Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Adelaide, Dental School, 2002. / "June 2002" Bibliography: leaves 118-128.

Current trends indicate that American consumers are increasingly selecting products that they believe to be environmentally friendly or "natural." In the kitchen, this trend has been expressed through greater desire for using alternative or "green" sanitizers instead of bleach or other common chemical sanitizers. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of one suggested alternative, tea tree oil, as a food contact surface sanitizer. Three foodborne bacterial pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes N3-031 serotype 1/2a, Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain E009, and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028) were applied separately onto three different food contact surfaces (high density polyethylene, glass, and Formica® laminate). Tea tree oil (TTO), borax, and vinegar (5% acetic acid) were applied individually as well as in combination for a total of seven treatment solutions. In addition, household bleach (6.15% sodium hypochlorite), sterile reverse osmosis (RO) water, and no applied treatment were used as controls. Treatments were tested using an adaptation of the Environmental Protection Agency DIS/TSS-10 test method, whereby each contaminated surface was treated with 100 µl of test solution and held for 1 min followed by submersion in neutralizing buffer and microbiological plating. Samples (0.1 ml) were plated onto TSA and incubated at 35°C for 48 h prior to colony counting. Bleach reduced microbial populations significantly with greater than 5-log reduction reported for all surfaces (Formica® laminate, glass, and HDPE), against E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium. TTO produced reductions between four and five logs for E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium and was not statistically different from the vinegar treatment (P>0.05). All combination recipes, including the borax treatment, failed to produce reductions in microbial populations at levels considered to be appropriate for food contact surface sanitizers. Surface type did not play a significant role in the effectiveness of the treatment (P>0.05). Although TTO and vinegar did reduce pathogen populations on surfaces, reductions were not sufficient enough to be considered an equally effective alternative to household bleach. / Master of Science in Life Sciences

Introdução. Os efeitos antimicrobianos dos óleos essenciais têm sido relatados na literatura científica, sobretudo referentes ao óleo essencial de Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia). Tal óleo essencial tem demonstrado propriedades antissépticas e pode representar uma alternativa de um produto natural para higienização das mãos nos estabelecimentos de assistência à saúde que por ora utilizam predominantemente produtos à base de triclosan e clorexidina. Objetivo. Avaliar a eficácia da higiene das mãos na redução da carga microbiana realizada com duas formulações de sabonetes líquidos já disponíveis no mercado, contendo: óleo essencial de Tea Tree 0,3% e sabonete com triclosan na concentração de 0,5%; comparar dois procedimentos referência, sendo um da metodologia oficial (soft soap) e o outro da versão draft (soft soap + propan-2-ol). Método. Foram utilizadas as diretrizes da metodologia do Comitê Europeu de Padronização, EN 1499, indicada para avaliar a eficácia antimicrobiana de produtos para higiene das mãos. A metodologia recomenda a contaminação artificial das mãos de 12 a 15 voluntários sadios com Escherichia coli K12, seguida pela higienização das mãos com cada produto em avaliação. Ainda segundo a metodologia, os resultados além de serem comparados entre si, são comparados com um sabão de referência (soft soap), no mesmo voluntário, dia e sob condições ambientais semelhantes. Foi realizada a contagem do número de microrganismos antes (pré-valores) e após (pós-valores) cada procedimento. O fator de redução logaritimica entre os pré e pós-valores representou a atividade antimicrobiana de cada produto testado, permitindo evidenciar a eficácia dos produtos em teste comparativamente ao produto referência (soft soap seguido ou não por propan-2-ol). Resultados. Em termos de redução logarítmica, o sabonete contendo óleo essencial de Tea Tree à 0,3% foi mais eficaz do que o sabonete contendo triclosan à 0,5% (3,89 log10 x 3,59 log10), porém, pelo teste de Wilcoxon, não houve diferença estatisticamente signficante. Em relação à eficácia antimicrobiana, nenhum dos dois sabonetes apresentou desempenho superior a nenhum dos dois procedimentos referência (soft soap ou soft soap + propan-2-ol). O procedimento de higienização das mãos de referência utilizando soft soap + propan-2-ol (proposto pela versão draft da metodologia EN 1499), demonstrou-se mais eficaz do que apenas o uso do soft soap (descrito na metodologia oficial). / Introduction. The antimicrobial effects of essential oils have been reported in scientific literature, especially about essential oil of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia). This essential oil has shown antiseptic properties and may represent a natural and alternative product for hand hygiene in health care establishments that currently use products based on triclosan and chlorhexidine. Objective. Evaluate the efficacy of hand hygiene in reducing microbial load performed with two differents formulations of liquid soaps available: Tea Tree essential oil 0.3% soap and triclosan 0.5% soap; compare two references procedure, one of the official methodology (soft soap) and one of the draft version (soft soap + propan-2-ol). Method. Was used the guidelines of the European Committee for Standardization, EN1499 methodology, indicated to evaluate the efficacy of antiseptics for hand hygiene. The methodology recommends the artificial contamination of hands from 12 to 15 healthy volunteers with Escherichia coli K12 followed by washing hands with each product under evaluation. According to the methodology, results should be compared between products and with a reference soap (\"soft soap\"), in the same subject, same day and under similar environmental conditions. Were counted the number of microorganisms before (pre-values) and after (post-values) handwashing. The logarithmic reduction factor between pre-and post-values represents the antimicrobial activity of each product under test, showing the efficacy of products under test compared to the reference product (soft soap follwed or not followed by propan-2-ol). Results. In terms of logarithmic reduction, the soap containing the tea tree essential oil 0.3% was more efficacious than the soap containing 0.5% triclosan (3,89 log10 x 3,59 log10). However, the Wilcoxon test does not detected statistically significant diference. Regarding the antimicrobial efficacy, none of the two soaps showed superior performance to either references procedure (soft soap or soft soap + propan-2-ol). The procedure for reference hand hygiene using soft soap + propan-2-ol, (proposed by the draft version of the methodology EN 1499) showed to be more efficacious than use only soft soap (described in the oficial methodology).

Introdução. Os efeitos antimicrobianos dos óleos essenciais têm sido relatados na literatura científica, sobretudo referentes ao óleo essencial de Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia). Tal óleo essencial tem demonstrado propriedades antissépticas e pode representar uma alternativa de um produto natural para higienização das mãos nos estabelecimentos de assistência à saúde que por ora utilizam predominantemente produtos à base de triclosan e clorexidina. Objetivo. Avaliar a eficácia da higiene das mãos na redução da carga microbiana realizada com duas formulações de sabonetes líquidos já disponíveis no mercado, contendo: óleo essencial de Tea Tree 0,3% e sabonete com triclosan na concentração de 0,5%; comparar dois procedimentos referência, sendo um da metodologia oficial (soft soap) e o outro da versão draft (soft soap + propan-2-ol). Método. Foram utilizadas as diretrizes da metodologia do Comitê Europeu de Padronização, EN 1499, indicada para avaliar a eficácia antimicrobiana de produtos para higiene das mãos. A metodologia recomenda a contaminação artificial das mãos de 12 a 15 voluntários sadios com Escherichia coli K12, seguida pela higienização das mãos com cada produto em avaliação. Ainda segundo a metodologia, os resultados além de serem comparados entre si, são comparados com um sabão de referência (soft soap), no mesmo voluntário, dia e sob condições ambientais semelhantes. Foi realizada a contagem do número de microrganismos antes (pré-valores) e após (pós-valores) cada procedimento. O fator de redução logaritimica entre os pré e pós-valores representou a atividade antimicrobiana de cada produto testado, permitindo evidenciar a eficácia dos produtos em teste comparativamente ao produto referência (soft soap seguido ou não por propan-2-ol). Resultados. Em termos de redução logarítmica, o sabonete contendo óleo essencial de Tea Tree à 0,3% foi mais eficaz do que o sabonete contendo triclosan à 0,5% (3,89 log10 x 3,59 log10), porém, pelo teste de Wilcoxon, não houve diferença estatisticamente signficante. Em relação à eficácia antimicrobiana, nenhum dos dois sabonetes apresentou desempenho superior a nenhum dos dois procedimentos referência (soft soap ou soft soap + propan-2-ol). O procedimento de higienização das mãos de referência utilizando soft soap + propan-2-ol (proposto pela versão draft da metodologia EN 1499), demonstrou-se mais eficaz do que apenas o uso do soft soap (descrito na metodologia oficial). / Introduction. The antimicrobial effects of essential oils have been reported in scientific literature, especially about essential oil of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia). This essential oil has shown antiseptic properties and may represent a natural and alternative product for hand hygiene in health care establishments that currently use products based on triclosan and chlorhexidine. Objective. Evaluate the efficacy of hand hygiene in reducing microbial load performed with two differents formulations of liquid soaps available: Tea Tree essential oil 0.3% soap and triclosan 0.5% soap; compare two references procedure, one of the official methodology (soft soap) and one of the draft version (soft soap + propan-2-ol). Method. Was used the guidelines of the European Committee for Standardization, EN1499 methodology, indicated to evaluate the efficacy of antiseptics for hand hygiene. The methodology recommends the artificial contamination of hands from 12 to 15 healthy volunteers with Escherichia coli K12 followed by washing hands with each product under evaluation. According to the methodology, results should be compared between products and with a reference soap (\"soft soap\"), in the same subject, same day and under similar environmental conditions. Were counted the number of microorganisms before (pre-values) and after (post-values) handwashing. The logarithmic reduction factor between pre-and post-values represents the antimicrobial activity of each product under test, showing the efficacy of products under test compared to the reference product (soft soap follwed or not followed by propan-2-ol). Results. In terms of logarithmic reduction, the soap containing the tea tree essential oil 0.3% was more efficacious than the soap containing 0.5% triclosan (3,89 log10 x 3,59 log10). However, the Wilcoxon test does not detected statistically significant diference. Regarding the antimicrobial efficacy, none of the two soaps showed superior performance to either references procedure (soft soap or soft soap + propan-2-ol). The procedure for reference hand hygiene using soft soap + propan-2-ol, (proposed by the draft version of the methodology EN 1499) showed to be more efficacious than use only soft soap (described in the oficial methodology).

This study investigates the feasibility of using TTO and Ag+ alone and in combination either as free or liposome encapsulated agents. Based on the minimum lethal concentration (MLC), the fractional lethal concentration index (FLCI) showed that treatment with unencapsulated combinations of TTO and Ag+ exerted a synergistic effect against P. aeruginosa (FLCI = 0.263) and indifferent effects against S. aureus and C. albicans (0.663 and 0.880, respectively). Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) emulsified agents in combination, showed synergistic effects against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (FLCI = 0.325 and 0.375, respectively), but C. albicans remained indifferent (FLCI = 0.733). Time kill experiments revealed that the combined agent concentrations and elimination time (to the lowest limit of detection, LOD) are as follows: C. albicans: 0.12%v/vTTO:2.5x10-4Ag+:1.5hrs, P. aeruginosa: 1%v/vTTO:3.2x10-4Ag+:15mins and S. aureus: 1.2%v/vTTO:3.2x10-4Ag+:30mins. Repeating these experiments with emulsified TTO encapsulated in liposomes (lipo-TTO:PVA30-70kDa) against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus reduced the effective amount of TTO required (compared to free TTO). However, this was not observed in C. albicans. The required effective concentration of Ag+ from liposome encapsulated Ag+ (lipo-Ag+) was shown to remain the same as free Ag+. The effective concentration and elimination time of liposomal agents in combination are as follows: C. albicans: 0.05%v/vTTO:PVA:8.9x10-5Ag:PVA:2.0hrs, P. aeruginosa: 0.25%v/vTTO:PVA:3.2x10-4Ag:PVA:30mins and S. aureus: 0.05%v/vTTO:PVA:6.0x10-4Ag:PVA:1.5hrs. These results showed the potential of using TTO and Ag+ in combination, along with liposome delivery systems to effectively lower the MLC. Scanning electron micrographs of microorganisms exposed to Ag+ showed a reduction in cell size when compared to untreated cells. Transmission electron micrograph of C. albicans showed the cell surface damaging potential of Ag+. Furthermore, this investigation also demonstrated the feasibility of using chitosan hydrogels as an alternative delivery system for TTO and/or Ag+. The development of these controlled release systems to deliver alternative antimicrobial agents may allow sustained targeted delivery at microbiocidal concentrations.

Orientador: Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru / Banca: Denise M Spolidorio / Banca: Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade / Resumo: Medicações intracanal (MIC) são utilizadas para complementar a desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares. A associação de antimicrobianos ao hidróxido de cálcio visa aumentar sua ação. As MIC (Capítulo 1) hidróxido de cálcio (HC)/óleo de melaleuca (OM) 4,5%/polietilenoglicol 400 (PL), HC/OM 9%/PL, HC/CLX 0,4%/PL e HC/PL (Capítulo 2) HC/farnesol (FAR) 4,5%/PL, HC/FAR 9%/PL e HC/PL foram analisadas. O teste de contato direto sobre células planctônicas (Capítulos 1 e 2) foi realizado utilizando suspensões das MIC. O teste de contato direto das MIC sobre briofilme (Capítulo 2) foi realizado em blocos de dentina bovina (5mm x 5mm x 0,7mm) com biofilme de Enterococcus faecalis induzidos por 15 dias e contato com as suspensões das MIC por 6 horas. A efetividade antibacteriana (Capítulos 1 e 2) foi avaliada em canais radiculares de dentes de humanos extraídos. Canais radiculares de dentes unirradiculares padronizados em 15mm foram preparados até MTwo #40/.04 e contaminados com E. faecalis por 21 dias. As MIC foram mantidas no canal durante 7 dias. A primeira coleta (C1) foi realizada após período de contaminação, a segunda coleta (C2), imediatamente após a remoção das MIC e terceira coleta (C3), realizada 7 dias após a remoção das MIC. Foi realizada contagem de UFCmL-1. O pH foi avaliado após preenchimento de tubos de polietileno (Capítulos 1 e 2) com as pastas por 12 horas, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. A difusão de íons hidroxila por meio de dentina bovina (Capítulos 1 e 2) foi ava... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Intracanal medications (ICM) are used to complement desinfection of the root canal system. The association of antimicrobials to calcium hydroxide aims to improve its action. The ICM (Chapter 1) calcium hydroxide (CH)/tea tree oil (TTO) 4.5%/polyethylene glycol 400 (PL), CH/TTO 9%/PL, CH/chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.4%/PL e CH/PL (Chapter 2) CH/farnesol (FAR) 4.5%/PL, CH/FAR 9%/PL and HC/PL were analysed. Direct contact test against E. faecalis planktonic cells (Chapters 1 and 2) was performed by using suspension of ICM. Direct contact test on biofilm (Chapter 2) was performed on bovine dentin blocks (5mm x 5mm x 0.7mm) with E. faecalis biofilms induced by 15 days and contact with the suspensions of ICM for 6 hours. Antibacterial effectiveness was evaluated in root canals of extracted human teeth (Chapters 1 e 2). Standardized single-rooted teeth with 15mm were prepared up to #40/.04 MTwo and contaminated with E. faecalis for 21 days. As ICM were kept within the root canals for 7 days. The first sample (S1) was performed after contamination, S2 immediately after the ICM removal and S3 7 days after the ICM removal.It was performed UFCmL-1 count. pH was evaluated after filling the polyethylene tubes (Chapter 1 and 2) with the ICM for 12 hours, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The diffusion of hydroxyl ions through the bovine dentin (Chapters 1 and 2) was evaluated after filling root canals of bovine teeth after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 days. Data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA an... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T18:56:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Marcia Ebling de Souza.pdf: 2695265 bytes, checksum: a2e937aea21007fe96d911a8926690fc (MD5) Marcia Ebling de Souza.pdf.txt: 137369 bytes, checksum: 1823ab125cb3d2d640b4054a50610fcf (MD5) Marcia Ebling de Souza.pdf.jpg: 3457 bytes, checksum: 86b6a5529e61dfd18d87fbf869cbc570 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Infections caused by Candida species are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. This growing trend has been linked to resistance to antimicrobial therapy and the ability of the organism to form biofilms. Melaleuca alternifolia oil is traditionally used as an herbal antimicrobial that shows activity in biofilms formed by Candida species. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity nanoparticles and the essential oil of M. alternifolia. Oil and characterization of nanoparticles M. alternifolia. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the microdilution technique was performed. The ability to form biofilms at different glucose concentrations and measured the levels of exopolysaccharides and proteins in the biofilms was verified. The qualitative analysis of biofilms was performed by staining of Calcofluor White. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and the oil was assessed. The chromatographic profile showed that M. alternifolia oil conforms with ISO 4730 with the main constituents, 41.9% of Terpinen-4-ol, 20.1% of γ-terpinene, 9.8% of α-terpinene and 6.0% of 1.8-Cineol. Nanoparticles M. alternifolia oil had a pH of 6.3, particle diameter of 158.2 ± 2 nm, polydispersity 0.213 ± 0.017 and zeta potential of -8.69 ± 0.80 mV. The oil and nanoparticles M. alternifolia showed antimicrobial activity against most microorganisms evaluated. Microorganisms that showed an increased capacity to form biofilms were C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. membranafaciens, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata at a concentration of 1% glucose. Administration of oil or nanoparticles of M. alternifolia oil represented a significant reduction of biofilm formed by all Candida species used, as well as a reduction in protein levels and exopolysaccharide biofilms. Was possible to visualize the reduction of biofilm in the presence of nanoparticles of M. alternifolia with Calcofluor White staining. The oil and nanoparticles M. alternifolia showed cytotoxic character at all concentrations evaluated. With the increase in the concentration of fetal calf serum medium, an inhibition of the toxic effect of the nanoparticles occurs. There are probably involved in protein-corona effect on the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles / As infecções causadas por espécies de Candida são importante causa de morbi-mortalidade em pacientes imunodeprimidos. Esta tendência crescente tem sido associada a resistência a terapia antimicrobiana e a capacidade do microrganismo em formar biofilmes. O óleo de Melaleuca alternifolia é um fitoterápico tradicionalmente utilizado como antimicrobiano, que apresenta atividade em biofilmes formados por espécies de Candida. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e antibiofilme de nanopartículas e do óleo essencial de M. alternifolia. Foi realizada a caracterização do óleo e das nanopartículas de M. alternifólia A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada através da técnica de microdiluição. Foi verificada a capacidade de formação de biofilmes em diferentes concentrações de glicose e mensurados os níveis de exopolissacarídeos e proteínas nos biofilmes formados. A análise qualitativa dos biofilmes foi realizada através da coloração de Calcoflúor Branco. Foi avaliada a citotoxicidade do óleo e das nanopartículas. O perfil cromatográfico demonstrou que óleo de M. alternifolia está de acordo com a ISO 4730 com os constituintes majoritários, 41,9% de Terpinen-4-ol, 20,1% de γ-Terpineno, 9,8% de α-Terpineno e 6,0% de 1,8-Cineol. As nanopartículas de óleo de M. alternifolia apresentaram pH de 6,3, diâmetro de partícula de 158,2 ± 2 nm, índice de polidispersão de 0,213 ± 0,017 e potencial zeta de -8,69 ± 0,80 mV. O óleo e as nanopartículas de M. alternifolia apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana frente a maioria dos microrganismos avalidados. Os microrganismos que apresentaram uma maior capacidade na formação de biofilmes foram C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. membranafaciens, C. parapsilosis e C. glabrata na concentração de 1% de glicose. A administração de óleo ou as nanopartículas de óleo de M. alternifolia representou uma redução significativa do biofilme formado por todas as espécies de Candida utilizadas, bem como uma redução nos níveis de proteínas e exopolissacarídeos dos biofilmes. Foi possível visualizar a redução do biofilme na presença das nanopartículas de M. alternifolia com a coloração Calcofluor Branco. O óleo e as nanopartículas de M. alternifolia apresentaram caráter citotóxicos em todas as concentrações avaliadas. Com o aumento na concentração de soro fetal bovino do meio, ocorre uma inibição do efeito tóxico das nanopartículas. Provavelmente há o envolvimento do efeito proteína-corona na citotoxicidade das nanopartículas

Le développement de principe actif à partir de ressources naturelles pourrait être un moyen pour développer de nouvelles alternatives aux antibiotiques. L’huile essentielle d’arbre à thé est reconnue pour ses nombreuses propriétés et son activité antimicrobienne à spectre large, mais aussi pour sa toxicité et sa forte teneur en allergènes liée à sa composition en monoterpènes. Dans cette étude, nous cherchons de nouveaux principes actifs naturels issus de l’huile essentielle d’arbre à thé, qui auraient une activité antimicrobienne équivalente mais une toxicité et un pouvoir allergène réduit. Deux principes actifs ont ainsi été étudiés au cours de ce travail. Le Titroléane™, qui est une fraction de l’huile essentielle d’arbre à thé enrichi en monoterpène alcools mais avec un très faible taux de monoterpène, a montré des activités microbiologiques similaires à l’huile essentielle d’arbre à thé. La Synterpicine™ quant à elle, est uniquement composée des deux molécules majoritaires de l’huile essentielle, et présente une cytotoxicité réduite. La caractérisation de l’activité des principes actifs a été menée avec différentes méthodes d’études in vitro, pour définir leur activité inhibitrice et bactéricide, sur des bactéries planctoniques et en biofilm. Enfin, la recherche de nouvelles molécules actives au sein des principes actifs, s’est poursuivie à l’aide d’une méthode de chromatographie sur couche mince haute performance, couplée à une étude d’activité microbiologique par bioautographie. Cette étude a mis en évidence l’activité antimicrobienne de deux nouveaux principes actifs d’origine naturelle, pouvant être valorisés sur différents marchés notamment la santé humaine / The development of a natural bioactive compounds could be a mean of developing new alternatives to antibiotics. Tea tree essential oil is known for its numerous properties and its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, but also for its toxicity and its high content in allergens due to its composition in monoterpenes. In this study, we search for new natural compounds extracted from tea tree essential oil, which has equivalent antimicrobial activity but less toxicity and a reduced allergenic activity. Two bioactive compounds have been thus studied. Titroléane™ - a fraction of tea tree essential oil enriched in monoterpene alcohols but with a very low rate of monoterpenes - has shown microbiological activities similar to tea tree essential oil. As for Synterpicine™, it is only composed of the two main molecules of the essential oil, and presents a reduced cytotoxicity. The characterization of the compounds’ efficacy was carried out with different in vitro study methods, to define their inhibitory and bactericide activity, on planktonic and biofilm bacteria. Finally, the research of new active molecules within the active compounds, was pursued thanks to a high performance thin layer chromatography, paired up with a microbiological study by bioautography. This study has highlighted the antimicrobial activity of two new natural active extracts which can be valorised on different markets- especially human health

Orientador: Juliane Maria Guerreiro Taomaru / Resumo: O Mineral Trióxido Agregado (MTA) é um biomaterial reparador, suas propriedades antimicrobianas podem ser favorecidas pelo acréscimo de substancias naturais como o Óleo de Malaleuca (OME) e o Farnesol (FAR). OME e é um óleo essencial, e Farnesol, um sesquiterpeno, ambos apresentam propriedades antibacterianas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades físico químicas e antimicrobianas das associações MTA/OME 1%, MTA/OME 2%, MTA/FAR 1% e MTA/FAR 2% e compará-los com o MTA. Métodos: Os testes seguiram especificações da ISO e ADA. O tempo de presa inicial (TPI) e final (TPF) foram medidos com agulhas Gilmore. A solubilidade foi calculada pela perda de massa após 7 e 30 dias. A alteração volumétrica em micro-ct foi analisada nos períodos de 7 e 30 dias. A radiopacidade foi verificada com radiografias dos materiais e escala de alumínio. O pH foi mensurado com pHmetro digital. A atividade antibiofilme foi analisada pela redução de biomassa de biofilme de Enterococus faecalis após contato com o material, pelo Ensaio de Cristal Violeta (CV). O teste de Contato Direto Modificado (DCTM) foi avaliado após plaqueamento e contagem de Unidades Formadoras de Colônia por ml (UFCmL-1). Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA e Tukey, com 5% de significância. Este estudo foi dividido em dois capítulos: CAPÍTULO 1: Este estudo avaliou propriedades físico-químicas e antimicrobianas do MTA, MTA/OME 1% e MTA/OME 2%. Resultados: Radiopacidade e solubilidade foram semelhantes par... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a restorative biomaterial, its antimicrobial properties can be favored by natural substances increase as Tea tree oil (TTO) and Farnesol (FAR). TTO is an essential oil, and farnesol is a sesquiterpene, both have antibacterial properties. The main of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the associations: MTA/OME 1%, MTA/OME 2%, MTA/FAR 1% and MTA/FAR 2% in comparison with MTA. Methods: The tests followed ISO and ADA specifications. The initial setting time (IST) and final (FST) were measured with Gilmore needles. The solubility was calculated by weight loss after 7 and 30 days. Volumetric alteration in micro-CT was analyzed at 7 and 30 days. Radiopacity was observed with X-rays of the materials and aluminum scale. The pH was measured with a digital pH-meter. The antibiofilm activity was analyzed by reducing biomass biofilm Enterococcus faecalis after contact with materials, Crystal Violet Assay (CV) and Direct contact test Modified (DCTM) biofilm was previously induced and analysed by the counting of colony-forming units (CFUmL-1). The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test, with 5% significance. This study was divided into two chapters: Chapter 1: This study evaluated the physico-chemical and antimicrobial properties of MTA, MTA/OME 1% and MTA/OME 2%. Results: Radiopacity and solubility were similar for the three materials (p> 0.05). IST and FST was lower for MTA and higher for MTA/OME 2% (p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Cleverton Roberto de Andrade / Resumo: O óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil - TTO) é composto por aproximadamente 100 componentes, sendo que os de maior concentração são o terpinen-4-ol e gama-terpineno. Os estudos da sua capacidade citotóxica têm demonstrado efeito sobre linhagens neoplásicas malignas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade citotóxica e mutagênica do TTO e seus componentes, terpinen-4-ol e gama terpineno em culturas celulares. Duas linhagens de carcinomas espinocelulares orais e uma linhagem de ceratinócitos foram analisadas por: (1) Análise colorimétrica de Metiltetrazolium (MTT); (2) Teste do Micronúcleo. Os resultados foram expressos na forma de ensaios de susceptibilidade e grau de mutagenicidade. Posteriormente foram analisados por one-way Anova com pós-teste de Tukey. Os valores de IC50 obtidos nas análises de MTT das células expostas ao TTO foram de 0,2% para a HaCaT, 0,14% para a HSC-3 e 0,17% para a SCC-25. Para a exposição ao terpinen-4ol, os valores de IC50, foram 0,5%, 0,3% e 0,45% para as linhagens HaCaT, HSC-3 e SCC-25, respectivamente. O gama-terpineno, não demonstrou atividade citotóxica expressiva, não sendo possível calcular o IC50. O TTO não demonstrou mutagenicidade nas linhagens HaCaT e HSC-3. O terpinen-4-ol, não foi capaz de produzir mutagenicidade em nenhuma das linhagens em estudo. Conclui-se que tanto o TTO quanto o terpinen-4-ol apresentam capacidade citotóxica sobre as linhagens HaCaT, HSC-3 e SCC-25. O TTO não foi mutagênico nas linhagens... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil - TTO) consists of about 100 components, and the highest concentration are terpinen-4-ol and gammaterpinene. Studies of their cytotoxic capacity have shown effect on malignant neoplastic lineages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic capacity of TTO and main soluble components, terpinen-4-ol and gama-terpinene in cell cultures. Two lineages of oral squamous cell carcinoma and a keratinocyte cell were analyzed: (1) colorimetric analysis Metiltetrazolium (MTT); (2) Micronucleus assay. The results were expressed as susceptibility tests and degree of mutagenicity. The statistical test used in the analysis was one-way ANOVA (Tukey test). The IC50 values obtained from the MTT analysis of cells exposed to TTO were 0.2% for HaCaT, 0.14% for HSC-3, and 0.17% for SCC-25. For exposure to terpinen-4ol, IC50 values were 0.5%, 0.3% and 0.45% for HaCaT, HSC-3 and SCC-25, respectively. The gamma-terpinene didn't show significant cytotoxic activity, therefore it was impossible to calculate the IC50. The TTO was unable to produce mutagenicity in HSC-3 and HaCaT. The terpinen-4-ol was not mutagenic in any of the lineages tested. In conclusion, both the TTO and terpinen- 4-ol had cytotoxic capacity on HaCaT, HSC-3 and SCC-25. The TTO was unable to produce mutagenicity in HSC-3 and HaCaT. The terpinen-4-ol was not mutagenic in any of the lineages tested. / Mestre