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Equine-assisted psychotherapy is emerging as a new alternative therapy method. As the field is new, there is limited amount of research looking at the current theoretical foundation being utilized in the therapeutic process. This study aims to explore the field of equine-assisted psychotherapy and its current theoretical foundation. The main question guiding this study was: What are the therapeutic theories and themes guiding the current practice of equine-assisted psychotherapy? The study consisted of six in-person qualitative interviews with current practitioners of equine-assisted psychotherapy. A short Likert-type scale was also used to quantitatively gather descriptive statistics about theories currently being used by these practitioners. The results of this study yielded interesting findings about the similarities between equine-assisted psychotherapy and traditional office therapy. The use of horses in therapy creates new dynamics to be addressed in the therapeutic process. The practitioners interviewed in this study agreed on many different aspects about the application of equine-assisted psychotherapy to clients displaying characteristics of trauma, anxiety, depression, and boundary issues, but also had dissenting opinions about other aspects of the practice. The generalist model of social work practice is utilized in the questionnaire. This method of questioning found that the use of the generalist model is applicable to the field of equine-assisted psychotherapy.

A “millimeter wave” (MMW) is an electromagnetic oscillation with a wavelength between 1 and 10 mm, and a corresponding frequency of 30 to 300 GHz. In the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, this band falls above the frequencies of radio waves and microwaves, and below that of infrared radiation. Since the 1950s, frequencies in this regime have been used for short range communications and beginning in the 1970s, a form of therapy known as “millimeter wave therapy” (MWT) , or microwave resonance therapy, in some publications. This form of therapy has been widely used in the republics of the former Soviet Union (FSU). As of 1995, it is estimated that more than one thousand medical centers in the FSU have performed MWT and more than three million patients have received this method of treatment. Despite the abundant use of this form of medicine, very little is known about the mechanisms by which it works. Early accounts of use are limited to Soviet government documents, largely unavailable to the scientific public, and limited translations and oral accounts from FSU scientists and literature reviews . This anecdotal body of evidence lacks the scrutiny of peer-reviewed journal publications. In order to gain more widespread acceptance in Western medicine, the pathway through which this regime of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum affects the human body must be rigorously mapped and quantified. Despite the anecdotal nature of a large portion of the existing research on biological MMW effects, a common link is the idea of an interaction occurring at the skin level, which is transduced into a signal used at a remote location in the body. This study explores a possible mechanism for the generation of this signal. The effects of therapeutic frequency MMW on the ionic currents through two different types of ion transport channels were studied, and the results are discussed with emphasis on how they relate to possible changes in nerve signals used by the body for communication between tissues in remote locations. / Mechanical Engineering

Neste estudo foram investigadas as imagens mentais decorrentes da audição musical erudita em mulheres com dor crônica músculo-esquelética. Noventa mulheres divididas em três grupos com diagnósticos de fibromialgia, lesão por esforços repetitivos/doenças osteoarticulares relacionadas ao trabalho (LER/DORT) e afecções relacionadas à coluna vertebral foram submetidas à audição individual de três peças musicais (Ravel Música A; Wagner Música B e diversos trechos agrupados num Mix Música C). As pesquisadas foram divididas em três sub-grupos que ouviram as seqüências ABC; BCA e CAB. Os dados sócio-demográficos foram obtidos por meio de entrevista e a intensidade da dor foi avaliada pela escala numérica verbal (0-10) antes e após a audição de cada peça musical. As imagens mentais foram categorizadas simbolicamente mediante análise de desenhos realizados durante cada audição e seus respectivos relatos verbais. A intensidade da dor mais elevada foi observada no grupo de fibromialgia, que apresentou, também, menor número de desenhos. Os três grupos apresentaram redução estatisticamente significativa dos escores de intensidade da dor ao final da audição musical (p<0,001), não associada à etiologia, à utilização ou não de medicamentos, à preferência musical ou à seqüência musical ouvida. Menor redução da intensidade da dor foi observada somente para o Mix no grupo de coluna. As imagens mentais não diferiram quantitativamente, entre Ravel e Wagner, nem simbolicamente para as principais categorias observadas. Potencial evocativo musical diferenciado foi observado no que se refere às sensações de desprazer entre Ravel e Wagner, não sendo observado para as reações de prazer. O Mix apresentou resultados simbólicos e estéticos, quantitativamente inferiores em relação a Ravel e a Wagner, com predomínio de imagens descritivas. A forma e conteúdo musicais se relacionaram à produção de imagens e o efeito terapêutico observado, sugerindo, portanto, que análises estruturais, simbólicas e estéticas podem contribuir para a compreensão e utilização da música pela Enfermagem. / In this study, mental images originating from classical music listening in women with muscle skeleton chronic pain. Ninety women divided in three groups with fibromyalgia diagnosis, repetitive strain injury RSI/osteoarticular diseases related to (RSI/DORT) and diseases related to the spinal column were submitted to individual listening of three musical pieces (Ravel-Music A; Wagner - Music B, and several gathered in Mix mode - Music C). The research was divided in three subgroups that listened to the sequences ABC, BCA, and CAB. The socio-demographic data have been obtained by interview and the intensity of pain has been evaluated by the verbal numeric scale (0-10) before and after the listening of each musical piece. The mental images have been symbolically ranked by analysing the drawings during each listening and their respective verbal reports. The intensity of heavier pain has been observed in a group of fibromyalgia that showed the smallest number of drawings too. The three groups presented a statistic significant decrease of the pain intensity scores at the end of the musical listening (p<0,001) not associated to etiology, if there was the use of drugs or not, the musical preference or musical sequence listened. Lower decrease of pain intensity has been noted only for Mix in the column group. The mental images did not differ in quantity, between Ravel and Wagner, neither symbolically for the major categories observed. Evocative musical potential has been noted concerning the unpleasant sensations between Ravel and Wagner, and not observed for pleasure reactions. The Mix has shown lower results in quantity in relation to Ravel and Wagner, both symbolically and aesthetically, with predominance of descriptive images. The musical form and content related to the production of images and the observed therapeutic effect, therefore, suggests that aesthetic and symbolic structural analyses may contribute to the understanding and use of music by Nursing.

A música erudita selecionada a partir de um repertório pré-determinado foi investigada neste estudo como terapia complementar no cuidado de mulheres com fibromialgia. Quarenta mulheres foram submetidas a duas sessões musicais, observando-se o intervalo de uma semana entre elas. A dor, bem como os parâmetros fisiológicos indicativos de relaxamento: freqüência cardíaca, freqüência respiratória, eletromiografia dos músculos trapézio e frontal, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e temperatura cutânea; complementados pela percepção das pacientes sobre a experiência musical foram avaliados antes e após cada sessão musical para verificação das alterações produzidas em sua decorrência. As pesquisadas apresentaram uma preferência musical que tendeu às músicas orquestrais em relação às de câmara e solo. Dentre os sinais fisiológicos observados, a freqüência respiratória, a eletromiografia, a temperatura cutânea e a pressão arterial sistólica apresentaram alterações estatisticamente significantes nas duas sessões. A pressão arterial diastólica apresentou alterações significativas apenas na segunda sessão. A dor avaliada pela Escala Analógica Visual apresentou redução significativa pós-sessão musical para a maioria das pacientes, ratificada pelo Questionário McGill em todas as dimensões da dor que este instrumento se propõe a analisar (sensitiva-discriminativa, afetiva-motivacional, cognitiva-avaliativa). A percepção da experiência musical relatada pelas pesquisadas evidenciou o potencial desta intervenção de Enfermagem (95% referiram que gostaram muito desta proposta terapêutica), pois além do alívio da dor, diversos aspectos subjetivos emergiram, tais como alterações nos estados de ânimo, facilitação da introspecção, visualização de imagens e sensações estéticas, dentre outros, demonstrando que sua utilização e compreensão merecem ser ampliados. / The selected erudite music starting from a predetermined repertory was investigated in this study as alternative therapy in the women care with fibromyalgia. Forty women were submitted for two musical sessions, we observed the interval of one week between the sessions. The pain as well as the physiological parameteres indicative of slackness: heart rate, respiratory rate, trapezius and frontalis muscle, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and cutaneous temperature and all of this parameters were completed by patients perception about musical experience and were appraised before and after each musical session for verification of produce alterations in their results. The enquired women have presented a musical preference that reached to the orchestral songs with reference to the camara music and solo. Among observed physiological signs, the respiratory rate, the electromyographic, the cutaneous temperature and the sistolic blood pressure presented alterations statistically significative on two sessions. The diastolic blood pressure presented significative alterations in the second only. The pain valued by Visual Analogic Scale presented significative reduction after musical session for most of patients, ratified by McGill Pain Questionnaire in all pain extensions that the instrument proposes to analyse (sensitive, affective, and cognitive). The perception of musical experience related by investigated women have evidenced the powerful from this Nursing intevention (95% from those women refered that they have liked very much this therapeutic approach) besides pain relief, many subjective aspects have emerged such as alterations of mood state, facility of introspection, visualization of images and esthetics sensations, among others aspects have demonstrated that their utilization and comprehension to must be amplified.

Neste estudo foram investigadas as imagens mentais decorrentes da audição musical erudita em mulheres com dor crônica músculo-esquelética. Noventa mulheres divididas em três grupos com diagnósticos de fibromialgia, lesão por esforços repetitivos/doenças osteoarticulares relacionadas ao trabalho (LER/DORT) e afecções relacionadas à coluna vertebral foram submetidas à audição individual de três peças musicais (Ravel Música A; Wagner Música B e diversos trechos agrupados num Mix Música C). As pesquisadas foram divididas em três sub-grupos que ouviram as seqüências ABC; BCA e CAB. Os dados sócio-demográficos foram obtidos por meio de entrevista e a intensidade da dor foi avaliada pela escala numérica verbal (0-10) antes e após a audição de cada peça musical. As imagens mentais foram categorizadas simbolicamente mediante análise de desenhos realizados durante cada audição e seus respectivos relatos verbais. A intensidade da dor mais elevada foi observada no grupo de fibromialgia, que apresentou, também, menor número de desenhos. Os três grupos apresentaram redução estatisticamente significativa dos escores de intensidade da dor ao final da audição musical (p<0,001), não associada à etiologia, à utilização ou não de medicamentos, à preferência musical ou à seqüência musical ouvida. Menor redução da intensidade da dor foi observada somente para o Mix no grupo de coluna. As imagens mentais não diferiram quantitativamente, entre Ravel e Wagner, nem simbolicamente para as principais categorias observadas. Potencial evocativo musical diferenciado foi observado no que se refere às sensações de desprazer entre Ravel e Wagner, não sendo observado para as reações de prazer. O Mix apresentou resultados simbólicos e estéticos, quantitativamente inferiores em relação a Ravel e a Wagner, com predomínio de imagens descritivas. A forma e conteúdo musicais se relacionaram à produção de imagens e o efeito terapêutico observado, sugerindo, portanto, que análises estruturais, simbólicas e estéticas podem contribuir para a compreensão e utilização da música pela Enfermagem. / In this study, mental images originating from classical music listening in women with muscle skeleton chronic pain. Ninety women divided in three groups with fibromyalgia diagnosis, repetitive strain injury RSI/osteoarticular diseases related to (RSI/DORT) and diseases related to the spinal column were submitted to individual listening of three musical pieces (Ravel-Music A; Wagner - Music B, and several gathered in Mix mode - Music C). The research was divided in three subgroups that listened to the sequences ABC, BCA, and CAB. The socio-demographic data have been obtained by interview and the intensity of pain has been evaluated by the verbal numeric scale (0-10) before and after the listening of each musical piece. The mental images have been symbolically ranked by analysing the drawings during each listening and their respective verbal reports. The intensity of heavier pain has been observed in a group of fibromyalgia that showed the smallest number of drawings too. The three groups presented a statistic significant decrease of the pain intensity scores at the end of the musical listening (p<0,001) not associated to etiology, if there was the use of drugs or not, the musical preference or musical sequence listened. Lower decrease of pain intensity has been noted only for Mix in the column group. The mental images did not differ in quantity, between Ravel and Wagner, neither symbolically for the major categories observed. Evocative musical potential has been noted concerning the unpleasant sensations between Ravel and Wagner, and not observed for pleasure reactions. The Mix has shown lower results in quantity in relation to Ravel and Wagner, both symbolically and aesthetically, with predominance of descriptive images. The musical form and content related to the production of images and the observed therapeutic effect, therefore, suggests that aesthetic and symbolic structural analyses may contribute to the understanding and use of music by Nursing.

A música erudita selecionada a partir de um repertório pré-determinado foi investigada neste estudo como terapia complementar no cuidado de mulheres com fibromialgia. Quarenta mulheres foram submetidas a duas sessões musicais, observando-se o intervalo de uma semana entre elas. A dor, bem como os parâmetros fisiológicos indicativos de relaxamento: freqüência cardíaca, freqüência respiratória, eletromiografia dos músculos trapézio e frontal, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e temperatura cutânea; complementados pela percepção das pacientes sobre a experiência musical foram avaliados antes e após cada sessão musical para verificação das alterações produzidas em sua decorrência. As pesquisadas apresentaram uma preferência musical que tendeu às músicas orquestrais em relação às de câmara e solo. Dentre os sinais fisiológicos observados, a freqüência respiratória, a eletromiografia, a temperatura cutânea e a pressão arterial sistólica apresentaram alterações estatisticamente significantes nas duas sessões. A pressão arterial diastólica apresentou alterações significativas apenas na segunda sessão. A dor avaliada pela Escala Analógica Visual apresentou redução significativa pós-sessão musical para a maioria das pacientes, ratificada pelo Questionário McGill em todas as dimensões da dor que este instrumento se propõe a analisar (sensitiva-discriminativa, afetiva-motivacional, cognitiva-avaliativa). A percepção da experiência musical relatada pelas pesquisadas evidenciou o potencial desta intervenção de Enfermagem (95% referiram que gostaram muito desta proposta terapêutica), pois além do alívio da dor, diversos aspectos subjetivos emergiram, tais como alterações nos estados de ânimo, facilitação da introspecção, visualização de imagens e sensações estéticas, dentre outros, demonstrando que sua utilização e compreensão merecem ser ampliados. / The selected erudite music starting from a predetermined repertory was investigated in this study as alternative therapy in the women care with fibromyalgia. Forty women were submitted for two musical sessions, we observed the interval of one week between the sessions. The pain as well as the physiological parameteres indicative of slackness: heart rate, respiratory rate, trapezius and frontalis muscle, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and cutaneous temperature and all of this parameters were completed by patients perception about musical experience and were appraised before and after each musical session for verification of produce alterations in their results. The enquired women have presented a musical preference that reached to the orchestral songs with reference to the camara music and solo. Among observed physiological signs, the respiratory rate, the electromyographic, the cutaneous temperature and the sistolic blood pressure presented alterations statistically significative on two sessions. The diastolic blood pressure presented significative alterations in the second only. The pain valued by Visual Analogic Scale presented significative reduction after musical session for most of patients, ratified by McGill Pain Questionnaire in all pain extensions that the instrument proposes to analyse (sensitive, affective, and cognitive). The perception of musical experience related by investigated women have evidenced the powerful from this Nursing intevention (95% from those women refered that they have liked very much this therapeutic approach) besides pain relief, many subjective aspects have emerged such as alterations of mood state, facility of introspection, visualization of images and esthetics sensations, among others aspects have demonstrated that their utilization and comprehension to must be amplified.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T18:56:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Marcia Ebling de Souza.pdf: 2695265 bytes, checksum: a2e937aea21007fe96d911a8926690fc (MD5) Marcia Ebling de Souza.pdf.txt: 137369 bytes, checksum: 1823ab125cb3d2d640b4054a50610fcf (MD5) Marcia Ebling de Souza.pdf.jpg: 3457 bytes, checksum: 86b6a5529e61dfd18d87fbf869cbc570 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Infections caused by Candida species are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. This growing trend has been linked to resistance to antimicrobial therapy and the ability of the organism to form biofilms. Melaleuca alternifolia oil is traditionally used as an herbal antimicrobial that shows activity in biofilms formed by Candida species. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity nanoparticles and the essential oil of M. alternifolia. Oil and characterization of nanoparticles M. alternifolia. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the microdilution technique was performed. The ability to form biofilms at different glucose concentrations and measured the levels of exopolysaccharides and proteins in the biofilms was verified. The qualitative analysis of biofilms was performed by staining of Calcofluor White. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and the oil was assessed. The chromatographic profile showed that M. alternifolia oil conforms with ISO 4730 with the main constituents, 41.9% of Terpinen-4-ol, 20.1% of &#947;-terpinene, 9.8% of &#945;-terpinene and 6.0% of 1.8-Cineol. Nanoparticles M. alternifolia oil had a pH of 6.3, particle diameter of 158.2 ± 2 nm, polydispersity 0.213 ± 0.017 and zeta potential of -8.69 ± 0.80 mV. The oil and nanoparticles M. alternifolia showed antimicrobial activity against most microorganisms evaluated. Microorganisms that showed an increased capacity to form biofilms were C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. membranafaciens, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata at a concentration of 1% glucose. Administration of oil or nanoparticles of M. alternifolia oil represented a significant reduction of biofilm formed by all Candida species used, as well as a reduction in protein levels and exopolysaccharide biofilms. Was possible to visualize the reduction of biofilm in the presence of nanoparticles of M. alternifolia with Calcofluor White staining. The oil and nanoparticles M. alternifolia showed cytotoxic character at all concentrations evaluated. With the increase in the concentration of fetal calf serum medium, an inhibition of the toxic effect of the nanoparticles occurs. There are probably involved in protein-corona effect on the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles / As infecções causadas por espécies de Candida são importante causa de morbi-mortalidade em pacientes imunodeprimidos. Esta tendência crescente tem sido associada a resistência a terapia antimicrobiana e a capacidade do microrganismo em formar biofilmes. O óleo de Melaleuca alternifolia é um fitoterápico tradicionalmente utilizado como antimicrobiano, que apresenta atividade em biofilmes formados por espécies de Candida. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e antibiofilme de nanopartículas e do óleo essencial de M. alternifolia. Foi realizada a caracterização do óleo e das nanopartículas de M. alternifólia A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada através da técnica de microdiluição. Foi verificada a capacidade de formação de biofilmes em diferentes concentrações de glicose e mensurados os níveis de exopolissacarídeos e proteínas nos biofilmes formados. A análise qualitativa dos biofilmes foi realizada através da coloração de Calcoflúor Branco. Foi avaliada a citotoxicidade do óleo e das nanopartículas. O perfil cromatográfico demonstrou que óleo de M. alternifolia está de acordo com a ISO 4730 com os constituintes majoritários, 41,9% de Terpinen-4-ol, 20,1% de &#947;-Terpineno, 9,8% de &#945;-Terpineno e 6,0% de 1,8-Cineol. As nanopartículas de óleo de M. alternifolia apresentaram pH de 6,3, diâmetro de partícula de 158,2 ± 2 nm, índice de polidispersão de 0,213 ± 0,017 e potencial zeta de -8,69 ± 0,80 mV. O óleo e as nanopartículas de M. alternifolia apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana frente a maioria dos microrganismos avalidados. Os microrganismos que apresentaram uma maior capacidade na formação de biofilmes foram C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. membranafaciens, C. parapsilosis e C. glabrata na concentração de 1% de glicose. A administração de óleo ou as nanopartículas de óleo de M. alternifolia representou uma redução significativa do biofilme formado por todas as espécies de Candida utilizadas, bem como uma redução nos níveis de proteínas e exopolissacarídeos dos biofilmes. Foi possível visualizar a redução do biofilme na presença das nanopartículas de M. alternifolia com a coloração Calcofluor Branco. O óleo e as nanopartículas de M. alternifolia apresentaram caráter citotóxicos em todas as concentrações avaliadas. Com o aumento na concentração de soro fetal bovino do meio, ocorre uma inibição do efeito tóxico das nanopartículas. Provavelmente há o envolvimento do efeito proteína-corona na citotoxicidade das nanopartículas

Reiki is an ancient, energy healing practice. But how can Reiki be presented in a more relatable, everyday way, so more people try it to improve their wellbeing? That is the question that is behind and fuels this project. The report explores how Reiki can, and has helped people with their physical and mental wellbeing. Through research, workshops and personal experiences it attempts to formulate a positive, more grounded view of Reiki that could reach out to more people, so they consider adding it as a way to improve and enhance their health and wellbeing.

There has been little research to date specifically addressing counselors' experiences with complementary therapy. The objective of this exploratory survey was to assess counselors' professional practice, knowledge and training, and personal experience with complementary therapy. The study design was a web-based, random sample survey of American Counseling Association members. Results indicated the typical respondent was female, Caucasian, holds a Master's degree and works in a private practice/self-employed or community agency setting as an outpatient counselor. Few respondents asked about or had clients volunteer use of complementary therapy. Anxiety and depression were the most common client concerns for which respondents recommended or referred for complementary therapy. Respondents agreed that client referrals should be to licensed or certified practitioners. Respondents reported that complementary therapy provided clients with at least some positive benefits and few negative consequences. The majority of respondents included complementary therapy in counseling during the past year and thought that complementary therapy should be included in addition to counseling. Although respondents considered themselves qualified to discuss a variety of complementary therapies, few possessed licensure or certification. The majority of respondents used informal, self-study to gain knowledge of complementary therapy. Most respondents have personally experienced at least one complementary therapy, primarily "To improve overall wellness". Respondents reported they received some to large benefits from this experience. A number of respondents descriptors had moderately positive associations with client usage, recommendation and referral, inclusion, and knowledge factors. These descriptors were those respondents who worked in a private practice/self-employed setting, as an outpatient counselor, were licensed as an LPC, provided individual, family/couples, or alcohol/substance abuse counseling, and had a psychodynamic orientation. There were moderately negative associations between respondents who worked in a K-12 setting, did not possess mental health licensure and were a Master's student and client usage, recommendation and referral, and inclusion factors. The data provide support for the idea that counselors are beginning to embrace a post-modern approach, which gives consideration to complementary therapy interventions. However, the findings also suggested that the counseling profession still has a good deal of work to do before it can be considered truly holistic. / Ph. D.