Un code de permutations G(n,d) un sous-ensemble C de Sym(n) tel que la distance de Hamming D entre deux éléments de C est supérieure ou égale à d. Dans cette thèse, le groupe des isométries de (Sym(n),D) est déterminé et il est prouvé que ces isométries sont des automorphismes du schéma d'association induit sur Sym(n) par ses classes de conjugaison. Ceci mène, par programmation linéaire, à de nouveaux majorants de la taille maximale des G(n,d) pour n et d fixés et n compris entre 11 et 13. Des algorithmes de génération avec rejet d'objets isomorphes sont développés. Pour classer les G(n,d) non isométriques, des invariants ont été construits et leur efficacité étudiée. Tous les G(4,3) et les G(5,4) ont été engendrés à une isométrie près, il y en a respectivement 61 et 9445 (dont 139 sont maximaux et décrits explicitement). D’autres classes de G(n,d) sont étudiées. A permutation code G(n,d) is a subset C of Sym(n) such that the Hamming distance D between two elements of C is larger than or equal to d. In this thesis, we characterize the isometry group of the metric space (Sym(n),D) and we prove that these isometries are automorphisms of the association scheme induced on Sym(n) by the conjugacy classes. This leads, by linear programming, to new upper bounds for the maximal size of G(n,d) codes for n and d fixed and n between 11 and 13. We develop generating algorithms with rejection of isomorphic objects. In order to classify the G(n,d) codes up to isometry, we construct invariants and study their efficiency. We generate all G(4,3) and G(4,5)codes up to isometry; there are respectively 61 and 9445 of them. Precisely 139 out of the latter codes are maximal and explicitly described. We also study other classes of G(n,d)codes.

L'objectif de ce travail de recherche est d'identifier les facteurs d'intégration de l'information environnementale dans les décisions urbaines à partir d'une approche pluridisciplinaire. Une analyse des pratiques et les apports des sciences sociales et de l'ingénieur ont permis de dégager 3 points de vigilance qui serviront de support théorique à l'élaboration d'une proposition de tableau de bord environnemental d'aide à la décision dans le cadre des SCOT. Le premier fondement du tableau de bord environnemental est le développement de l'innovation organisationnelle qui demande, au préalable, la confrontation des visions du territoire par les différents acteurs porteurs des enjeux. En fonction des territoires et des contextes politiques, l'identification de ces acteurs-porteurs d'enjeux peut se faire différemment. Dans le cadre du tableau de bord environnemental, le principe choisi sera de produire un cadre de référence des acteurs à mobiliser. Le second fondement est la recherche de la réduction des incertitudes pour les thèmes identifiés comme des enjeux importants pour le territoire. En raison de la complexité du système informationnel lié à l'environnement, une hiérarchisation des besoins en terme d'information est proposée. Deux socles de connaissance seront ainsi mobilisés. Le premier cherche à donner une image globale des enjeux du territoire à partir de données immédiatement disponibles. Cela servira de support à la hiérarchisation des enjeux environnementaux. Le second socle informationnel correspondra à des données localisées produites par les acteurs. Enfin, le dernier fondement du tableau de bord environnemental concerne l'évaluation du processus décisionnel à partir de deux aspects : la mobilisation des acteurs en fonction des enjeux identifiés sur le territoire, et la cohérence entre les projets du SCOT, notamment par rapport aux enjeux environnementaux.

Building and mantaining large-scale ontologies is an error-prone task. It is thus not uncommon to find unwanted or unexpected consequences that follow implicitely from the restrictions in the ontology. To understand and correct these consequences, it is helpful to find the specific portions of the ontology that are responsible for them. Axiom-pinpointing is the task of finding minimal subontologies that entail a given consequence, also called MinAs. In this work we look at the task of computing all the MinAs by means of modified decision procedures. We first show that tableaux- and automata-based decision procedures can be transformed into pinpointing algorithms that output a (compact) representation of the set of all MinAs. We then explore the complexity of the problem.

The Master Thesis deals with the use of the controlling concept in business management, Business Intelligence systems and their interconnection. The aim is to propose this integration link on the example of a particular company and at the same time to give management recommendations in areas that will be evaluated in the analysis as insufficient. The theoretical part of this thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first deals with the definition of controlling, its tools and organizations. The second one describes business intelligence, not just the basic principles of this technology, but also the choice of tools and the implementation process are explained. The following chapter lists two software tools that combine controlling and business intelligence in practice. The practical part is divided into a general description of the company, analysis of the applied elements of controlling and then the proposal of solution of insufficient areas and the process of BI implementation, which contains 12 steps which would enable to implement the BI concept.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to design a comparison process for reporting tools with accent on managerial decision-making needs, and to demonstrate its use in practice by comparing two selected reporting tools. Theoretical foundation, on which the thesis is built, is created first. The main accent is put on introducing performance measurement and management and the role, which is played by reporting in relation to it. Reporting itself is subsequently addressed in more detail separately. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on analysis and synthesis of findings stemming from review of literature, theses dealing with related topics, and scientific articles published electronically. The practical part of the thesis deals with the introduction and utilization of the designed comparison process for reporting tools with respect to the tools' suitability for supporting decision-making. The process was used to compare Tableau Desktop and Eclipse BIRT. Outputs in the form of graphs and dashboards from Tableau Desktop, which - given the chosen criteria and their weights - achieved higher score in comparison to Eclipse BIRT, were used to demonstrate their possible use in the context of decision-making. In the practical part of the thesis comparison is used based on the designed process, defined method of calculating criteria weights and evaluation system. Criteria weights are calculated using Fuller's pairwise comparison method. Generic information shown is based on the analysis and synthesis of related publicly accessible business, economic, marketing and product information. The thesis puts reporting into the context of decision-making process, more specifically into the context of its role within performance measurement and management. The conclusion that can be drawn is that even though there are numerous processes, approaches, methods, disciplines etc. dealing with performance measurement and management, it is reporting that provides the means enabling smoother decision-making. Thanks to reporting it is possible to access large volumes of data and information stored in the source systems, transform them and present them to users in a way which will support their decision-making needs. The contribution of the thesis lies in the creation of a flexible process for reporting tools comparison. The introduced process can be used by any organization dealing with the matter of choosing the most suitable reporting tool from more alternatives. The introduced process enables organizations to use a clearly defined sequence of steps, while at the same time allowing them to choose appropriate parameters best fitting their needs. Thus, the introduced process reflects the fact that priorities and needs of organizations may differ and therefore it is not possible to introduce a set of rigid criteria suiting the needs of all in general.

This Diploma thesis focuses on a comparison of selected commercial reporting BI platforms. The goals of the thesis are to create pilot dashboards based on three Business Intelligence tools, compare these tools among themselves and select the most optimal one for creating dashboards. The theoretical part describes the problematics of Business Intelligence, its principles and components. These are divided into several layers such as production systems, transformation and data layers, data analysis and presentation layer. The performance dashboard are then described and an indepth analysis of the commercial tools market has been performed. In the practical part pilot dashboards are created based on retail chains data in three selected Business Intelligence tools Power BI, QlikView and Tableau. These are then compared and based on a multi-criteria analysis the optimal tool for creating dashboards is selected and recommended. The evaluation criteria, their weights using Fuller´s method and the final evaluation based on the Weighted Sum Approach are set in the analysis. The Diploma thesis is set up for a project of the Competency center Retail Analytics and for the professional community. It shall be used as one of the sources in the selection of BI reporting platform.

Dans le contexte économique mondial, l’économie virtuelle et le capital immatériel sont le champ privilégié de la création de valeur, de la différenciation et des gains de productivité. A l'échelle macro-économique c'est le principal moteur d’une croissance aux facteurs nouveaux. Le rôle croissant du capital immatériel pose aussi le problème de sa mesure par de nouveaux indicateurs pertinents, sa valorisation (monétaire et qualitative), son appréciation par les parties prenantes et de son influence sur la compétitivité. D’où notre proposition d’une normalisation ISO et d’un tableau de bord stratégique (prospectif) dans cette thèse. La situation actuelle de pilotage et de sa valorisation n’est plus satisfaisante. D’abord parce que les états financiers ne donnent qu’une valorisation partielle du capital immatériel. Ensuite parce qu’il n’existe ni de définition claire du concept ni de méthode reconnue et partagée pour assurer son pilotage. Enfin, en matière de valorisation et de reconnaissance, si les marchés financiers intègrent d'ores et déjà le capital immatériel dans la valorisation des entreprises, ils ne sont plus efficients car d’autres éléments comme la spéculation mondiale ont une incidence sur les cours des actions. Donc, la valeur de marché ne fournit pas de détail sur les composantes du capital immatériel (humain, marque, recherche et développement, brevets etc.), indispensable au pilotage dans ces économies de plus en plus virtuelles. / In the global economy, the virtual economy and intellectual capital are the privileged field of value creation, differentiation and productivity gains. At the macro level is the main engine of growth to new factors. The growing role of intangible capital also the problem of its measurement by new relevant indicators, its valuation (monetary and quality), its appreciation by stakeholders and its influence on competitiveness. Hence our proposal of an ISO standardization and an array of strategic edge (forward) in this thesis. The current situation steering and its valuation is no longer satisfactory. First, because the financial statements give only a partial valuation of intangible capital. Then because there is no clear definition of the concept or method recognized and shared to ensure its control. Finally, in terms of valuation and recognition, if financial markets already integrate and intangible capital already in the valuation of companies, they are more efficient because other factors such as global speculation affect the prices of actions. So, the market value does not provide details on the components of intellectual capital (human, brand, research and development, patents etc.), essential for driving in these economies increasingly virtual.

La musique a le pouvoir d’exprimer ce qui est latent dans d’autres formes d’art, comme elle peut aussi transcender et ajouter d’autres niveaux de signification au texte d’une chanson. Mais seules les illustrations peuvent encapsuler une scène au cœur de la musique. Dans ce mémoire, j’explore différents moyens musicaux dont dispose le compositeur pour mettre en musique son interprétation d’une œuvre picturale. Cette œuvre est, par définition, privée de la dimension temporelle. Si, pour le peintre Eugène Delacroix, « Le véritable but du peintre est de nous faire prendre part à l’intensité de l’instant », la musique, elle, ne peut être appréciée et laisser sa trace sur nous qu’en fonction du temps qu’elle prend pour se déployer. Conséquemment, une question a nourri ma réflexion : sous quels angles et selon quels critères d’analyse puis-je aborder une œuvre picturale afin d’en tirer des constats qui pourront, par la suite, servir de support à la création de ma musique? Je tente de répondre à mon questionnement en approchant l’interprétation d’une illustration par quatre avenues possibles : réaliste ou descriptive, impressionniste, narrative et, finalement, par association stylistique entre le medium illustratif et le medium musical. Pour le besoin de mon étude, j’ai composé trois œuvres basées sur sept illustrations : 1) Tableaux Montmartre. Suite symphonique inspirée de Tableaux d’une exposition de Modeste Moussorgski et dont le support illustratif consiste en cinq toiles représentant le Montmartre par cinq peintres différents : Charles Malle, Armand Lourenço, Kees Van Dongen, Eugène Paul (Gen-Paul) et Georges Braque. 2) Lumière fossile. Poème symphonique ayant comme source d’inspiration une photographie du cosmos prise par le télescope spatial Planck. 3) Tennis Duet. Pièce à forme variable pour piano seul ayant comme source d’inspiration extra-musicale une photographie d’Arnold Schoenberg jouant au tennis. / Music has the power to express what may be latent in other art-forms, just as it may transcend and add new layers of meaning to the text set in a song. But only the illustrations themselves can actually encapsulate the scene, character or item at the heart of the music. In this thesis, I explore the different musical means available to the composer to set his interpretation of a pictorial work to music. This work is, by definition, deprived of the temporal dimension. If, for the painter Eugène Delacroix, « The true goal of the painter is to make us take part in the intensity of the moment », music can be appreciated and leave its mark on us only according to the time it takes to deploy. Consequently, a question nurtured my reflection: From what angles and according to what criteria of analysis can I approach a pictorial work in order to draw observations that could subsequently serve as a support for the creation of my music? I try to answer these questions by approaching the interpretation of an illustration through four possible avenues: Realist or descriptive, impressionist, narrative and, finally, by a stylistic transfer from the illustrative medium to the musical medium. For the purposes of my study, I composed three works based on seven illustrations : 1) Tableaux Montmartre. Symphonic piece inspiered by Pictures at an exhibition by Modest Moussorgsky and whose illustrative support consists of five canvases representing Montmartre by five different painters: Charles Malle, Armand Lourenço, Kees Van Dongen, Eugène Paul (Gen-Paul) and Georges Braque. 2) Lumière fossile. Symphonic poem inspired by a photograph of the cosmic radiation taken by the Planck space telescope 3) Tennis Duet. Piece, whose structural form may vary, for solo piano inspired by a photograph of Arnold Schoenberg playing tennis.

Building and mantaining large-scale ontologies is an error-prone task. It is thus not uncommon to find unwanted or unexpected consequences that follow implicitely from the restrictions in the ontology. To understand and correct these consequences, it is helpful to find the specific portions of the ontology that are responsible for them. Axiom-pinpointing is the task of finding minimal subontologies that entail a given consequence, also called MinAs. In this work we look at the task of computing all the MinAs by means of modified decision procedures. We first show that tableaux- and automata-based decision procedures can be transformed into pinpointing algorithms that output a (compact) representation of the set of all MinAs. We then explore the complexity of the problem.

[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação é construir um tableaux linear intuicionista a partir de um cálculo de sequentes relevante clássico. Os passos principais dessa construção são: i) tradução das regras do cálculo dos sequentes relevante clássico para regras de tableaux (capítulo 3), usando a estratégia apresentada por D Agostino et al. em Tableau Methods for Substructural Logic. ii) construção de um tableaux linear clássico através da linearização do tableaux clássico relevante (capítulo 4). iii) apresentar um tableau intuicionista ao estilo Fitting, em que são adicionados rótulos T s e F s às fórmulas (capítulo 5). / [en] The main goal of this master tesis is intuitionistic linear tableaux from a relevant sequent calculus. The central steps are: i) Apply D Agostino et al. strategy to translate classical relevant sequent calculus rules to tableaux rules for classical relevant logic (Chapter 3). ii) Use Meyer et al. strategy to linearize the classical relevant tableaux (Chapter 4). iii) Build a new intuicionistic linear tableaux with Fitting labels.