Pagrindinėje mokykloje tiesinių nelygybių sprendimo mokoma aštuntoje klasėje. Tačiau nėra pakankamai vaizdžių priemonių, kurios padėtų mokiniams geriau įsisavinti ir suvokti nelygybių sprendimą. Jas dažniausiai mokoma aiškinant nelygybių sprendimo algoritmą. Mokiniai dažniausiai daro klaidas pritaikydami nelygybių savybes dauginant ar dalijant nelygybės abi puses iš neigiamo skaičiaus. Taip pat sunkiai sekasi pavaizduoti nelygybės sprendinius skaičių tiesėje ar užrašyti intervalu, nes intervalai iki begalybės nėra realiai matomi. Didžiausia problema – tekstinių (probleminių) uždavinių sprendimas. Mokiniai, mokėdami spręsti tiesines nelygybes, nesugeba žinių pritaikyti praktikoje. Dažnai daromos klaidos sudarant nelygybes bei užrašant sprendinius. Labai dažnai pamirštama, kad sprendžiama nelygybė yra tik būdas surasti tekstinio uždavinio sprendiniams. Šios problemos sprendimas – interaktyvių priemonių kūrimas ir panaudojimas ugdymo procese. Integruotos matematikos ir informacinių technologijų pamokos mokiniams ���domios, skatina loginį mąstymą bei motyvaciją. Todėl atsižvelgiant į mokinių daromų klaidų analizę bei ieškant efektyvaus sprendimo būdo, sukurta interaktyvi mokymo priemonė, kuri padės mokiniams aiškiai suprasti tiesinių nelygybių sprendimo algoritmą. / Solutions for linear inequalities are taught in the eight form in basic school. But there are still lack of examples that would greatly contribute to pupils’ knowledge concerning solving tasks of linear inequalities. Usually they are being taught by explaining algorithm of solution of inequalities. The most common mistakes pupils face proceed by multiplicating or divisioning both sides of inequality with the negative count. Also they face with difficulties expressing inequalities solutions in the linear counts or noting that according interval rules, because intervals are without end and the rest of counts can not be seen by them. One of the biggest problem – text’s (problemic) tasks solutions. Even having ability to solve tasks of linear inequalities they are not able to adopt it practically. There are often maddening such mistakes in composing inequalities and writing the solutions. Also they often forget that method of inequality is appointed just to find solution for the text’s tasks. Solution for this problem – creation of interactive measures and applying them in the process of education. Integrated lessons of mathematics and IT are very interesting for the pupils, prompt logical thinking and promote their motivation. Regarding to this problem I created an interactive methodical material, that would greatly contribute to pupils’ abilities to understand tasks connected to solving of linear inequalities and its algorithm solutions.

Bakalauro darbe nagrinėjamas trupmeninių tiesinių uždavinių sprendimas MS Office Excel Solver ir AMPL pagalba. Aprašomas taikomųjų projektų, skirtų trupmeniniams tiesiniams programavimo uždaviniams spręsti, kūrimas. Pateikti sprendimo rezultatai bei atliktas projektų palyginimas. Aptartos iškilusios problemos ir nurodyta, kaip jas išspręsti. / In this Bachelor work the derivation of fractional linear tasks are being researched and analyzed via MS Office Excel Solver and AMPL. Described in the application projects for fractional linear programming problem solution development. Provide the results and the comparison of the schemes was care out. Problems which appeared in this work were discussed as well as the solutions provided.

Online tasks that involve information gathering, those ranging from academic research to vacation planning, often present challenges to users such as information management, clutter and information overload. Studies have shown that users who return to online tasks after an absence have difficulty remembering why particular websites they had saved were useful. This work presents "Webscraps", an innovative web browser extension for Mozilla Firefox, designed to improve information gathering on the Web. Participants in a 30-person user study, significantly preferred Webscraps over webpage "thumbnails" for information gathering tasks that involved comparing information from different websites and remembering important text. / Dr. Keselj was the external to my supervision.

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Increasingly, workplace information seeking takes place in digital information environments and is reliant upon search systems. Existing systems are designed to retrieve information that is relevant to the query, but are not capable of identifying information that is well-suited to the context and situation of a search. This is a problem for professionals who often are searching for a small amount of useful information that can be applied to a problem or task, and have limited time to browse through large sets of results. This inability of search systems to discriminate between relevant and useful documents is one of the core problems in information retrieval. In this dissertation, I address this problem by studying the role that contextual factors play in determining how a group of professionals searches for and selects information. The central question concerns the nature of the relationships between these contextual factors, specifically between the genres in the document collection and the tasks of the searcher, with an aim to exploit such relationships to improve workplace information retrieval. Research was conducted through multiple studies in three phases, moving from an exploratory study of workplace information behaviour to a controlled experimental user study. Findings confirm that workplace context shapes search behaviour. This relationship is modeled as a set of key contextual factors and sets of context-dependent access constraints, preferred document characteristics, and search strategies. Among the contextual factors identified, work tasks and information tasks were found to be significantly associated with document genres. This task-genre relationship was modeled as a matrix of associations between domain-specific task and genre taxonomies and successfully implemented as a filtering component in a workplace search system. This is the first major study of the relationship between task and genre in information seeking and of its application to information retrieval systems.

Current trends in industry are leaning towards specialized production systems and sedentary computer work tasks that are associated with low and less varying mechanical exposures. It has been suggested that physical variation is an effective intervention to reduce local fatigue and potentially musculoskeletal disorders. However, little is known in how the differences between physical variation patterns affect physiological and psychophysical responses. The general purpose of this thesis was to explore the biophysical effects of varying force amplitudes using forces, cycle times, and duty cycles that are relevant to occupation and longer-term health outcomes. Fifteen healthy males performed an elbow extensor sustained isometric exertion at 15% Maximum Voluntary Force (MVF), an intermittent contraction between 0% MVF and 30% MVF (On/Off), an intermittent contraction between 7.5% MVF and 22.5% MVF (MinMax), an intermittent contraction between 1% MVF and 29% MVF (1 Percent), and a sinusoidal contraction between 0% and 30% MVF (Sinusoidal). Eight commonly used measurement tools recorded biophysical responses as participants performed each condition for up to 60 minutes or until exhaustion, during 60 minutes recovery, and at 24 hours post-exercise. Measures included electromyography of the triceps muscles, mechanomyography, blood flow, heart rate, stimulated tetani and twitch responses, maximum exertions, and perceived exertion. The rate of response during exercise and comparisons between baseline, cessation, and recovery values were used to assess fatigue responses. This research shows that implementing physical variation, at the same mean amplitude, may provide reduced fatigue rate and that the magnitude and shape of the intermittent force variations affect exercise and recovery measures. Time varying forces may therefore provide the necessary mechanism to encourage beneficial physiological responses that would improve long-term health and well being of workers at low-load jobs.

Doctor of Health Sciences / A common and clinically important complication of late stage human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) infection is HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HAND encompasses three syndromes, HIV-associated asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), HIV-1- associated mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), and HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). It is estimated that 30-60% of all HIV-1 infected individuals will have at least mild neurocognitive impairment (MND), and 10-15% of those will develop HAD. Research conducted outside medicine has focused on identifying the type and pattern of neuropsychological impairments present in people with HAND, and to correlate impairments identified from neuropsychological testing with scores on laboratory-based tests of everyday task performance. Typically, the performance of tasks and routines in daily life occurs in naturalistic contexts, and is orchestrated around the achievement of personally meaningful, needed and/or desired performance goals. It requires that one uses cognitive strategies to attend, perceive, remember, decide, plan and act on intentions within real-world contexts. Little is known about the impact of cognitive information processing strategy application impairments on the performance of meaningful tasks and routines carried out by people with HAND in contexts where performance would naturally occur. This research addressed this gap by investigating the real-world impact of information strategy application disorder in a sample of 30 men diagnosed with HAD, the most severe form of HAND. The home contexts of those in the sample consisted of home, supported living and residential care. The criterion-referenced Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform (PRPP) System of Task Analysis was used to identify the level of task performance mastery demonstrated by men in the sample (Stage One), and the information processing strategy application errors that impacted on their performances (Stage Two). The Clinical Staging of AIDS Dementia Complex (CSADC) scale was used to identify the level of severity of HAD. A total of seventy one task performances were assessed across the sample in a variety of naturalistic contexts. None of the men in the sample demonstrated mastery of task performance. The mean Mastery score was 30.07%. The predominant type of error made by men as they performed daily life tasks was Timing; they spent too much time completing tasks. This was followed by errors of Accuracy; they made mistakes in what they did. Descriptive analysis of the PRPP Stage Two scores revealed that these men had difficulties across all domains of information processing strategy application but most notably with Plan Quadrant (Mean 30.75%) and Perceive Quadrant (Mean 53.49%) strategy application behaviours. Rasch calibration of the ordinal PRPP Stage Two strategy application scores produced an interval-level linear hierarchy of information processing strategy application difficulties experienced by the group. Men in the sample demonstrated problems sequencing complex tasks, choosing plans and actions, analysing problems encountered, and monitoring sensory changes during performances. Problems were also identified in their abilities to contextualise their performances to fit within time constraints (Contextualises to Duration), and enact plans in a fluid manner (Flows). Differences in performances between men with mild dementia versus those with moderate/severe dementia identified using a 2 x 4 repeated measures ANOVA carried out on the Rasch-calibrated PRPP Stage Two scores revealed similarities in performance across Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform Quadrants but those with mild dementia performed better overall. Further analyses revealed specific differences in performance between those with mild versus those with moderate/severe dementia. Most striking about the findings was that men at both ends of the dementia spectrum had relatively good Recall Quadrant strategy application capacities (Mean 75.30%). Even those with the lowest total PRPP Stage Two scores, could recognize and use objects, and recall the procedures of known tasks. A statistically significant predictive correlation was found between Plan Quadrant disorders and severity of dementia. This pilot study demonstrated the utility of the PRPP System, a criterion-referenced, occupation-embedded, ecological method of identifying task performance skill and information processing strategy application disorders impacting on performance, for use with people living with HIV/AIDS who have HAD. Identifying the specific impact of information processing strategy application disorders on real-world task performance provides occupational therapists with information necessary to more specifically tailor therapy to the individual performance and participation needs of people with HIV-1-associated dementia.

Traditionally, people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are advised to avoid performing dual-tasks while walking. Rehabilitation programs also emphasise the need to train walking under single-task conditions to improve gait and reduce risk for falls. There are findings that people with PD can walk faster and with longer strides while performing a secondary motor or cognitive task, when cued by a metronome or visual floor stripes. There are also findings that people with PD can walk faster and with longer strides while performing a secondary motor task simply by prioritising their attention to take big steps. Using attention is a convenient strategy favoured by people with PD to manage their gait difficulties. / This thesis examined the immediate and training effects of two attention-priority strategies on dual-cognitive task walking in people with mild to moderate PD. Two groups of participants received 30 minutes of training to prioritise attention to take big steps while performing serial three subtractions (gait-priority strategy) or to divide their attention between taking big steps and the cognitive task (equal-priority strategy). Control groups received no training. Measures of gait hypo-bradykinesia (stride length and gait velocity), stride variability (Coefficient of variation [CV] of stride length and CV of stride time) and cognitive task performance (accurate enumeration rate) were assessed at baseline, during training, immediately after training and 30 minutes after training. Both attention-priority strategies improved stride length and gait velocity during training. The improvement was retained for at least 30 minutes after training. Both strategies have no effect on CVs of stride length, stride time and accurate enumeration rate. / Many daily routines require our ability to overcome single-, dual- and multi-task demands while walking. Rehabilitation strategies should encompass real life demands in order to minimise functional impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions, as recommended by the World Health Organisation. Putting together the findings of this thesis and the evidence provided by previous studies, it is concluded that traditional recommendations need qualification. Avoiding dual-tasks during walking or gait retraining in people with mild to moderate PD may not be necessary. Gait-priority and equal-priority strategies can be used as compensatory strategies to improve gait during dual-tasks. The two strategies can also be used in training programs for walking rehabilitation.

This study aimed to understand how parents’ experience of titration contributes to the adaptive tasks and coping skills associated with their child’s Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnoses. The primary research question asks: How does participation in the stimulant titration and Shared Decision-Making (SDM) process help parents create adaptive tasks and coping skills? The participants included 4 parents who have undergone the titration and SDM process as a part of treatment that addresses their child’s ADHD diagnosis. Analysis was conducted via an adapted grounded theory approach and resulted in 11 themes related to the core emergent theme of titration. Themes that were representative of the titration experience were related to the participant’s source of stress, cognitive appraisal of the ADHD diagnosis, adaptive tasks, coping skills, outcomes, and suggested improvements. The results have important implications for improving the titration process. The results also emphasize how titration has promoted adaptive tasks and coping skills which assisted participants to feel more in control and create a new sense of normalcy regarding their child’s ADHD diagnosis.