The lack of terminology in Zulu can be overcome if it is developed to meet international scientific and technical demands. This lack of terminology can be traced back to the absence of proper language policy implementation with regard to the African languages. Even though Zulu possesses the basic elements that are necessary for its development, such as orthographical standards, dictionaries, grammars and published literature, a number of problems exist within the technical elaboration and standardisation processes: * Inconsistencies in the application of standard rules, in relation to both orthography and terminology. * The lack of standardisation of the (technical) word-formation patterns in Zulu. (Generally the role of culture in elaboration has largely been overlooked). * The avoidance of exploiting written technical text corpora as a resource for terminology. (Text encoding by means of corpus query tools in term extraction has just begun in Zulu and needs to be properly exemplified). * The avoidance of introducing oral technical corpora as a resource for improving the acceptability of technical terminology by, for instance, designing a type of reusable corpus annotation. This study contributes towards solving these problems by offering a practical approach within the context of the real written, standard and oral Zulu language, mainly within the medical terminological domain. This approach offers a reusable methodological foundation with proper language exemplification that can guide terminologists in terminological research, or to some extent even train them, to achieve effective technical elaboration and eventual standardisation. This thesis aims at attaining consistent standardisation on the orthographical level in order to ease the elaboration task of the terminologist. It also aims at standardising the methods of word- (term-) formation linking them to cultural factors, such as taboo. However, this thesis also emphasises the significance of using written and oral technical corpora as terminology resource. This, for instance, is made possible through the application of corpus linguistics, in semi-automatic term extraction from a written technical corpus to aid lemmatisation (listing entries) and in corpus annotation to improve the acceptability of terminology, based on the comparison of standard terms with oral terms. / Linguistics / D. Litt et Phil. (Linguistics)

This study explores the challenges faced by high school science learners when they use English language as a medium of instruction in a South African context. Questionnaires were administered and focus group interviews were conducted with both science learners and science educators. Results indicated that learners are challenged in a number of ways when English is used to teach science especially if English is not their home language. Both learners and educators prefer to be taught and teach science respectively in English though ideally learners would like to be taught in their home languages. To overcome these challenges a home language scientific register should be drawn to cater for all learners’ home language, learners should also be proficient in English or language of science instruction. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Natural Science Education)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo de Moraes Sabbag.pdf: 1264446 bytes, checksum: 8fae7a79057838894039ce31c2e1c7e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study deals with the confrontation between the Law and the news media, in light of the possible existence in the journal titled Diário de S. Paulo (ou Diário), a popular technical and legal language. It presents as research problem the view that the legal language, being refractory to socio-cultural variations, is the exclusive property of those who belong to a specific work activity the Law operators. It aims to show the reality of a dialogue between the technical domain and the popular lexicalfield, in full symbiosis aimed to bring about a vulgarization (or banality) inventory vocabulary used by experts. Thus, the study aims to demonstrate that the word restricted to specialized environment (technical language) can overcome their own barriers initiatory universe and reach the public domain, leaving the scientific level to enter the grassroots level in the wake of the journalistic information disclosed in popular periodicals. The methodology was based on data collection in the Diário, which is often associated with the category of popular newspaper, because of its wide circulation and distribution in São Paulo, especially among the public with lower income and little (or no) access to scholarly information. Starting from the premise that legal discourse is essentially selective and elitist, research in this type of journal shows that there is robust evidence to the demarcation of the existence of a popular technical and legal language in the Diário de S. Paulo / O trabalho trata do confronto entre o Direito e a mídia jornalística, à luz da possível existência, no periódico intitulado Diário de S. Paulo (ou Diário), de uma linguagem técnicojurídica popular. Apresenta como problema de pesquisa a concepção de que a linguagem jurídica, mostrando-se refratária às variações socioculturais, é propriedade exclusiva daqueles que pertencem a uma atividade laboral específica os operadores de Direito. Tem como objetivo evidenciar a real existência de um diálogo entre o domínio lexical técnico e o domínio lexical popular, em plena simbiose vocacionada a provocar uma vulgarização (ou banalização) do estoque vocabular utilizado por especialistas. Assim, o estudo visa demonstrar que o vocábulo restrito ao ambiente especializado (a linguagem técnica) pode ultrapassar as barreiras próprias do universo iniciático e alcançar o domínio público, deixando o nível científico para entrar no nível popular, na esteira da informação jornalística divulgada nos periódicos populares. A metodologia empregada se baseou no levantamento de dados no Diário, o qual costuma ser associado à categoria de jornal popular, em razão de sua grande circulação e difusão na cidade de São Paulo, sobretudo entre o público de menor renda e de pouco (ou nenhum) acesso à informação acadêmica. Partindo-se da premissa de que o discurso jurídico é essencialmente seletivo e elitista, a pesquisa nesse tipo de periódico permite concluir que há elementos robustos para a demarcação da existência de uma linguagem técnico-jurídica popular no Diário de S. Paulo

The lack of terminology in Zulu can be overcome if it is developed to meet international scientific and technical demands. This lack of terminology can be traced back to the absence of proper language policy implementation with regard to the African languages. Even though Zulu possesses the basic elements that are necessary for its development, such as orthographical standards, dictionaries, grammars and published literature, a number of problems exist within the technical elaboration and standardisation processes: * Inconsistencies in the application of standard rules, in relation to both orthography and terminology. * The lack of standardisation of the (technical) word-formation patterns in Zulu. (Generally the role of culture in elaboration has largely been overlooked). * The avoidance of exploiting written technical text corpora as a resource for terminology. (Text encoding by means of corpus query tools in term extraction has just begun in Zulu and needs to be properly exemplified). * The avoidance of introducing oral technical corpora as a resource for improving the acceptability of technical terminology by, for instance, designing a type of reusable corpus annotation. This study contributes towards solving these problems by offering a practical approach within the context of the real written, standard and oral Zulu language, mainly within the medical terminological domain. This approach offers a reusable methodological foundation with proper language exemplification that can guide terminologists in terminological research, or to some extent even train them, to achieve effective technical elaboration and eventual standardisation. This thesis aims at attaining consistent standardisation on the orthographical level in order to ease the elaboration task of the terminologist. It also aims at standardising the methods of word- (term-) formation linking them to cultural factors, such as taboo. However, this thesis also emphasises the significance of using written and oral technical corpora as terminology resource. This, for instance, is made possible through the application of corpus linguistics, in semi-automatic term extraction from a written technical corpus to aid lemmatisation (listing entries) and in corpus annotation to improve the acceptability of terminology, based on the comparison of standard terms with oral terms. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D. Litt et Phil. (Linguistics)

This study explores the challenges faced by high school science learners when they use English language as a medium of instruction in a South African context. Questionnaires were administered and focus group interviews were conducted with both science learners and science educators. Results indicated that learners are challenged in a number of ways when English is used to teach science especially if English is not their home language. Both learners and educators prefer to be taught and teach science respectively in English though ideally learners would like to be taught in their home languages. To overcome these challenges a home language scientific register should be drawn to cater for all learners’ home language, learners should also be proficient in English or language of science instruction. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Natural Science Education)