Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Münster--Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 1989.

Master's thesis is dedicated to one of the most effective international treaties, which attends to facilitating and liberalization of international handling with goods, functioning for almost 40 years. This paper mainly describes the situation, which appeared in 2013, when the barriers for its application emerged. It tells about the crisis of TIR Carnet on the Russian territory, caused by some intern factors as well as factors on the international level. Affairs and changes, arisen in the beginning of the 21st century (expanding of the EU, new goods transportation methods, Customs Union, etc.) drove to the loss of TIR treaty's significance, and to the necessity of creating new international cooperation principles. Situation then changed due to the civil war in Ukraine, sanctions against Russia and Russian response. That is why the ground, reasons and consequences of TIR Carnet crisis on the Russian territory were in detail described in the master's thesis. Main conclusion is that this crisis only predicts the beginning of serious changes in international transport of goods, which can be faced in the nearest future.

In my diploma thesis I focus on use of carnet TIR within international road freight transport to Russian Federation. The objective of the thesis is to introduce crisis connected with partial non-acceptance of carnet TIR in Russia and analyze the impact of this crisis to economy and forwarders. The second objective is to introduce Ukraine crisis, which also had an impact to forwarders. Finally, I will introduce a forwarder, who transports goods to Russia regularly and describe the impact of crisis on him.

Diss.--Graz--Universität, 1994. / Bibliogr. p. 411-424. Index.

The Diploma thesis is focused on Community customs union and relations with third countries, regarding particularly customs procedure during foreign transit operations. It is aimed to summarize basic knowledge regarding TIR system operation with emphasis on its current development and modernization. At present, TIR regime is experiencing a very dynamic progress, and it is related both to its computerization and changes in the European Union, which tends to enhance safety standards on the international level when shipping the goods. Therefore, the means of communication are improved by the interconnection of main actors engaged in business transactions, such as national customs authorities and associations, traders and international organisations. The first part of the thesis deals with customs union and common trade policy of European Union. It defines the term of customs union and European customs union territory, specifies both internal and external aspects of customs union existence, and shortly describes the process of European customs union creation. The two following chapters are concerned with the customs administration, legislation and basic documentation forming customs legislation of European Union. The fourth chapter describes the development and customs union improvement with its new strategy and modernized customs union codex. The second part concentrates on the analysis of customs procedure in general and international customs regimes. It describes the basic terms used in customs administration, specifies the ways of customs debt calculation and factors which may lead to the customs debt. The closing chapter is devoted to transit regimes functioning not only on the territory of the European Union, but in third countries as well. The third part addresses the TIR transit regime. At the beginning, the foundation and historical development of the regime is described, followed by its mission, principles and territorial scope. In the next chapter the basic conditions of membership are identified. The following chapter is reserved for description and explanation of international guarantee system, mutual relations of its participants and forms of guarantee provision. In the last chapter the carnet TIR - main document used for customs purposes when shipping - is highlighted. The last chapter is focused on TIR system computerization, its innovation and improvement, and development mainly in recent years. The forth part of the thesis emphasizes membership advantages, particularly benefits of TIR system, and outlines the fields of the European Union and TIR system cooperation. The conclusion then summarizes important parts and key elements of the paper. When putting together the thesis, the latest available data on the TIR system progress regarding cooperation with the European Union were used, as the main aim of the thesis was to provide detailed information on the current situation and modernization of TIR regime.

Se observa como la calidad de vida de las personas se ve afectada al tener que realizar muchas actividades, lo que ocasiona que se disponga de escaso tiempo para disfrutar con sus allegados. Asimismo, puede suceder que no se disponga de las habilidades propicias para ejecutar tareas en casa como gasfitería, cerrajería, pintura, limpieza o electricista. Por esta razón, es que se ha desarrollado un novedoso modelo de negocio basado en una aplicación, el cual ofrece simplicidad, seguridad y calidad en cada uno de sus servicios dirigidos al cuidado del hogar, al cual llamamos Make it Easy. Se pretende llegar al cliente final mediante una interacción cercana con ellos con la cual perciban atributos positivos de la marca, mediante acciones en redes sociales y activaciones en puntos estratégicos. Por su parte, respecto a la captación de nuestros técnicos se considera que esta es factible a través de anuncios en distintos lugares como grandes cadenas mejoramiento del hogar en los que se ofrece servicios relacionados o también grandes afiches ubicados en quioscos. Es preciso indicar que nuestro segmento a atender son personas del NSE A y B que viven en la zonas 6 y 7 de la ciudad de Lima, según la clasificación de APEIM; el cual nos brinda un mercado de S/. 13 659 651 del cual pretendemos, con una inversión inicial de S/. 65,409.67, obtener el 1%; así como también obtener un Valor Actual Neto de S/ 191,136.38 y una TIR de 94.2% proyectados a 3 años. / It is observed how the life quality of people is affected while having to carry out a large amount of activities leaving little time to enjoy with friends or family. Also, many times it can happen that you do not have the proper skills to perform tasks at home such as plumbing, locksmith, painting, cleaning or electrician. For this reason, we have developed a new business model, which offers simplicity, safety and quality in each of its services aimed at home care, which we call Make it Easy. It's intended to reach the final customer through a close interaction with them where they can perceive positive attributes of the brand, this will mainly be through actions on social networks and activations at strategic points. On the other hand, regarding the recruitment of our technicians it is considered that this is possible through advertisements in different places such as large home improvement chains in which related services are offered or also large posters located in kiosks. It is necessary to indicate that the segment to be attended are people from socioeconomic level A and B who live in zones 6 and 7 of the city of Lima, according to the APEIM classification; which gives us a market of S /. 13 659 651 of which we intend, with an initial investment of S /. 65,409.67, obtain 1%; as well as obtaining a Net Present value of S / 191,136.38 and an internal rate of return of 94.2% projected to 3 years. / Trabajo de investigación

Hoy en día uno de los principales problemas en nuestra sociedad, es el inadecuado tratamiento que se brinda a los residuos que se generan diariamente en hogares, actividades comerciales, e industriales. La Municipalidad Provincial del Cusco ha decidido la ejecución de un proyecto de “Mejoramiento y ampliación de la disposición final de los residuos sólidos urbanos de la ciudad del Cusco en la localidad de Jaquira”. Siendo la entidad ejecutora ha decidido la aplicación de los estándares globales del PMI a la dirección del proyecto. Los principales Entregables del Proyecto: Entregable 1.-Obras Provisionales, Entregable 2.-Trabajos Preliminares, Entregable 3.- Obras especificas, Entregable 4.-Pozas para lixiviados, Entregable 5.-Trabajos complementarios, Entregable 6.-Dirección de proyectos, Entregable 7.-Permisos. El proyecto presenta un valor actual neto (VAN) de S/ 3,201,385.48 Nuevos soles, con el cual podemos confirmar que el proyecto ira bien. La tasa interna de Retorno (TIR), representa la rentabilidad media intrínseca del proyecto. Podemos apreciar que tenemos 2 tasas internas de retorno con Flujo de Caja Neta Descontada con 24% y con Flujo de Caja Neta 42.96% lo cual nos brinda valores de éxito para el proyecto y poder continuar con esta decisión. Podemos concluir que nuestros 3 indicadores se encuentran en estados positivos para poder continuar con el proyecto y esperar resultados positivos a futuro. / Nowadays one of the main problems in our society, is the inadequate treatment that is given to the waste that is generated daily in homes, commercial activities, and industrial. The Provincial Municipality of Cusco has decided on the execution of a project “Improvement and extension of the final disposal of urban solid waste in the city of Cusco in the town of Jaquira”. Being the executing agency has decided to apply the global standards of the PMI to the project management. The main Deliverables of the Project: Deliverable 1.- Provisional Works, Deliverable 2.- Preliminary Works, Deliverable 3.- Specific works, Deliverable 4.- Leachate pools, Deliverable 5.- Complementary works, Deliverable 6.- Project Management, Deliverable 7.- Permits. The project has a net present value (NPV) of S / 3,201,385.48 Nuevos soles, with which we can confirm that the project will go well. The internal rate of Return (IRR) represents the intrinsic average profitability of the project. We can appreciate that we have 2 internal rates of return with Discounted Net Cash Flow with 24% and with 42.96% Net Cash Flow which gives us success values ​​for the project and to continue with this decision. We can conclude that our 3 indicators are in positive states in order to continue with the project and expect positive results in the future. / Tesis

Submitted by Vitor Souza (vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2008-11-17T16:29:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 055204018-Flavio_Riva.pdf: 2052267 bytes, checksum: 0817627a0d649ca9f8f06ffde164fb9a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Antoanne Pontes(antoanne.pontes@fgv.br) on 2008-11-18T11:45:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 055204018-Flavio_Riva.pdf: 2052267 bytes, checksum: 0817627a0d649ca9f8f06ffde164fb9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2008-11-18T11:45:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 055204018-Flavio_Riva.pdf: 2052267 bytes, checksum: 0817627a0d649ca9f8f06ffde164fb9a (MD5) / A indústria de construção aeronáutica se caracteriza pelo elevado montante de recursos movimentados, pela utilização de tecnologias avançadas e trabalho qualificado, bem como pela sua forte vocação exportadora. O atendimento à rígidos padrões de confiabilidade do produto e a exigência de atendimento pós-venda em nível mundial associadas às demais características mencionadas estabelecem barreiras significativas à entrada de novos concorrentes. Esses fatores vêm sendo utilizados como fundamentação para a defesa de políticas governamentais de incentivos, gerando diversas contendas internacionais ao longo das últimas décadas. O mercado de construção de aeronaves comerciais é dominado por quatro empresas: BOEING, AIRBUS, EMBRAER E BOMBARDIER. Criada em 1969 como sociedade de economia mista, a EMBRAER é um dos únicos casos (no setor) de entrante com sucesso, ao longo das últimas décadas. Após uma fase inicial, impulsionada, entre outros, por encomendas governamentais, a empresa acumulou capacitação técnica, de organização da fabricação e gerencial, tornando-se um competidor importante nessa indústria. Após obter sucesso com vários produtos, a EMBRAER passou a enfrentar dificuldades crescentes, decorrentes não somente da queda de demanda, como também de sucessivos prejuízos causados por projetos equivocados. A empresa, privatizada em 1994, ajustou sua estrutura, expandiu sua base comercial e industrial, passando a atuar em mais de 60 países. A indústria de construção aeronáutica, com foco no mercado de aviação civil e o desempenho da EMBRAER, antes e após a privatização, ocorrida em 1994, são o objeto deste trabalho.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojamos tarptautinio krovinių vežimo apimtis pagal transporto rūšys, eksporto, importo ir tranzito procedūros. Apžvelgti krovinių tarptautinio vežimo principai ir pagrindiniai teisės aktai. Darbe išnagrinėtas Bendrijos ir Bendrojo tranzito funkcionavimas, jo reguliavimo teisinė bazė. Apžvelgti dvišaliai ir regioniniai susitarimai krovinių tranzitui, taip pat apžvelgti vykdomi strateginiai transporto projektai padedantys stiprinti transporto koridorių konkurencingumą tarptautiniu mastu. Išnagrinėtas Bendrijos ir Bendrojo tranzito muitinės procedūros įforminimas taikant TIR, ATA knygeles ir Naujoji kompiuterinė tranzito sistemą. Išanalizuotas tranzito muitinės procedūros įforminimas Vilniaus teritorinės muitinės Medininkų kelio poste. Atskleistos tranzito plėtros Lietuvoje galimybes ir pateikti pasiūlymai dėl tranzitinių krovinių pralaidumo didinimo Lietuvos muitinės kelių postuose. / In this final thesis for a Master‘s degree the scope of international cargo transportation according to the means of transport, export import and transit procedures is analyzed. The principles of cargo international transportation and the chief acts of law are reviewed. The workings of the Community, the Common transit and its law repository are explored. Bilateral and regional agreements regarding the cargo transit, the ongoing strategic transport projects contributing to the strengthening of the transport corridor‘s competitive ability on international scale are examined. The customs procedures‘ formalization applying TIR, ATA books and the New Computerised Transit System of the Community and Common transit are researched. The formalization of transit customs procedures in Vilnius territorial customs in Medininkai road office is investigated. The opportunities for transit development in Lithuania are disclosed and the suggestions have been made regarding the transit cargo capacity enhancement in Lithuanian customs‘ road offices.

The ADR Agreement allows to reduce the accidents of cars, transporting the dangerous goods. It determines how to pack, manipulate and transport the dangerous goods. It says how often the drivers have to be trained and what they should do when the accident happens.