CONTROL SYSTEMS IN FINANCIAL LAW RESUME JUDr. et Mgr. Lenka Veselá The proposed thesis deals with control systems, focusing on financial law. The theme of this work was chosen with regard to the current situation in society, taking into account the global economic crisis. Monitoring is an inseparable part of every well -functioning state therefore it is important to keep eye on this very rigorously and also address a further specifies control. Control is dynamically evolving topic that is still actual and cannot be found any area of human life, where it is not needed. As applied in a wide range of areas for this work was chosen just a part of law closer focusing on the area of financial law. Financial control, as presented in this work, is a broad definition of procedures for the control authorities in the individual sub-sectors of financial law. It can be defined as financial control in public administration, as well as a tax inspection, customs control, foreign exchange control in management. Financial control is also applied in the field of monetary law, fee law, banking law, etc. We could trace a system of financial control in all the various sub- sectors of the financial law. For this reason was chosen the view of the issue as to the control systems in financial law. The system is the set of all...

Основной целью магистерской диссертации является совершенствование контрольной работы налоговых органов и разработка практических рекомендаций по повышению качества налогового контроля в Свердловской области на основе проведенного анализа и выявленных проблем. Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения и списка использованных источников. В первой главе рассмотрены теоретические и нормативно-правовые основы контрольной деятельности налоговых органов в Российской Федерации. Во второй главе проведён анализ контрольной деятельности налоговых органов на примере Свердловской области. В третьей главе сформулированы рекомендации по совершенствованию контрольной деятельности налоговых органов на примере Свердловской области. / The main purpose of the master's thesis is to improve the control work of tax authorities and develop practical recommendations for improving the quality of tax control in the Sverdlovsk region based on the analysis and identified problems. The final qualifying work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of sources used. The first chapter discusses the theoretical and regulatory foundations of the control activities of tax authorities in the Russian Federation. The second chapter analyzes the control activities of tax authorities on the example of the Sverdlovsk region. In the third chapter, recommendations are formulated to improve the control activities of tax authorities on the example of the Sverdlovsk region.

Final qualifying work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of tax control over the taxation of income of individual entrepreneurs. The subject of the study are the economic relations that develop in the tax authorities in the process of organizing control over the taxation of income of individual entrepreneurs. The main purpose of the master's thesis is to study the theoretical aspects of tax control, analysis of the control work of the IFNS of Russia in the Upper Iset district of Yekaterinburg for the taxation of income of individual entrepreneurs and on this basis to identify problems and consider measures aimed at improving the efficiency of tax control of the inspection. / Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию теоретических и практических аспектов налогового контроля за налогообложением доходов индивидуальных предпринимателей. Предметом исследования выступают экономические отношения, складывающиеся у налоговых органов в процессе организации контроля за налогообложением доходов индивидуальных предпринимателей. Основной целью магистерской диссертации является изучение теоретических аспектов налогового контроля, анализ контрольной работы ИФНС России по Верх-Исетскому району г. Екатеринбурга за налогообложением доходов индивидуальных предпринимателей и на этой основе выявление проблем и рассмотрение мероприятий, направленных на повышение эффективности налогового контроля рассматриваемой инспекции.

Uppsatsen avser att undersöka hur Skatteverkets kontroller av företagare går till praktiskt. Utifrån detta ska uppsatsen utreda vilka problem som finns i det praktiska arbetet som Skatteverket gör i de olika kontrollformerna. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod vilken valts för att få en djupare förståelse för studieämnet. Det empiriska materialet till studien har samlats in med hjälp av intervjuer med sammanlagt fem handläggare på Skatteverket. Material till den teoretiska referensramen har inhämtats från relevant litteratur och sökningar i databaser. Studien har kommit fram till att det finns problem i det praktiska arbetet med skattekontroll, som exempelvis svårighet att få in bokföring och att få svar på förfrågningar. De problem som framkommit i studien har en koppling till Skatteverkets bemötande av företagen samt företagarens beteende. Sambandet mellan bemötande och beteende har i studien analyserats med hjälp av en modell. / The paper aims to investigate how the Tax Agency inspect business owners. Based on this, the essay will examine the problems involved in the practical work with various forms of control. The study is based on a qualitative approach which was chosen in order to gain a deeper understanding of the study subject. The empirical data for the study were collected through interviews with a total of five officers at the Tax Agency. Material for the theoretical framework has been obtained through database  searches and literature. The study has concluded that there are problems in the practical work of the tax Agency, such as the difficulty to get accounts, and to obtain answers to queries. The problems identified in the study are connected to how the Tax Agency treat companies and also to corporate behavior. The relationship between attitude and behavior in the study were analyzed using amodel.

Hoy en día, el desarrollo tecnológico, permite tener más actividades de servicios realizados por personas naturales, las cuales son gravables con el Impuesto a la Renta e Impuesto General a las Ventas y por ende se requerirá un mayor control por parte de la Administración Tributaria. En estos tiempos de millennials uno de los tantos ingresos que se generan utilizando la tecnología, provienen de los Youtubers, quienes por su falta de conocimiento de sus obligaciones tributarias y/o falta conciencia tributaria, incide en que incumplan con el pago de sus impuestos. Dichas omisiones ocasionan una pérdida de importantes ingresos fiscales al Estado Peruano, asimismo, podrían originar pérdidas económicas a los potenciales contribuyentes, Youtubers, por el pago de intereses y multas, en caso de que afronten una fiscalización por parte de la Autoridad Tributaria. Los Youtubers, producto de los ingresos que perciben, es posible que adquieran bienes muebles e inmuebles inscritos en los Registros Públicos; tengan importantes cantidades de dinero depositados en sus cuentas bancarias, las cuales se conocerán a mediante el Impuesto a las Transacciones Financieras (ITF); dicha información reflejará un incremento patrimonial personal, el cual se calificaría como injustificado, en el caso que, estos “contribuyentes” incumplan con el pago de sus obligaciones tributarias. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación del Incremento Patrimonial No Justificado y la Fiscalización Tributaria a los Youtubers peruanos con más de 100,000 suscriptores, Lima 2018. La metodología empleada fue mediante un enfoque mixto, de alcance descriptivo, relacional y explicativo, con un diseño no experimental, La muestra estuvo conformada para la parte cualitativa de 1 youtuber y 3 expertos y para la cuantitativa de 23 profesionales entre contadores, tributaristas y auditores, para lo cual se emplearon los instrumentos Entrevistas semiestructurada y los cuestionarios con alternativas dicotómicas. Los resultados de la contrastación de hipótesis al tener un nivel de significancia 0,000 menor a 0,05, se acepta la Hipótesis Alternativa, mediante la cual, el Incremento Patrimonial No Justificado se relaciona con la Fiscalización Tributaria. / At present, technological development allows for a more demanding demand and greater control over tax control. Thus, one of the problems that most afflicts individuals and businesses is the payment of taxes, which can have a significant economic and financial impact on the company, in this sense the current tax scenario is unstable, due to the rapid and constant changes that are introduced in the Tax Rules and in the criteria applied by the Superintendence of Tax Administration - SUNAT, the Tax Court and other bodies related to the matter; Consequently, the taxpayers subject to these taxes in which we find the Youtubers are obliged to obtain a greater amount of resources and tools that will allow them to face this situation. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of the unjustified capital increase and the tax control of Peruvian Youtubers with more than 100,000 subscribers, Lima 2018. The methodology used was through a mixed approach, descriptive, relational and explanatory, with a Non-experimental design. The sample was made up for the qualitative part one youtuber and of 3 experts and for the quantitative of 23 professionals among accountants, taxpayers and auditors, for which the semi-structured Interview instruments and the questionnaires with dichotomous alternatives were used. The results of the hypothesis test when having a level of significance of less than 0.05, the Alternative Hypothesis is accepted, whereby the unjustified capital increase is related to the tax control. / Tesis

Le but de ma thèse est d'améliorer les conditions de lutte contre la manipulation des prix de transfert en instaurant des dispositifs légaux qui tiennent comptes de la réalité économique des entreprises d'un même groupe. Le commerce intragroupe représente 60% du commerce mondial, il est donc essentiel d'obliger les groupes multinationaux ainsi que les différentes administrations notamment européennes à un dialogue constructif en vue de sécuriser les finances publiques de chaque Etat mais également la fiscalité des ces sociétés en leurs évitant ainsi d'éventuels rehaussement et en écartant la problématique de la double imposition. Pour ce faire notre analyse s'est portée en 1ère lieu sur la valeur des biens et services ou comment quantifier cette valeur conformément à notre conception économique libérale. Puis nous avons apporté un regard critique sur la théorie et la pratique du droit fiscal en la matière en adoptant une approche comparée entre la France et l'Italie. Le but étant d'améliorer l'existant et de créer de nouveaux moyens tel l'Accord Préalable Européen sur les Prix de Transfert qui imposeraient à nos Etats Membres d'aboutir à une entente quant au traitement fiscal à pratiquer sur les prix de transfert au sein d'un groupe situé sur le sol européen. Puis afin de renforcer l'effectivité des rectifications fiscales des groupes multinationaux nous proposons la mise en place de l'Agence Européenne de la Vérification Fiscale (AEVF) qui jouirait d'une certaine autonomie et dont la fonction serait d'effectuer des vérifications sur les plus grands groupes situés en Europe et de proposer une rectification commune solutionnant ainsi le problème de la double imposition. / The aim of my thesis is to improve the fight against manipulation of transfer pricing by introducing legal mechanisms that take account of the economic reality of the same group of companies . Intra-company trade accounts for 60 % of world trade , it is essential to require multinational groups as well as various European governments in particular to a constructive dialogue in order to secure public finances of each State, but also the taxation of these companies in their thus avoiding potential enhancement and spreading the problem of double taxation. To do our analysis is carried in the first place on the value of goods and services or how to quantify this value in accordance with our liberal economic theory . Then we took a look at ciritique the theory and practice of tax law in this area by adopting a comparative approach between France and Italy . The goal is to improve existing and create new ways such as the European Agreement Preventive Accord on tranfer pricing which impose our Member States to reach an agreement on the tax treatment practice on transfer pricing within a group on European territory. And to enhance the effectiveness of tax correction multinational groups we propose the establishment of the European Agency for Tax Audit (EATA) who would enjoy a certain autonomy and whose function is to conduct audits on larger groups located in Europe and propose a common rectification and solving the problem of double taxation.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the tax control which can be classified to the financial law sector. The aim of the thesis is a basic description and introduction to the tax control. During writing my diploma thesis I used legal regulation from several legal branches to clarify the tax control and I considered them in the (mutual) context related to the topic of the tax control. For the comprehensive solution of the tax control issue it was also necessary to apply related judicial decisions and literature. I described the findings concerning the tax control in the diploma thesis by using the description and subsequently I deduced certain conclusions by using the deduction method. I also dealt with ambiguous issues of the tax control which I tried to clarify and take legal opinion on them and imply possible de lege ferendae changes. The diploma thesis consists of the introduction where the subject and the aim of the diploma thesis are introduced. The subject of the following chapters is the general part of the tax control, particular stages of the tax control, consequences of the tax control and means of rights protection. The last part of the diploma thesis devotes to the conclusion, including a summary of the diploma thesis and proposed de lege ferendae changes. The above mentioned diploma...

The diploma paper was focused on analysis of the tools -- it means documentation of transfer pricing and advance pricing arrangement leading to the higher tax bond of tax subject, for example: in the case of tax control. The main benefit of this diploma paper consists of analysis of primary data. These data were obtained from the questionnaire as well as from the interviews oriented mainly on tax control which I had led with 2 multinational companies. The questionnaire, which I had done by myself, was sent to 46 multinational companies which their business platforms are located also in the Czech Rep. The most valuable written sources from which some data for my diploma paper were taken is the real documentation of transfer pricing done for the request of advance pricing arrangement as well as the decision of tax administrator in the same case according to the § 38nc Law N. 586/1992 Sb., about income tax. Just the character of the data guarantees the practical application of this diploma paper. I hope according to my diploma paper to be successful in notice of absence in the basic instruments of transfer pricing from point of the multinational companies view which could lead to the adjustment by competent authorities. This adjustment could consequently improve the cooperation between tax subjects and tax authorities.

Na tese, é proposta a construção do Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor (SAT), um modelo tecnológico de automação e controle de processos em cidades inteligentes, alicerçado em propriedades voltadas a uma aplicação transversal em setores que demandam, de um lado, geração de dados em campo com estabelecimento de regras e garantia de autenticidade e confidencialidade; de outro, transmissão segura a um ou mais controles centrais. Como exemplo de aplicação, o modelo é avaliado pela execução de protótipo no setor tributário do varejo do Estado de São Paulo, que ainda exige soluções mais eficazes apesar dos avanços conquistados com a transição para processos automatizados. O protótipo, composto de um equipamento, um software embarcado e uma solução de retaguarda, denomina-se, no caso específico, Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor de Cupons Fiscais Eletrônicos (SAT-CF-e). O principal objetivo do trabalho consiste, pois, em oferecer um modelo tecnológico que dê resposta efetiva às necessidades das administrações tributárias estaduais, mais especificamente às operações de emissão, validação e transmissão dos dados de vendas mercantis no varejo. Desenvolvido a partir da análise do ambiente atual da Nota Fiscal Paulista e de outros projetos de documentos eletrônicos introduzidos no Brasil, e tendo em vista uma mudança de paradigma na geração de documentos fiscais, o Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor de Cupons Fiscais Eletrônicos está pautado no uso de tecnologias que atendem aos requisitos exigidos pelo negócio, segundo os quais o documento somente existe na forma eletrônica e é válido quando armazenado nas bases de dados gerenciadas pelo Fisco. A implantação do Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor de Cupons Fiscais Eletrônicos, cujo pioneirismo cabe à Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de São Paulo, já encontra âmbito nacional a partir da criação de um novo documento fiscal, o Cupom Fiscal Eletrônico SAT (CF-e-SAT), modelo 59, instituído oficialmente pelo Conselho Nacional de Política Fazendária no Ajuste SINIEF 11/2010, que autoriza Unidades da Federação a utilizá-lo em suas operações de ICMS. Os resultados da implementação do modelo tecnológico de automação e controle do processo tributário no varejo do Estado de São Paulo foram positivos e atestaram que a solução representa contribuição original ao estado da arte por reunir qualidades inovadoras permite rápida integração entre o Fisco e o estabelecimento comercial, racionalização e modernização da administração tributária, compartilhamento de informações, redução de custos e entraves burocráticos, automação das obrigações tributárias e facilitação e fortalecimento do controle do processo tributário. Por isso e sem dúvida, a solução assinala uma era mais inteligente no controle das operações comerciais do varejo no Brasil, com benefícios para a administração pública e para a população. / In this thesis, the construction of Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor (Authenticator and Transmitter System) is proposed, being a technological model for automation and process control in smart cities, with a view to transversal application in sectors that demand, on the one hand, data generation on the field with the establishment of rules and a guarantee of authenticity and confidentiality; on the other, safe transmission to one or more control stations. As an example of application, the model is evaluated through the use of a prototype on the retail tax sector in the State of São Paulo, which still requires more effective solutions, despite the advances made thanks to the transition to automated processes. The prototype consists of a device, an embedded software and a backoffice solution, and is called, in this specific case, Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor de Cupons Fiscais Eletrônicos (SAT-CF-e) (Electronic Retail Tax Invoice Authenticator and Transmitter System). The main objective of this work is, therefore, to provide a technological model that effectively meets the needs of state tax administrators, especially in relation to operations requiring the emission, validation and transmission of retail market sales data. Based on the analysis of the current environment of Nota Fiscal Paulista and other electronic document projects introduced in Brazil, and taking into consideration the paradigm shift in the generation of tax documents, the SAT-CF-e has been developed for the use of technologies that meet business requirements, according to which the document exists only in electronic format and is valid only when stored in databases managed by tax authorities. The implementation of SAT-CF-e, a pioneering initiative of Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo State Tax Authority), is already established on a national basis, since the creation of a new tax document, the Cupom Fiscal Eletrônico SAT (CF-e-SAT) (Electronic Retail Tax Invoice), model 59, officially established by Conselho Nacional de Política Fazendária (National Council for Tax Policies) in Ajuste SINIEF 11/2010 authorizing States to use it in their operations regarding Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços - ICMS (Merchandise Circulation and Service Tax). The results of the implementation of a technological model for the automation and control of the retail sector tax process in the State of São Paulo have been positive and can testify that this solution is a unique state-of-the-art contribution with innovative qualities, since it ensures rapid integration between the tax authorities and commercial establishments, as well as rationalization and modernization of tax administration, information sharing, a reduction in costs and bureaucratic barriers, tax duties automation and a facilitation and strengthening in the control of the tax process. It is undoubtedly a solution that ushers in an era of smarter control of commercial retail operations in Brazil, with benefits for the public administration system and for the population as a whole.

Na tese, é proposta a construção do Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor (SAT), um modelo tecnológico de automação e controle de processos em cidades inteligentes, alicerçado em propriedades voltadas a uma aplicação transversal em setores que demandam, de um lado, geração de dados em campo com estabelecimento de regras e garantia de autenticidade e confidencialidade; de outro, transmissão segura a um ou mais controles centrais. Como exemplo de aplicação, o modelo é avaliado pela execução de protótipo no setor tributário do varejo do Estado de São Paulo, que ainda exige soluções mais eficazes apesar dos avanços conquistados com a transição para processos automatizados. O protótipo, composto de um equipamento, um software embarcado e uma solução de retaguarda, denomina-se, no caso específico, Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor de Cupons Fiscais Eletrônicos (SAT-CF-e). O principal objetivo do trabalho consiste, pois, em oferecer um modelo tecnológico que dê resposta efetiva às necessidades das administrações tributárias estaduais, mais especificamente às operações de emissão, validação e transmissão dos dados de vendas mercantis no varejo. Desenvolvido a partir da análise do ambiente atual da Nota Fiscal Paulista e de outros projetos de documentos eletrônicos introduzidos no Brasil, e tendo em vista uma mudança de paradigma na geração de documentos fiscais, o Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor de Cupons Fiscais Eletrônicos está pautado no uso de tecnologias que atendem aos requisitos exigidos pelo negócio, segundo os quais o documento somente existe na forma eletrônica e é válido quando armazenado nas bases de dados gerenciadas pelo Fisco. A implantação do Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor de Cupons Fiscais Eletrônicos, cujo pioneirismo cabe à Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de São Paulo, já encontra âmbito nacional a partir da criação de um novo documento fiscal, o Cupom Fiscal Eletrônico SAT (CF-e-SAT), modelo 59, instituído oficialmente pelo Conselho Nacional de Política Fazendária no Ajuste SINIEF 11/2010, que autoriza Unidades da Federação a utilizá-lo em suas operações de ICMS. Os resultados da implementação do modelo tecnológico de automação e controle do processo tributário no varejo do Estado de São Paulo foram positivos e atestaram que a solução representa contribuição original ao estado da arte por reunir qualidades inovadoras permite rápida integração entre o Fisco e o estabelecimento comercial, racionalização e modernização da administração tributária, compartilhamento de informações, redução de custos e entraves burocráticos, automação das obrigações tributárias e facilitação e fortalecimento do controle do processo tributário. Por isso e sem dúvida, a solução assinala uma era mais inteligente no controle das operações comerciais do varejo no Brasil, com benefícios para a administração pública e para a população. / In this thesis, the construction of Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor (Authenticator and Transmitter System) is proposed, being a technological model for automation and process control in smart cities, with a view to transversal application in sectors that demand, on the one hand, data generation on the field with the establishment of rules and a guarantee of authenticity and confidentiality; on the other, safe transmission to one or more control stations. As an example of application, the model is evaluated through the use of a prototype on the retail tax sector in the State of São Paulo, which still requires more effective solutions, despite the advances made thanks to the transition to automated processes. The prototype consists of a device, an embedded software and a backoffice solution, and is called, in this specific case, Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor de Cupons Fiscais Eletrônicos (SAT-CF-e) (Electronic Retail Tax Invoice Authenticator and Transmitter System). The main objective of this work is, therefore, to provide a technological model that effectively meets the needs of state tax administrators, especially in relation to operations requiring the emission, validation and transmission of retail market sales data. Based on the analysis of the current environment of Nota Fiscal Paulista and other electronic document projects introduced in Brazil, and taking into consideration the paradigm shift in the generation of tax documents, the SAT-CF-e has been developed for the use of technologies that meet business requirements, according to which the document exists only in electronic format and is valid only when stored in databases managed by tax authorities. The implementation of SAT-CF-e, a pioneering initiative of Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo State Tax Authority), is already established on a national basis, since the creation of a new tax document, the Cupom Fiscal Eletrônico SAT (CF-e-SAT) (Electronic Retail Tax Invoice), model 59, officially established by Conselho Nacional de Política Fazendária (National Council for Tax Policies) in Ajuste SINIEF 11/2010 authorizing States to use it in their operations regarding Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços - ICMS (Merchandise Circulation and Service Tax). The results of the implementation of a technological model for the automation and control of the retail sector tax process in the State of São Paulo have been positive and can testify that this solution is a unique state-of-the-art contribution with innovative qualities, since it ensures rapid integration between the tax authorities and commercial establishments, as well as rationalization and modernization of tax administration, information sharing, a reduction in costs and bureaucratic barriers, tax duties automation and a facilitation and strengthening in the control of the tax process. It is undoubtedly a solution that ushers in an era of smarter control of commercial retail operations in Brazil, with benefits for the public administration system and for the population as a whole.