La posibilidad des estudiar los materiales cerámicos recuperados en la necrópolis fenicia de Tiro - al Bass supone una oportunidad inmejorable para profundizar en las cuestiones cronológico-secuenciales que rodean la Arqueología Fenicia, y, en especial, la que hace referencia a la Fenicia Metropolitana. Para ello se ha planteado un trabajo articulado en tres bloques principales. En primer lugar, una clasificación tipológica de los citados materiales, tanto locales como importados. En segundo lugar, realizar una profundización de las causas que han provocado la inexistencia de una estructura cronológico-secuencial fenicia ampliamente consensuada y aceptada por toda la comunidad científica. Una manera de intentar subsanar esta carencia ha sido plantear el seguimiento a lo largo de la Edad del Hierro de una forma cerámica concreta, las jarras de cuello anillado. Su uso como fósil-guía dará lugar a una articulación de la secuencia que, apoyada por las coincidencias de cada una de las fases identificadas con el mismo tipo de materiales, ya sean locales o importados, dará un sentido temporal a la evolución de los citados materiales cerámicos fenicios metropolitanos. Finalmente, la tercera FESE consistirá en aplicar dicha articulación secuencial a los materiales recogidos en Tiro - al Bass, dando lugar a cinco periodos sucesivos que contarán con unos rasgos definitorios propios. La conclusión final consistirá, sobre todo gracias a la información proporcionada por la necrópolis de al-Bass, a la que habría que unir la proporcionada por otros yacimientos Levantinos, en la propuesta de una secuencia fenicia con una articulación, nomenclatura y cronología propias.

Submitted by RODRIGO MORALES (kitelo@hotmail.com) on 2015-04-13T22:32:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo_Morales_Dissertação_Versao Final_upload.pdf: 9138382 bytes, checksum: d0d893805dd805b50f548e3eb943a168 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GILSON ROCHA MIRANDA (gilson.miranda@fgv.br) on 2015-04-27T13:21:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo_Morales_Dissertação_Versao Final_upload.pdf: 9138382 bytes, checksum: d0d893805dd805b50f548e3eb943a168 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-04-29T13:42:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo_Morales_Dissertação_Versao Final_upload.pdf: 9138382 bytes, checksum: d0d893805dd805b50f548e3eb943a168 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-29T13:42:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo_Morales_Dissertação_Versao Final_upload.pdf: 9138382 bytes, checksum: d0d893805dd805b50f548e3eb943a168 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-25 / In recent years the Brazilian govcmmcnt has adopted the posture of encouraging infrastructure projects, mainly road concessions. There is debate about the best way to attract investors in tenns of retum, without, at the same time, users do not havc a high cost and can enjoy good service. This discussion goes primarily by an analysis of traffic risl<, which is entirely allocated to auction's winners today. The methodology used in recent tenders follows a requirement of maximum Internai Rate of Return (IRR), for the Grantor (ANTI), in real terms anda fixcd duration. From the estimated costs and in particular concession investments, ANTT sets a ceiling-rate being charged by the utility to users, through the IRR maximum required in tbe project. This IRR is calculated based on the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of companies in the sector, which have sbares traded on the Brazilian Excbange (BM&FBovespa), using only domestic data. This paper proposes an alternative model, based on thc Least Present Value of Revenues ( LPVR) mecanism. In this model we obserYe that traffic risk is much lower to the auction 's winners because the grant expires only when a certain levei of revenues required by the concessionaire is rcachcd. A model with tlexible term for such is necessary. Howcver, with less risl< of traffic, the upside and downside in tenns of return, are minor compareci to tbe current model. Using tbis model, the Grantor can also define a winner foa· the auctiou (the dealership tbat offcrs the lowest present valuc of rcvenues) and also uses the proposed simulatiou of traffic for setting a deadline for the grant, if demanded. / Nos últimos anos o governo brasileiro tem adotado a postura de incentivo a projetos de infraestrutura, sendo as concessões rodoviárias um dos principais mecanismos. Muito se discute sobre a melhor forma de remuneração das concessionárias, sem que, ao mesmo tempo, os usuários não tenham um custo elevado e possam usufruir de bons serviçoes prestados.Essa discussão passa, principalmente, por uma análise de risco de tráfego, que hoje é inteiramente alocado as cconcessionárias. A metodologia utilizada nos últimos leilões segue uma exigência de Taxa Interna de Retorno ( TIR ) máxima, pelo Poder Concedente ( ANTT ), em termos reais e um prazo de concessão fixo. A partir de custos e investimentos estimados em determinada concessão, a ANTT define uma tarifa-teto a ser cobrada pela concessionária aos usuários através da TIR máxima exigida no projeto. Esta TIR é calculada com base no custo médio ponderado de capital ( WACC ) de empresas do setor, que tem ações negociadas na BM&F Bovespa, utilizando-se apenas dados domésticos. Neste trabalho é proposto um modelo alternativo, baseado no menor valor presente das receitas ( LPVR - Least Present Value of Revenues ). Neste modelo observamos que o risco de tráfego é bem menor para a concessionária, pois a concessão só se expira quando determinado nível de receitas exigido pela concessionária é atingido. Ou seja, para tal, é necessário um modelo de prazo flexível. Neste mecanismo, entretanto, com menor risco de tráfego, o upside e o downside, em termos de retorno, são menores em comparação com o modelo vigente. Utilizando este modelo, o Poder Concedente pode também definir um vencedor para o leilão ( a concessionária que ofertar o menor valor presente das receitas ) e também se utilizar da proposta de simulação de tráfegos para a definição de um prazo máximo para a concessão, em caso de implementação do mecanismo proposto.

This thesis revers to the Legal relations in transport of people and goods. The introducy chapters are described types of transports. The major part of this text is dedicated to the international and inland treaties. In the practical part of this thesis directs its attention at clarifying essential parts of Agreement ADR and shows the application of Agreement ADR.In the closing part the autor indicates the necessity for a collaborative development of contracting states in Agreement ADR.

As biotecnologias reprodutivas têm uma importante relação com os resultados econômicos dos rebanhos leiteiros. Sua adoção implica o investimento de quantidades conhecidas de recursos, porém, há uma clara dificuldade por parte de produtores em avaliarem o retorno desses investimentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de simulação que permita analisar os impactos do uso de biotecnologias reprodutivas sobre o desempenho econômico de rebanhos leiteiros. Com o auxílio de uma planilha eletrônica do Microsoft® Office Excel®, foi desenvolvido um modelo determinístico, em função de parâmetros produtivos, reprodutivos e econômicos, com o fim de representar a conformação do rebanho em períodos de 21 dias ao longo de 25 anos. Foram realizadas simulações de quatro cenários de aplicação de biotecnologias: inseminação artificial com sêmen convencional (IAC) e com sêmen sexado (IAS), inseminação artificial em tempo fixo com sêmen convencional (IATFC) e com sêmen sexado (IATFS). Finalmente, foram calculados para cada cenário o Payback, o valor presente líquido (VPL) e a taxa interna de retorno (TIR) como indicadores da viabilidade econômica. Sob as condições simuladas, observou-se que o cenário com melhor desempenho econômico foi IATFS (Payback 3 anos; VPL R$ 2.558.490,80; e TIR 42,5% aa), seguido de IATFC (Payback 3 anos; VPL R$ 2.357.639,40; e TIR 42,9% aa). O cenário IAC apresentou valores superiores (Payback 3 anos; VPL de R$ 759.353,90; e TIR 29,3% aa), quando comparado com IAS (Payback 4 anos; VPL R$ 676.870,90; e TIR 23,3% aa). O modelo desenvolvido neste estudo permite auxiliar o processo de tomada de decisão na seleção da estratégia reprodutiva mais adequada com base em parâmetros específicos. / Reproductive biotechnologies have an economic impact on dairy herds. Its implementation requires the investment of known amounts of resources; however, the producers still have a clear difficulty in assessing the profitability of these investments. The aim of this study was to develop a simulation model to analyze how the use of reproductive biotechnologies impact on the economic performance of dairy herds. Using a Microsoft® Office Excel® spreadsheet, a deterministic model was created considering productive, reproductive and economic parameters, in order to represent the herd conformation in 21-day periods over 25 years. Then, four reproductive programs were simulated: artificial insemination using conventional semen (AIC) or sex-sorted semen (AIS) and fixed-time artificial insemination using conventional semen (FTAIC) or sex-sorted semen (FTAIS). Finally, indicators of economic viability: Payback, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) were calculated for each reproductive program. Under the simulated conditions, it was observed that the program with the best economic performance was FTAIS (Payback 3 years; NPV R$ 2,558,490.80; and IRR 42.5% per annum), followed by FTAIC (Payback 3 years; NPV R$ 2,357,639.40; and IRR 42.9% per annum). The AIC program presented higher economic returns (Payback 3 years, NPV R$ 759,353.90, and IRR 29.3% per annum) when compared with AIS (Payback 4 years; NPV R$ 676,870.90, and IRR 23.3% per annum). The mathematical model developed in this study can assists the decision-making process to select the most appropriate reproductive strategy based on specific parameters.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The inability to repair axonal damage is a feature of neurological impairment after injury and in neurodegenerative diseases. Axonal repair after injury depends in part on intrinsic factors. Several genes cell-autonomously regulate both axon regeneration and degeneration in response to injury. Recently, Sarm1 has emerged as a key regulator of neurodegeneration. Whether Sarm1 plays a role in axon regeneration is unknown. In this thesis, I identified a role for the C. elegans homolog of Sarm1, tir-1, as a negative regulator of axon regeneration. Investigating the genes which regulate axon regeneration and degeneration has been hindered by technical difficulties in visualizing and manipulating both of these processes in vivo simultaneously. To circumvent this challenge, I developed a new model of axon injury, where both axon regeneration and degeneration can be monitored in vivo with single neuron resolution in C. elegans. I found that the C. elegans homolog of Sarm1, tir-1, strongly inhibits axon regeneration in response to injury. I found that TIR-1 functions cell-intrinsically and that its subcellular localization is dynamically regulated in response to injury. To regulate both axon regeneration and degeneration after injury, I found that TIR-1 function is determined by interaction with two distinct genetic pathways. Together, this work reveals a novel role for tir-1/Sarm1 in axon regeneration, increases our understanding of the injury response, provides new avenues of investigation for studies of TIR-1/SARM1, and inspires candidate approaches to repair the injured nervous system.

Activation of NF-κB contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway predominately activates NF-κB. Recent studies have shown that the TIR/ BB-Loop mimetic (AS-1) disrupted the interaction of MyD88 with the IL-1R, resulting in blunting of NF-κB activation. We have examined the effects of AS-1 on the IL-1b-induced hypertrophic response using cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes in vitro and transverse aortic constriction (TAC) pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Neonatal cardiac myocytes were treated with AS-1 15 min prior to IL-1β stimulation for 24 h. AS-1 treatment significantly attenuated IL-1β-induced hypertrophic responses of cardiac myocytes. In vivo experiments showed that AS-1 administration prevented cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction induced by pressure overload. AS-1 administration disrupted the interaction of IL-1R with MyD88 in the pressure overloaded hearts and prevented activation of NF-κB. In addition, AS-1 prevented increases in activation of the MAPK pathway (p38 and p-ERK) in TAC-induced hypertrophic hearts. Our data suggest that the IL-1R-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway plays a role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and AS-1 attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy is mediated by blocking the interaction between IL-1R and MyD88, resulting in decreased NF-κB binding activity and decreased MAPK activation.

This thesis presents a theoretical and numerical investigation of silicon-on-insulator trench based passive optical components, bend and splitter, respectively. Compact 90 degree and 105 degree bend and splitter are designed with high index-contrast rib waveguide at wavelength 1550nm and serve as building blocks of splitting network in micro-cantilever biosensing application. The main characteristic of trench based bend and splitter structures is their miniature size and their low radiation loss due to the strong light confinement in high index-contrast systems. Thus large scale, high density optical integrated splitting network becomes possible with the associated advantages of compactness. With FDTD simulation, we show that single-mode trench based bends and splitters exhibit around 16000nm X 16000nm overall size with low loss for different bending angle. Total efficiency is about 92.9% (90 degree bend), 89.3% (105 degree bend), 92% (90 degree splitter) and 84% (90 degree splitter) respectively.

No description available.

No description available.