The following Master thesis is based on the technical language of recycling and plastic processing taking into consideration the relevant language and text attributes. Characteristic features are analysed on the basis of leaflets acquired at the international trade fair Fakuma focussing on this particular industry. First, the Master thesis concentrates on the definition of technical language itself presenting different points of view of this issue. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the technical language of technology, chemistry and ecology which is employed in the analysed leaflets. Of major importance for the flyers is also the element of advertising which is elaborated in the second chapter. The empirical part of the thesis concentrates on a text analysis of each of the language subsystems: textual, stylistic, lexical and morphological. To conclude with, the thesis provides table overviews and a summarizing chapter.

Combining three major facets of Alfonso's final and most personal work, this holistic study utilizes a philological approach involving codicology, hermeneutics, history of art, iconology, paleography, and philosophy. Like his Cantigas de Santa María, with its vast musical, poetic and artistic dimensions, the Book of Games is a largely unexplored multi-media treasure trove of knowledge about thirteenth-century games, art and symbolism as well as personal information about the Wise King himself. Chapter I explains the historical chess, dice, backgammon and mill games ands offers the first complete English translation of the Book. Descriptions and diagrams of all 144 games, including PowerPoint presentations of all 103 chess problems using a font specially designed to match the original manuscript exactly, are presented in an international format which brings these challenging and entertaining games to life. Chapter II surveys all 151 illuminations, exploring their cultural value and identifying portraits of Alfonso, his wife, his lover, his children, his friends and his sources. Alongside traditional medieval iconography, these may represent some of the earliest known likenesses in medieval portraiture and some of the first private, non-iconographic images of a Spanish king. Chapter III interprets the literal, allegorical, tropological and anagogical meanings of each game according to the Hermetic principle "As above, so below" as well as the numerological symbolism and didactic structure reflected in the book's Scholastic structure. Each game in the Libro de los juegos contains a clue "pora los entendudos e mayormientre pora aquellos que saben la Arte de Astronomia" (fol. 95r) for understanding the connection between astrology and human affairs. At the end of his ill-starred life Alfonso saw reflected in the microcosm of these games, the determinism inherent in the workings of the universe. By studying the patterns in these games, Alfonso hoped to discover how best to play the game of life using both his "seso," or skill, and his lucky number seven. The numerological and astrological significance of the numbers seven and twelve, present in the entire work's structure and especially the concluding games, relate the Book of Games to the Alfonsine legal, scientific and religious corpus.

The knowledge of foreign languages has always been inseparable part of education and a part of spiritual wealth of every human being. At present, it also becomes one of the conditions for employment and success of university graduates on labour market, the precondition of which is a correctly assembled curriculum of a foreign specialized language both in its cultivation and qualification part. The goal of this dissertation is to on the one hand examine significant features of our presence which have influence on cultivation component of curriculum in particular, and examining the requirements of practice which determine its qualification component. From the synthesis of conclusions of both parts, we formulate recommendations for assembling specialized foreign language curriculum for universities of economic focus on a specific case of the curriculum of specialized German at University of Economics, Prague. We define the notion curriculum in theoretical part and we deal with curriculum from synchronic and diachronic aspect. Hermeneutical approach examines its social determinants. Furthermore we deal with current problem of special methodologies, which touch upon the addressed problem: methodology of tertiary education, methodology of foreign languages, methodology of German and methodology of specialized German. In conclusion of the theoretical part, space is devoted to language policy in Czech and European context and we summarize current state of solution of our research problem. In the research part, we deal with the qualification part of curriculum by means of empirical research of University of Economics, Prague graduates focused on the analysis of current demands of labour market on the knowledge of and the comparison of these requirements with the existing curriculum of German at University of Economics, Prague. It has been verified in the research whether the level of graduates´ knowledge for practice is sufficient and gives them competitive value on the labour market, what activities they do in German, how they reflect their studies of German at University of Economics, Prague and what their suggestions to curriculum, which would better respect their educational needs, are. Conclusions of the research are compared with the existing curriculum as it is depicted in graduate´s profile, as well as syllabuses of individual subjects and textbooks which are used in tuition at present. We derive from both of the steps that the nature of changes in curriculum is legitimate. Concrete suggestions for the innovation of curriculum where we take the findings of theoretical and research part into account follow the research part.

<p>Uppsatsen belyser invandrade akademikers erfarenheter av Söderhamns kommuns Insteg till Svenskt Arbetsliv, en kurs för att underlätta inträdet på svensk arbetsmarknad samt invandrade akademikers syn på hur de kan få jobb i Sverige. Det är svårt för invandrade akademiker att få arbete som motsvarar deras utbildning.  Metoden för undersökningen har varit semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra invandrade akademiker. Resultatet visade att ISA-kursen gav information om hur man söker jobb i Sverige och hur den svenska arbetsmarknaden fungerar, kontakt med arbetsgivare samt träning i att prata svenska. Resultatet visade att det behövs kurser i svenskt fackspråk och ekonomiskt stöd för att studera svenska på hög nivå. Resultatet överensstämmer med Svenskt Näringslivs åsikt att brist på effektiva utbildningar i svenska gör att Sverige inte kan förvalta hitflyttad välutbildad arbetskraft. Resultatet visar att kommuner behöver fördela rätt kompetens till rätt kommun samt att invandrade akademiker behöver hjälp med kontakter med arbetsgivare. Processen att få ett arbete behöver gå snabbare för att invandrade akademiker inte ska tappa motivation.</p> / <p> </p><p>This thesis explains how academically educated immigrants in Söderhamn, Sweden, have experienced a course aiming to help them enter the Swedish job market. It gives these academically educated immigrants' views on how they can get a job in Sweden. It is difficult for academically educated immigrants to get work in Sweden equivalent to their education. The method used has been semi-structured interviews with four immigrants with academic educations. The result shows that the course gave information about how to apply for a job in Sweden and how the Swedish job market works, contact with Swedish employers and training in speaking Swedish. The result also shows that there is a need for technical language courses in Swedish that gives immigrants the terminology needed to be able to practice their professions in Sweden.  In addition there is a need for financial support to be able to study Swedish at high levels. This result corresponds with the view of Svenskt Näringsliv: There is a lack of effective Swedish courses in Sweden which makes it impossible to make use of highly educated people that move here. Furthermore the result shows that communities in Sweden need to have a better communication and place people with competence to the appropriate community. Finally academically educated immigrants need help in contacting Swedish employers. The process to get a job in Sweden must be quicker or they may lose their motivation to find work in Sweden.</p>

Uppsatsen belyser invandrade akademikers erfarenheter av Söderhamns kommuns Insteg till Svenskt Arbetsliv, en kurs för att underlätta inträdet på svensk arbetsmarknad samt invandrade akademikers syn på hur de kan få jobb i Sverige. Det är svårt för invandrade akademiker att få arbete som motsvarar deras utbildning.  Metoden för undersökningen har varit semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra invandrade akademiker. Resultatet visade att ISA-kursen gav information om hur man söker jobb i Sverige och hur den svenska arbetsmarknaden fungerar, kontakt med arbetsgivare samt träning i att prata svenska. Resultatet visade att det behövs kurser i svenskt fackspråk och ekonomiskt stöd för att studera svenska på hög nivå. Resultatet överensstämmer med Svenskt Näringslivs åsikt att brist på effektiva utbildningar i svenska gör att Sverige inte kan förvalta hitflyttad välutbildad arbetskraft. Resultatet visar att kommuner behöver fördela rätt kompetens till rätt kommun samt att invandrade akademiker behöver hjälp med kontakter med arbetsgivare. Processen att få ett arbete behöver gå snabbare för att invandrade akademiker inte ska tappa motivation. / This thesis explains how academically educated immigrants in Söderhamn, Sweden, have experienced a course aiming to help them enter the Swedish job market. It gives these academically educated immigrants' views on how they can get a job in Sweden. It is difficult for academically educated immigrants to get work in Sweden equivalent to their education. The method used has been semi-structured interviews with four immigrants with academic educations. The result shows that the course gave information about how to apply for a job in Sweden and how the Swedish job market works, contact with Swedish employers and training in speaking Swedish. The result also shows that there is a need for technical language courses in Swedish that gives immigrants the terminology needed to be able to practice their professions in Sweden.  In addition there is a need for financial support to be able to study Swedish at high levels. This result corresponds with the view of Svenskt Näringsliv: There is a lack of effective Swedish courses in Sweden which makes it impossible to make use of highly educated people that move here. Furthermore the result shows that communities in Sweden need to have a better communication and place people with competence to the appropriate community. Finally academically educated immigrants need help in contacting Swedish employers. The process to get a job in Sweden must be quicker or they may lose their motivation to find work in Sweden.

This essay examines the communication in English and use of English at a Swedish company with employees from all over the world. The aim is to investigate how the employees experience speaking English with their colleagues and if they believe that misunderstandings can occur owing to their language differences.  The linguistic focus of this study is towards sociolinguistics, including lingua franca, language use and communication as well as a small portion of language acquisition, considering that the majority of employees do not speak English as their native language.   The results of the study have shown that all employees at the company speak English daily, but the experiences and opinions of it vary, mostly depending on which department they work in and what kind of education they have had previous to them working at the company.

The purpose of this essay is to analyze the translation of the specific technical language of railway transport from Swedish into German. The analysis is based on a self-conducted translation of selected passages of rules and regulations issued by the Swedish government agency Trafikverket (The Swedish Transport Administration). The following questions serve as a starting point: Which factors influence the final choice of a translation equivalent when several options are available? Which translation strategies can be used to close a lexical gap in the target language? And, furthermore, how can ”false friends” be identified so that terminological errors can be avoided in the target text? The essay is divided into two parts. The first part introduces major concepts such as equivalence, denotative equivalence and false friends. The second part consists of an analysis which discusses a selection of representative examples from the translation. The first part of the analysis focuses on cases where the target language provides several translation equivalents. By analyzing the semantics and comparing the related meanings of these equivalents, it was possible to pin down the most suitable term in the target language. In most cases the final term choice was confirmed by parallel texts. The second part discusses cases where the target language lacks an equivalent technical term. In most cases the lexical gaps could be closed by loaning the source-language term and adding a short explanation in the target text. The final section is devoted to false friends. By consulting parallel texts, several false friends in the target language were identified and also removed from an earlier version of the target text.

Nowadays knowing professional language is an essential part of professional success and career growth for university graduates majoring in non-philological studies. The aim of this dissertation is to contribute to further enhancement and efficiency of foreign language teaching at university level. Based on the theoretical background and confirmation of hypotheses, the paper describes and explains why it is appropriate to include, in addition to training of basic language skills (passive: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, active: speaking and writing) an extra fifth skill: translating into the mother tongue. Undoubtedly, the translating skill helps to improve receptive and productive skills necessary for working with academic text and to facilitate better use of information sources; at the same time, this skill is desirable in corporate practice and in academia. This paper deals with methods of foreign language teaching from both diachronic and synchronous perspectives, with emphasis on the application of translation. It analyses the role of translation in teaching using a specific example; it provides analysis of professional style and some features of professional text; it justifies the importance of translation into the mother tongue; it deals with selected problems of the theory, practice and didactics of translation. The research part is based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of students' translations. It confirms the hypotheses that students have difficulty in translating into the mother tongue and in using various sources of information, and that guidance on how to proceed in translating has a positive influence on them. The research part is followed by some suggestions for specific methodologies and exercises that may be used to integrate translating into professional language teaching at university level, namely for graduates majoring in non-philological studies. The suggestions are based on the author's research results; naturally, they are focused on eliminating possible inaccuracies and mistakes, and also on developing desirable skills.

Denna uppsats undersöker vad den språkliga dimensionen består utav inom gymnasieskolansIndustritekniska program, med fokus på det svenska språket. Undersökningen har gjorts medhjälp av intervjuer där sex undervisande lärare på programmet har fått svara på frågorgällande språket och hur det relaterar till utbildningens programgemensamma ämnen ochkurser. Vilken ställning anses språket ha i utbildningen och hur används det i enverkstadsmiljö när det kommer till undervisning? Undersökningen är kopplad till teorier kringlitteracitet och hur lärarnas strategier utifrån detta ser ut när det kommer till hur språketanvänds inom yrket och sedermera det kommande yrket. Genom intervjuerna framkommerdet att språket inom det Industritekniska programmet har en viktig funktion när det kommertill både undervisning och kopplingen till det kommande yrket ser ut. I det praktiska påprogrammet återfinns krav på en språklig kompetens som grundar sig i yrkets fackspråk ochterminologi. / This thesis examines what the linguistic dimensions consists of within the upper secondaryshool’s Industrial Engineering programme, with a focus on the Swedish language. The surveywas conducted using the help of interviews where six vocational teachers within theprogramme have been asked questions regarding the language and how it relates to theprogramme-wide subjects and courses. What kind of position is the language considered tohave within the education and how is it used in a workshop eniviroment when it comes toteaching? The study is linked to theories about literacy and what teacher’s strategies based onthis look like when it comes to how the language is used in the education and the futureprofession. The interviews show that the language within the Industrial Technical programmehas an important function when it comes to both teaching and the coming connection to thefuture profession. The practicality of the programme includes requirements for a linguisticcompetence based on the professional language and terminology of the profession.

Condition Monitoring (CM) is widely used in industry to meet sustainability, safety, and equipment efficiency requirements. Intelligent Fault Diagnosis (IFD) research focuses on automating CM data analysis tasks, to detect and prevent machine faults, and provide decision support. IFD enables trained analysts to focus their efforts on advanced tasks such as fault severity estimation and preventive maintenance optimization, instead of performing routine tasks. Industry datasets are rarely labelled, and IFD models are therefore typically trained on labelled data generated in laboratory environments with artificial or accelerated fault development. In the process industry, fault characteristics are often context-dependent and difficult to predict in sufficient detail due to the heterogeneous environment of machine parts. Furthermore, fault development is non-linear and measurements are subject to varying background noise. Thus, IFD models trained on lab data are not expected to transfer well to process industry environments, and require on-site pre-training or fine-tuning to facilitate accurate and advanced fault diagnosis. While ground truth labels are absent in industrial CM datasets, analysts sometimes write annotations of faults and maintenance work orders that describe the fault characteristics and required actions. These annotations deviate from typical natural language due to the technical language used, characterised by a high frequency of technical terms and abbreviations. Recent advances in natural language processing have enabled simultaneous learning from unlabelled pairs of images and captions through Natural Language Supervision (NLS). In this thesis, opportunities to enable weakly supervised IFD using annotated but otherwise unlabelled CM data are investigated. This thesis proposes novel machine learning methods for joint representation learning for IFD directly on annotated CM data. The main contributions are: (1) the introduction and implementation of technical language supervision to merge advances in natural language processing and, including a literature survey; (2) the creation of a method to improve technical languageprocessing by substituting out-of-vocabulary technical words with natural language descriptions, and to evaluate language model performance without explicit labels or downstream tasks; (3) the creation of a method for small-data language-based fault classification using human-centricvisualisation and clustering. Preliminary results for sensor and cable fault detection show an accuracy of over 90%. These results imply a considerable increase in the value of annotated CM datasets through the implementation of IFD models directly on industry data, e.g. for improving the decision support to avoid unplanned stops. / KnowIT FAST