The management strategies of the religious televisions in Taiwan-a value chain analysis

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / We live in the era of media convergence and, in this moment, television, cellphone and computers break barriers and are used simultaneously in the same tv production. Taking as the start point the role of TV in face of this new reality established for other devices and platforms, this study seeks to investigate the phenomenon of interactivity between broadcaster and public that contaminates the audiovisual production in Brazil. Focusing on the three seasons of the program Master Chef and the program Superstar, broadcasted by Globo Teve and Televisão Bandeirantes, this study proposes examine the pratices headed by these TV producers to try to creat interactivity with their viewer/user and the resulting texts (second screen) to verify its repercursion and implications. The research utilize theorical-methodological contributions of the European semiotics inaugurated by Greimas with the complements formulated by his followers, especially the concept of interative practice brought by Ladowski. In the methodological approach, the research contains the interactive practice corresponding to the interactivity regime proposed to the viewer / user by the programs and the text that result from this action, which implies the examination of their paratextual, intertextual and intratextual instances in order to recognize the forms of participation proposed in the programs and the levels of interactivity prevailing in broadcasters. / Vive-se a era da convergência midiática, momento em que televisão, telefone celular e computador abandonam as barreiras para serem empregados de maneira simultânea, em uma mesma produção televisual. Este estudo, tomando como ponto de partida o papel da televisão frente a essa nova realidade oferecida por outros dispositivos e plataformas, busca investigar o fenômeno da interatividade, entre emissora e público, que contamina o fazer televisual no país. Assim, centrado nas três temporadas dos programas SuperStar e MasterChef, veiculados, respectivamente, pela Televisão Globo e pela Televisão Bandeirantes, propõe como objetivo o exame das práticas encabeçadas pelas emissoras, na tentativa de criar interatividade com o telespectador/usuário, e dos textos daí decorrentes (segunda tela), para verificar suas repercussões e implicações. No plano conceitual, o trabalho convoca os aportes teórico-metodológicos da semiótica de linha europeia, inaugurada por Greimas, com as complementações formuladas por seus seguidores, em especial a noção de prática interativa, trazida por Landowski. No encaminhamento metodológico, a investigação contempla a prática interativa, correspondente ao regime de interatividade proposto ao telespectador/usuário pelos programas, e o texto resultante dessa ação, o que implica o exame de suas instâncias paratextual, intertextual e intratextual, com vistas a reconhecer as formas de participação propostas nas emissões e os níveis de interatividade predominantes nas emissoras.

電視產業80年經歷多次創新，從硬體，載體加上視聽播送內容，以及非市場因素的政府介入，交互影養，我們看到內容與平台的創新演變與轉折。如今，資訊科技以新技術破壞式創新，融合多媒體匯流服務，”閱聽眾”收視習慣因而變成了”用戶”。兩方互跨領域與內容，紛紛以「新媒體」之姿跑馬圈地。 『世界是平的』作者，佛克林David Verklin提到，我們生活在一個競爭無止境的世界，代表創新抉擇亦將無止境。電視媒體過去從無線到有線以致數位，一直以持續性創新前進新戰場。如今，競爭對手不只是電視同業，資訊科技異業的攪局與破壞創新，定義出數位時代傳播服務的「新媒體」，將撼動電視媒體霸主地位。潮流所趨，電視媒體「轉型」已勢在必行，如何再次創新以加速就位，是一場嚴峻的挑戰。面對內部組織能力與外部新興科技的專業，都有創新的兩難。本文透過個案研究方式，應用古典與現代學派學者不同的創新論述，分析電視媒體轉型新媒體必備的創新元素與能力，彙整出創新抉擇的思考依循，提醒電視媒體企業經營者應有的創新習慣及演練，避免消失。 研究發現，電視媒體與資訊科技「新媒體」產業因”閱聽眾”與”用戶”概念，創新思維差異很大，以致採取不同價值主張。電視媒體認為資訊科技為輔助角色，直接平移新聞與節目即可。而由資訊科技業或電信網通業者所打造的「新媒體」，則定位在提供用戶最大「量」與「速度」的多媒體匯流服務，並轉載與其他平台一樣的資訊內容即可。事實上，兩者都已在同一個數位競技場，如果內容同質性過高，實難建立”閱聽眾”與”用戶”的忠誠度，更甭說獲利與否。結果顯示，新媒體服務必須滿足“閱聽眾”與“用戶”的概念，才能實踐創新，而創新的抉擇，必須回歸自身資源優勢與資訊科技業互補，共生共榮，才是「新媒體」正軌發展之道。 / TV-Media has been developed for more than 80 years with many transition。Not only technology、carrier but also regulation pushed TV Media heading to a new service。Apply those turnings to the theory of innovation，showed how TV media deal with unexpected future and their innovation phase。In this comprehensive with all kinds of possibility internet world，the new tech of media convergence emerged the「New Media」service，TV towards IT service，IT towards TV content service, which changed viewer’s behavior of seeing and hearing behavior, they became a user，that makes both side wants to be a Player。 As the book of 「The world is flat」writer “Thomas Friedman” says：”We are living in a never-ending competition world which means that takes innovation action is a way to survive”. Via Wireless、Satellite，then deliver the seeing & hearing content through cable to users，TV-media’s competitors are beyond the same trade，and more competitors will be the IT(information technology) business for it can converge all kinds of content and deliver it to TV/PC/Mobile，which defines itself as a「New Media」service。Transforming the way to see and hear with IT heavily involved，TV Media viewer has become a faithful user to the 「New Media」。Does it mean that 「New Media」might shake up TV-Media’s long lasting standing ? To a traditional TV-Media , tackling this innovation step is kind of a dilemma，for it’s current organization that seems not allow them to do so , and without IT-experts support hardly can make any step on what New Media needs。This research has applied Mr. Clayton Christensen’s point of innovation (Harvard Business Professor) to elaborate what were TV-Media’s innovation elements?how to empower those elements ? and some reminder has been figured out to help TV-Media to make the right innovation determination to avoid to be eliminated in media market 。 Accomplished this research , we discover that innovation orientation of TV-Media and IT-Based Media (New Media) are quite different.TV-Media took IT as a supplementary，thus，moving TV program as a New Media content. The IT-Base Media buy the same content to serve user as competitors do,focusing on quantity and speed。Actually both TV and IT , they are toward each other’s territory and battle in the same arena shows that content will be a critical issue。No matter viewer or user,they will not take the same service with repeat content。 Changing to a New Media era ,user behavior will different from sitting in sofa’s watching TV viewers , the content should be distinguished from long duration content。As a PC or mobile phone user , they dominate what content to watch。If the content attract thems or make it as a necessary information for themelves，they must to satisfy user with an innovation determination to consolidate both TV and IT Media’s advantage is necessary to take。 Because innovation will be the only way to breakthrough barrier，and a right way to turn TV-Media itself as a 「New Media」to a sustainable development。

This master's diploma thesis discusses the mechanisms by which the Slovak public television talent show Zem spieva (2017) creates the concept of folklore perfor- mance as a means of building and expressing national identity. This thesis also discusses the mechanisms by which the show creates a platform for negotiating the criteria of high standard folklore performance which should present a consistent reconstruction of tradition. These two effects of the show Zem spieva are in this thesis perceived as conceptually conflicting: on the one hand, there are essentialist ideas about the genetic predisposition of members of the Slovak nation for folklore performance; on the other hand, there are doctrines focused on the reconstruction of the tradition on the folklore stage. These doctrines are followed by an expert jury composed of prominent members of the folklore community. This thesis argues that the concept of performing folklore on stage perceived as an intellectual problem of the reconstruction of tradition is in the show subversive and therefore gradually replaced by emotionally and patriotically defined criteria of high quality folklore performance. This preferred measure preserves cultural cohesion in terms of sa- tisfying the needs of the mass audience. Following the conflict of the mentioned...