Esta dissertação se propõe a problematizar as representações de tabu da sociedade brasileira, apresentadas na série de documentários Tabu Brasil, produzidos sob o viés do olhar da National Geographic Society. A hipótese que norteia este estudo é de que as representações de tabu na série focal, para além da mera exposição de casos, acabam marginalizando outros saberes e culturas, a partir de uma perspectiva situada e defendida por grupos hegemônicos no ocidente. A fundamentação teórica para esta análise apresenta como suporte principal os estudos discursivos de teóricos como Pechêux (1975, 1988, 1999), Foucault (1971, 1984, 1977) e Deleuze (1992), cujos conceitos de formação discursiva, sociedade disciplinar, relações entre poder, saber e verdade e de sociedade de controle serviram de base para a discussão. A análise versa sobre o imaginário construído em torno da questão de tabu, relativo à sociedade brasileira, a partir do ponto de vista dos produtores dos documentários, vislumbrando uma possível estereotipização e/ou um silenciamento para questões mais fundamentais na sociedade ocidental. O trabalho está organizado em três capítulos que investigam a construção dos documentários feitos para a TV, sua importância e condições de produção. Por meio das imagens, dos dizeres do narrador em off, e dos sujeitos representados, cujas identidades supostamente constituem um tabu, observa-se que as representações oferecem ao público uma visão parcial de um outro subalterno, sob o ponto de vista do grupo hegemônico. Ao mesmo tempo, imagens e texto fortalecem a representação de tabu, sugerindo a existência de uma sociedade ideal, diferente da retratada, revelando, a partir de nossa discussão, uma preocupação com possíveis abalos à gestão da sociedade de controle. / This dissertation aims to discuss the representations of taboo in the Brazilian society. Originally presented in the documentary TV series Tabu Brasil, it was produced by the National Geographic Society. The hypothesis postulates that representations of taboo in the target series, apart from mere case exposures, end up marginalizing other knowledges and cultures, from a perspective situated and advocated by Western hegemonic groups. The theoretical basis for this analysis is mainly grounded in discursive studies of theoreticians such as Pechêux (1975, 1988, 1999), Foucault (1971, 1984, 1977) and Deleuze (1992), whose concepts of discursive formation, disciplinary society, relations of knowledge, power and truth, and of society of control were the basis of the discussion. The analysis problematizes the constructed imaginary of taboo, as it relates to Brazilian social issues, based on the documentary producers point of view. The perception is of the stereotyping and/or silencing of more fundamental matters in Western society. The work is divided into three chapters that examine the production of TV documentaries, their relevance and conditions of production. Through the images, the speech of the narrator and the subjects whose identities are supposedly considered as a taboo, we can observe that the representations offer the public a partial view of a subaltern other, through the point of view of the hegemonic group. At the same time, images and text reinforce the representations of taboo, suggesting the existence of an ideal society, different from the depicted one, revealing, from our discussion, a concern with possible disruptions to the management of the society of control.

Orientador: Kanavillil Rajagopalan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T07:12:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_AlexandredoAmaral_D.pdf: 955361 bytes, checksum: c2b049d4e4302e9960af96c13a012b5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A pesquisa apresentada nesta tese aponta para a necessidade de se rever metodologias, princípios e pressupostos que sustentam a Lingüística, considerando o seu papel e função em uma sociedade, reconhecidamente, de identidades e saberes fluidos. Tomando como objeto de estudo o Preconceito Lingüístico, entendido no contexto da condição pós-moderna e de um mundo globalizado, procura repensar a Lingüística e as políticas lingüísticas, na perspectiva dos traços de ambivalência que marcam a pós-modernidade. Dentre suas hipóteses, formula que as políticas lingüísticas podem ser tão preconceituosas quanto quaisquer formas de preconceito, correndo mesmo o risco de ratificá-los, de legitimá-los. A luta contra o preconceito pode não passar de um engodo ideológico. Formas de preconceito podem estar implícitas, portanto, no discurso em defesa de uma língua, assim como nos discurso que admitem a pluralidade lingüística. Por isso, ao mesmo tempo em que reúne elementos para entender a inserção da Lingüística e do preconceito lingüístico na pósmodernidade, reivindica a proposição futura de uma Crítica da Razão Lingüística como uma base necessária para ampliação dos estudos da linguagem / Abstract: The research for this thesis points to the necessity of reviewing methodologies, principles and presuppositions which sustain the mainstream Linguistics, considering its role and function in a society seen as society of fluid identities and knowledges. Taking Linguistic Prejudice as study object and understanding it in the context of postmodern society and of a globalized world, we try to rethink Linguistics and politics of language in the perspective of post modern typical ambivalent characteristics. Among our hypotheses, we suggest that linguistic politics may have as much prejudice as any other forms of prejudice, so that it is possible to ratify and legitimate them through these politics. The struggle against prejudice may be nothing but a mistake, an ideological fantasy. Therefore, at the same time this thesis puts together elements which allow to understand the insertion of Linguistics in the post-modernity, it claims for a future proposition of a Critique of Linguistic Reason as a necessary base to broaden up language studies / Doutorado / Doutor em Linguística

Le tabou est un sujet éminemment délicat dans le champ universitaire, car il appartient, en premier lieu, à la religion, et en deuxième lieu, à la vie sociale. D'après notre étude, le statut du tabou change, au fur et à mesure que le temps passe et que la technologie progresse. En d'autres termes, Internet permet la circulation de livres et de publications interdits et les rend accessibles au plus grand nombre d'intéressés. Par exemple, des œuvres comme Les Fils de la Médina [Awlâd Hâratinâ] ou Plateforme, peuvent être tout simplement lues en ligne partout dans le monde entier. Donc, la notion de tabou religieux qui a toujours dépendu de la culture de chaque pays et du rôle qu' y jouaient les religieux dans la vie politique, religieuse et sociale, risque d'être ébranlée, ou, tout au moins d'être influencée par une diffusion que les moyens technologiques ne cessent de rendre plus rapide. / Taboo is an eminently touchy subject in the academic field as part of both religious and social life. According to our study the status of the taboo changes as time goes by and technology progresses. In other words, Internet allows the circulation of forbidden books and publications in making them available to the greatest number of readers. For instance, works such as Les Fils de la Médina or Plateforme can easily be read on the web in the entire world. Therefore, the notion of religious taboo, which has always depended upon the culture of each country and on the role of the religious entities in the political, religious and social life of the country, are at the risk of being shaken or, at least, of being influenced by a circulation that technology keeps on making easier and faster.

The thesis explores women's experiencing of menstruation and it compares the experiencing in two groups, one consisting of women who have attended women's circles, and the other of women who have not. In addition to experiencing menstruation, the thesis explores the women's circles themselves as a new social phenomenon. Data collected through interviews with ten women was analysed using grounded theory methods. Menstruation is examined on the level of personal experiencing as well as on the level of a social norm. These levels are seen to show mutual influence. To some degree, women adopt the social perception of menstruation, yet at the same time, it is their experiences and actions that form it. Therefore, women have the potential to change the social norms regarding menstruation. Women outside women's circles accept the social norm and experience menstruation passively. They consider not feeling well a natural side-effect and do not attempt to change it. Women who have attended women's circles counter the social norm and experience menstruation actively. They work with their experiences, both physical and psychological, while menstruating, and they actively adjust their surrounding conditions in order to feel better. KEYWORDS: menstruation, experience, women's circles, womanhood, taboo, gender

Magister Artium - MA / This thesis is a sociolinguistic exploration of the research that was conducted on the Manenberg community. It focuses on the community’s socio-economic vices such as gangsterism, drug trafficking, drug addiction, prostitution, lack of education, poverty, unemployment, domestic violence and so forth (c.f. Salo, 2004; Willenberg & September, 2008). Taking these factors into account, the research explores discourses surrounding HIVand AIDS messages and investigates whether such euphemisms are dependent on age and gender. This study also evaluates the politeness strategies employed by the youths and adults as means to de-taboo taboo talk related to HIV and AIDS

Magister Educationis - MEd / An important aspect of my thesis is the discussion of the various narrators in the novel; Vladimir Nabokov, John Ray Jnr. and Humbert Humbert. The novel, or Humbert’s memoirs, is only published after Lolita has died in order to preserve her dignity. John Ray Jnr. is the psychologist who is charged with editing Humbert's memoirs to ensure that no lewd details are published. This brings problems of their own, as we find that John Ray Jnr. has clear moral perceptions of Humbert as a person. This effectively creates a fiction within a fiction, which is already set in the fictitious genre of the novel. Vladimir Nabokov arguably informs the novel with his own ethics and ethos. This interrogates the reliability of the narrators and calls into question the truth-value of fiction and the inappropriateness of the law to ban fiction that discusses taboo issues. The main aim of my thesis is to discredit Humbert as a reliable narrator and character by analysing the taboo issues of paedophilia, incest, rape and murder. This will be done in order to show how Nabokov proposes alternative morals by deconstructing traditional morality using taboo topics in fiction

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The thesis investigates one aspect of intracultural communication among the Czech Deaf community. Namely, it surveys those themes which are considered to be taboo among Czech Deaf signers and in which ways they are discussed. This topic is explored from the pragmalinguistic perspective. The meanings of terms such as "taboo" and "euphemism" are explained on the basis of theories of politeness. Thereafter, the topics that are regarded to be taboo in the Czech (hearing) culture are presented, as the source of euphemisms in some foreign sign languages. On the basis of such knowledge, the methodology for a pilot investigation into the tabulation of how communication within the Czech Deaf community was created. Based on semi-structured interviews with five Deaf informants it is examined whether the topics of death, serious diseases, human anatomy and physiology, sexual behavior, social inequality in regards to economic status, as well as socially unacceptable behavior such as drunkenness, lying, stealing and cheating are felt to be taboo during communication among the Czech Deaf community. It was proved that the community tabooed many of these topics in a similar way as the hearing Czech. If the Deaf users of Czech Sign Language need or want to talk about them, they often use such lexemes that could be,...

Co-design workshops (CDW) kan förbättra idégenereringen i designprocessen. CDW grundar sig i att människor ska arbeta tillsammans i realtid men vid forskning om stigmatiserade ämnen kan det vara svårt att genomföra den öga mot öga på grund av stigman. Tidigare forskning visar en större komplexitet med att forska om stigmatiserade ämnen inom human-computer interaction (HCI). Det finns en stor risk för att stigmatisera deltagarna ytterligare eftersom forskningen ofta involverar att designa tillsammans. Syftet med studien är att få kunskap om hur designers kan stöttas vid genomförandet av CDW om stigmatiserade ämnen för att inte stigmatisera deltagarna ytterligare, samt att främja inkludering av människor som upplever stigma i co-design vid design av digitala produkter och tjänster som berör dem. En designorienterad studie har genomförts där designförslag har tagits fram baserat på litteratur. Designförslagen har inkorporerats i en artefakt som i denna studie är en process i form av en CDW som också användes för att utvärdera och testa upplevelsen av CDW med stigmatiserade ämnen. Resultatet av studien är fyra designförslag kopplat till social sårbarhet, känslomässiga reaktioner, initiativtagande och skillnader i kunskap. Dessa kan användas vid genomförandet av CDW om stigmatiserade ämnen för att inte skapa obehag hos deltagarna eller stigmatisera ytterligare. / Co-design workshops (CDW) can improve the production of ideas in the design process. CDW is based on people working together in real time, but when researching stigmatized subjects, it can be difficult to carry out the research eye to eye due to the stigma. Previous research shows a greater complexity in researching stigmatized subjects in human-computer interaction (HCI). There is a great risk of further stigmatizing the participants because the research often involves designing together. The purpose of the study was to gain knowledge about how designers can be supported in the implementation of CDW on stigmatized subjects to prevent further stigmatizing participants, and to encourage the inclusion of people who experience stigma in co-design when designing digital products and services that affect them. A design-oriented study has been carried out where design suggestions have been developed based on literature. The design suggestions have been incorporated into an artifact which in this study is a process in the form of a CDW, which was also used to evaluate and test the experience of CDW with stigmatized subjects. The result of the study are four design suggestions connected to social vulnerability, emotional reactions, initiative and differences in knowledge. These can be used in the implementation of the CDW about stigmatized subjects to not create discomfort among the participants or further stigmatize.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use and frequency of euphemisms for die, dying or dead in the American English-language using the Corpus of Contemporary American English. To fulfill the purpose, three research questions were answered. I wanted to know in which genres, of Spoken, Fiction, Magazines, Newspapers, Academic texts, TV/Movies, Blogs and web-gnl, the euphemisms occurred the most. I also wanted to investigate which euphemism, in terms of frequency, of pass away, demise, decease and last breath was the most common one, and how frequent they are compared to the “standard” die, dying or dead. How the frequency of the euphemisms developed over the time span 1990-2019, was also something the study wanted to answer. To answer these questions, studies which defined and discussed taboo, euphemisms, and metonymy were used. The conclusion was that even the least occurring genre in the standard has got a higher frequency than all the euphemisms together. However, demise was the most frequent euphemism and Fiction, TV/Movies and Academic were the genres in which the euphemisms occur the most in. Moreover, although demise was the most frequent euphemism, it was also the one that decreased the most over the period of 30 years. pass away, however, increased the most over time.