discrimination even further. Since the emissivity utilization is rather unused throughout in literature and new, further assessment of accuracy is highly recommended along with the field validations.