The thesis aims to observe the function of Paul's dual citizenship in the narratives of Acts. Luke reports Paul's status as a Tarsian and a Roman citizen. However this conflicts with the account of Paul's origins mentioned in his own letters. After surveying Paul's origins in his letters and Acts, the conclusion drawn is that the biblical texts are inconsistent. Thus, the issue of Paul's citizenship reaches an impasse in terms of historical discussion. Therefore, the study of Paul's citizenship turns to a literary approach, since Paul's Roman citizenship is the dominant force which enables Paul to appeal to Caesar in the trial narrative. Without Roman citizenship, the narratives of Acts cannot be interpreted clearly. For a fuller understanding of the trial narratives in Acts, this thesis also investigates the trial narratives in the Acta Alexandrinorum, a collection of ancient documents which record the political conflict between the Alexandrian Greek citizens and Jews in Alexandria during the early Roman Egypt, as the closest known parallels to the Acts texts. At the centre of each of their accounts is the issue of citizenship. The Acta Alexandrinorum also contain significant motifs, particularly "patriotic motifs" and "martyrdom motifs", and two propagandistic ideologies: "anti-Semitism" and "anti-Romanism" which form the groundwork for our understanding of the function of Paul's dual citizenship. The comparison between the two documents casts new light on Luke's genuine purpose. This thesis shows that Paul's citizenship functions primarily to control the narratives of Acts as well as Luke's ideological stance. Luke's ideological stance is demonstrated to be "anti- Jewish" and "anti-Roman" in a manner which ultimately discloses the power of the Gospel of Jesus. The dramatis personae and even the Roman empire are won over by the Gospel of Jesus in Paul's trial narratives.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:33:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Rezende Mendes.pdf: 1637331 bytes, checksum: aea6da94c5da703176140b6b01613163 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-28 / Este estudo objetiva identificar a motivação para a emergência dos conflitos de natureza política na ekklesia de Corinto, logo após a sua fundação, em 50, por Paulo de Tarso. Destaca que as epístolas 1 e 2 Coríntios, redigidas por Paulo e endereçadas a essa comunidade entre 54-60, apresentam conflitos relacionados ao tipo de conduta adotado pelos membros e, sobretudo, a disputas por autoridade dentro da ekklesia, as quais se desdobram numa oposição à autoridade de Paulo como apóstolo . Na averiguação dos conflitos, faz uso de uma metodologia que se apoia na Análise de Conteúdo e nos pressupostos teóricos de Bourdieu acerca da eficácia do discurso e do poder simbólico, e assim investiga o grau de institucionalização do paleocristianismo e os modelos de autoridade apostólica vigentes no século I. Aponta como resultados que a autoridade de Paulo foi contestada porque os grupos paleocristãos não tinham uma referência única de autoridade e que o grau de institucionalização do paleocristianismo na metade do século I se mostrava incipiente, caracterizado pela ausência de fronteiras bem definidas entre os grupos religiosos de tendência judaico-cristã / This study aims to identify the motivation for the emergence of political conflicts in the ekklesia of Corinth, soon after its foundation in 50 A.C., by Paul of Tarsus. It highlights that the letters 1 and 2 Corinthians, written by Paul and addressed to this community between 54-60 A.C., present conflicts related to the type of conduct adopted by its members and, above all, the disputes over authority within the ekklesia, which unfold in opposition to the authority of Paul as "apostle." In the investigation of conflicts, it makes use of a methodology that relies on Content analysis and Bourdieus theoretical assumptions about the effectiveness of speech and symbolic power and thus it investigates the degree of institutionalization of Paleochristianity and models of apostolic authority in force in the 1st century. It points as results that Pauls authority was challenged because Paleochristians groups have not had only one reference of authority and that the degree of institutionalization of Paleochristianity showed itself incipient in the first half of the 1st century, characterized by the absence of well-defined boundaries among groups Jewish Christian tendency

The dromedary camel has a very high economic importance in the Arabic countries. Nevertheless, there is a very little background literature on the use of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) in dromedaries in comparison to other domestic and farm animal species. Therefore, the tarsal region of six cadaver limbs, obtained from three orthopedic disease free dromedary camels, was evaluated via radiography, US and CT. The limbs were frozen and sectioned transversely, sagittaly and dorsally. The anatomic structures were identified and correlated to the analogous structures on the corresponding CT slices and US images and published in two manuscripts. Radiography was performed in both standard (0º and 90º) oblique (45º and 135º) radiographic projections. The tarsus was investigated via US in four planes (dorsal, medial, lateral and plantar) and each plane was scrutinized in four levels (calcaneal tuber, tibial malleoli, base of calcaneus and proximal head of metatarsus) in both transverse and longitudinal views. Radiography provided a good representation of the bony structures and articulations with little information on the soft tissues of the tarsus and superimposition of the tarsal bones. Ultrasonography furnished adequate delineation of the peri-articular tissues of the tarsus and was limited to the bone surface. Computed tomography provided cross sectional imaging of the dromedary tarsus without bone and soft tissue overlap and allowed visualization and differentiation of tissues in almost every situation. This work was undertaken to document the normal appearance of the dromedary camel tarsus via radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography which may be used as a resource for interpretation of dromedary tarsal pathology using various diagnostic imaging modalities.

The main subject of the thesis is multi-layered historical towns which are formed as a result of collective creation process and continuous inhabitancy that new buildings, edifices and open areas superimpose in time forming a specific character which can be defined as multi-layeredness. Considering the specific character of multi-layered towns, the principles for the presentation of historical stratification is the foremost objective of the thesis. The thesis focuses on &amp / #8216 / presentation principles based on cultural significance of multi-layered historical towns so as to conserve, sustain and present their specific character as an integral part of the conservation process. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to determine presentation principles for multilayered historical towns in order to reveal and conserve their historical stratification by assessing the historical continuities, interruptions and transformations based on the cultural significance of multi-layeredness. Focusing on this aim, the thesis is structured in two parts as the identification of presentation principles for multi-layered historical towns, discussing the information groups effecting the determination of cultural significance followed by the implementation of these principles on a concrete example as the case study. Subsequently, a proposal for the presentation principles guiding the design stages together with the identification of information groups for the determination of cultural significance is apprehended for the case study. The case study selected in the thesis for the implementation of the proposed principles is Tarsus which is a multi-layered historical town in Turkey having presentation potential for historical stratification. To conclude, depending on the cultural significance specific to multi-layered historical towns, presentation is a way for the understanding and dissemination of these significances. The presentation principles set in this thesis can be regarded as a part of the conservation planning that has to be integrated to the existing process and it is possible to state that these principles are essential for the conservation and sustainability of multi-layered character of historical towns.

Thesis (M.A.)--Western Washington University, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 29, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

One of the best-known structures in Drosophila is the sex comb, an arrangement of modified bristles on the tarsal forelegs of males. This complex, sexually-dimorphic trait shows striking variation among closely related species, although most other aspects of the tarsal bristle pattern have been conserved. I studied the development of the sex comb in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and six related species. I confirmed that the D. melanogaster sex comb, although longitudinal in the adult, originates in a transverse orientation and rotates during development, and showed that this process occurs through male-specific convergent extension. However, in the species that I examined that have longitudinally-oriented sex combs that extend the full length of the tarsus, including D. ficusphila and two species of the montium subgroup, the sex comb does not rotate, and instead forms from two longitudinal rows that converge during development. Another species of the montium subgroup, D. nikananu, has a sex comb that is convergently similar to D. melanogaster, but forms in a manner typical of its subgroup, showing that very similar combs can be formed through different processes. In all species, there is a strong correlation between the position of the sex comb and the transverse bristle row on the foreleg tarsus just proximal to it. To test whether it is possible to violate this apparent constraint on development, I perturbed the expression of the leg patterning gene dachshund to generate ectopic sex combs in D. melanogaster. I found that while most patterns showed the same correlation, a few circumvent the constraint. I also demonstrated that the ectopic combs were formed non-autonomously and that overexpression of dachshund can transform certain aspects of the sex comb phenotype to resemble the transverse bristles to which they are homologous.

One of the best-known structures in Drosophila is the sex comb, an arrangement of modified bristles on the tarsal forelegs of males. This complex, sexually-dimorphic trait shows striking variation among closely related species, although most other aspects of the tarsal bristle pattern have been conserved. I studied the development of the sex comb in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and six related species. I confirmed that the D. melanogaster sex comb, although longitudinal in the adult, originates in a transverse orientation and rotates during development, and showed that this process occurs through male-specific convergent extension. However, in the species that I examined that have longitudinally-oriented sex combs that extend the full length of the tarsus, including D. ficusphila and two species of the montium subgroup, the sex comb does not rotate, and instead forms from two longitudinal rows that converge during development. Another species of the montium subgroup, D. nikananu, has a sex comb that is convergently similar to D. melanogaster, but forms in a manner typical of its subgroup, showing that very similar combs can be formed through different processes. In all species, there is a strong correlation between the position of the sex comb and the transverse bristle row on the foreleg tarsus just proximal to it. To test whether it is possible to violate this apparent constraint on development, I perturbed the expression of the leg patterning gene dachshund to generate ectopic sex combs in D. melanogaster. I found that while most patterns showed the same correlation, a few circumvent the constraint. I also demonstrated that the ectopic combs were formed non-autonomously and that overexpression of dachshund can transform certain aspects of the sex comb phenotype to resemble the transverse bristles to which they are homologous.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sebastiana maria Silva.pdf: 1536000 bytes, checksum: 2487c2d3e1207d1baf47cde8279add8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-11 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / The subject celestial journey , well familiar to the old mediterranean world, is based on the belief that the visionary can cross the boundary between humanity and divinity, a constant characteristic in apocalyptic literature. Old Jewish mysticism was seen as an important dimension of this tradition, that is the reason why the mystics used the term apocalypse to describe the revelation of their experiences. Paul s ascension to heaven, recounted in 2 Cor 12,1-10, is the only first hand account and the best evidence of ecstatic practice of celestial journey in first century Judaism. This text, one of great interest in the studies of New Testament, has been examined in thematic forms that extend from the recognition of the apostle as enjoyable to divinity - what granted him such a heroic achievement - to a punishment experience by the guardians of the celestial gates for finding in him no merit to approach the place of the presence of God. For long time, the studies that prevailed in the academy were those of the theological aspects of the passage, such as the spine in the flesh , the apostolic mission , Paul s opponents , among others. The language of the passage reveals important topics that were not considered together for a coherent interpretation of the text. The use of expressions from the Jewish mystical apocalyptic circle like "caught up", "Third Heaven", "hear unutterable words" and "a thorn for the flesh" by the apostle needs to be investigated for the comprehension of what Paul had in mind while using those terms. Another problem is the omission of the experimental approach described in the passage. The apostle reveals that he lived the experience recounted in 2 Cor 12,1-10. While he was telling the unknown status of his body during the rising, he highlights signs of the altered state of consciousness, an aspect that was not considered in the traditional analysis of the text. These problems are analyzed in this thesis take as instruments of the Religion History and the Neurotheology analysis. Models were built trying to demonstrate a correlation between brain activity and mystical experience. In this respect, we have to point out that the emergence of neurotheology, or spiritual neurology brings a progress to the area of religious experience. Some points of difficult interpretation in pauline text have been clarified under this perspective. The proposal of this study was to build a contextual frame to analyse the ecstatic experience of Paul. The study made it possible to infer that the interdisciplinary approach allows a more appropriate scenario to the understanding and interpretation of the text. / O tema viagem celestial , bem familiar ao mundo mediterrâneo antigo fundamenta-se na crença de que o visionário pode cruzar a fronteira entre a humanidade e a divindade, uma característica constante na literatura apocalíptica. O misticismo judaico antigo era visto como uma importante dimensão dessa tradição, razão pela qual os místicos usaram o termo apocalipse para descrever a revelação de suas experiências. A ascensão de Paulo ao céu, recontada em 2 Cor 12,1-10, é o único relato de primeira mão e a melhor evidência para a prática extática de viagem celestial no judaísmo do primeiro século. De grande interesse nos estudos do Novo Testamento o texto tem sido abordado em forma temática que se estende desde o reconhecimento do apóstolo como agradável à divindade o que lhe rendeu tal feito heróico a uma experiência de punição pelos guardiões dos portões celestiais por não ter sido encontrado nele mérito para aproximar-se do lugar da presença de Deus. Por muito tempo os estudos que predominavam na academia eram os de aspectos teológicos da passagem, tais como o espinho na carne , a missão apostólica , os oponentes de Paulo , entre outros. A linguagem da passagem revela pontos importantes não considerados de forma conjunta para uma interpretação coerente do texto. O uso por parte do apóstolo de expressões do círculo místico-apocalíptico judaico, tais como foi arrebatado , Terceiro Céu , ouviu palavras inefáveis e um espinho na carne precisa ser investigado para a compreensão do que Paulo tinha em mente ao utilizar tais terminologias. Outro problema é a omissão do enfoque experimental descrito na passagem. O apóstolo revela que vivenciou tal experiência recontada em 2 Cor 12,1-10. Ao relatar o desconhecimento do status do seu corpo durante a ascensão ele evidencia sinais do estado alterado de consciência, aspecto não considerado nas análises tradicionais do texto. Esses problemas que são abordados nesta tese tomam como instrumentos da análise a História da Religião e o da Neuroteologia. Modelos foram construídos tentando demonstrar uma correlação entre a atividade cerebral e a experiência mística. Há que se destacar, nesse sentido, que o surgimento da neuroteologia ou neurologia espiritual constitui-se em um avanço na área da experiência religiosa. Pontos de difícil interpretação no texto paulino foram elucidados dentro dessa perspectiva. A proposta deste trabalho, portanto, foi construir um quadro contextual em que a experiência extática de Paulo pudesse ser analisada. O estudo possibilitou inferir que a abordagem interdisciplinar permite alcançar um cenário mais apropriado para a compreensão e interpretação do referido texto.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:12:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioELS_TESE.pdf: 2107257 bytes, checksum: 90422832fba6f40563852d99959f3df2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-22 / The thesis presents interpretations of Augustine of Hippo with regard to the first three chapters of genesis, the first book of the Bible. These interpretation are found in the works Literal Commentary on Genesis, concerning Genesis Against the Manicheans, Literal Commentary on Genesis, Unfinished, Books Xi-XIII of the Confessions, as well a brief exposition in Books XI-XIV of the City of God. Exposition of these Augustinian Commentaries seeks to demonstrate various interpretations made by author in one group of texts revealing a hermeneutics centered in the interpreter and not in established interpretive rules. In sequence there is described succinctly the evolution of textual hermeneutics during the modern period up to the reflections conducted by Martin Heidegger in the first half of the twenties. Based in Heidegger s existential commentaries on the Pauline Epistles (Galatians and I-II Thessalonians) and on the tenth Book of the Confessions, there is shown a return to a interpreter-based hermeneutics, such as practiced by Augustine. The concern manifested by Heidegger with regard to given bases foundations, existent in Dasein, foundations which can influence self-comprehension, constitute themselves in possibilities of explication as much for Augustinian interpretive variations, as for the existential approach applied by Heidegger to the Pauline epistles and Augustine s text / A tese apresenta as interpreta??es de Agostinho de Hipona acerca dos tr?s primeiros cap?tulos do G?nesis, o primeiro livro da B?blia. Estas interpreta??es se encontram nas obras Coment?rio Literal ao G?nesis, Sobre o G?nesis Contra os Maniqueus, Coment?rio Literal ao G?nesis- Inacabado e As Confiss?es - livros XI-XIII al?m da breve exposi??o contida na obra Cidade de Deus, livros XI-XIV. A exposi??o destes coment?rios agostinianos visa demonstrar as variadas interpreta??es realizadas pelo autor a um mesmo conjunto de textos, revelando uma hermen?utica centrada no hermeneuta e n?o em regras interpretativas estabelecidas. Em seguida descreve-se, de forma sucinta, a evolu??o da hermen?utica textual durante o per?odo moderno at? as reflex?es realizadas por Martin Heidegger na primeira metade dos anos vinte do s?culo passado. A partir dos coment?rios existenciais feitos por Heidegger ?s ep?stolas de Paulo de Tarso (G?latas e I e II Tessalonicenses) e ao livro X das Confiss?es, manifesta-se um retorno a uma hermen?utica baseada no int?rprete, tal qual praticada por Agostinho. As preocupa??es manifestadas por Heidegger acerca dos fundamentos pr?vios existentes no Dasein e que poderiam influenciar sua autocompreens?o, se constituem em possibilidades de explica??o tanto para as varia??es interpretativas agostinianas como para a abordagem existencial praticada por Heidegger ?s ep?stolas paulinas e ao texto agostiniano

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-25T17:30:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carlosqueiroz.pdf: 1238870 bytes, checksum: 888ebc8b1c62740ed95ecc7a8eed5663 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T19:38:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carlosqueiroz.pdf: 1238870 bytes, checksum: 888ebc8b1c62740ed95ecc7a8eed5663 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T19:38:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carlosqueiroz.pdf: 1238870 bytes, checksum: 888ebc8b1c62740ed95ecc7a8eed5663 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-21 / A presente pesquisa procura resgatar os aspectos biográficos, culturais e intelectuais de Paulo de Tarso, o Apóstolo dos Gentios, sua origem na diáspora judaica, sua formação em Jerusalém, o evento de Damasco, sua hierofania e a investidura carismática de sua mensagem da ressurreição, ancorada nas aparições de Cristo e testemunho apostólico, como ele narra sobre sua fé e conversão em sua relação com o cristianismo e como ele elabora a demonstração da ressurreição de Cristo dentre os mortos, que compreende a essência do seu kêrigma sobre a vida após a morte em 1 Coríntios 15. Delineiam-se também questões teológicas sobre a antropologia paulina e esperança escatológica que contribuem para a compreensão do diálogo teológico de Paulo com os destinatários de suas cartas, além das influências helênicas e judaicas, que permitem mostrar como Paulo percebe, simbolicamente, algo da vida após a morte, e como ele explica isto, por símbolos, aos coríntios, através do contraste entre o corpo mortal e as analogias da semente, da carne e dos corpos celestiais para compreender-se a morte e a ressurreição. É um resumo da economia da salvação, contrapondo Adão (morte) e Cristo (vida nova), e questões anexas a esta metáfora. / The present research tries to rescue the biographical, cultural and intellectual aspects of Paul of Tarsus, the Apostle of the Gentiles, its origin in the Jewish dispersal, his education in Jerusalem, the Damascus event, his hierophany and investiture charismatic of his message of resurrection, anchored in the apparitions of Christ and Apostolic testimony, as he tells about his faith and conversion into its relationship with Christianity and as he draws up the demonstration of Christ's resurrection from the dead, which comprises the essence of your kerygma about life after death in 1 Corinthians 15. Delineate also theological questions about anthropology of Paul and eschatological hope that contribute to the understanding of Paul's theological dialogue with the recipients of his letters, in addition to the Greek and Jewish influences, that allow you to show how Paul realizes, symbolically, something of life after death, and as he explains it, by symbols, the Corinthians, through the contrast between the mortal body and analogies from seed, of the flesh and of the heavenly bodies to understand death and resurrection. Is a summary of the economy of salvation, opposing Adam (death) and Christ (new life), and issues attached to this metaphor.