This study examines human capital constraints in the South African economy, and the austerity these constraints have on firms in the country. The first part of the study identifies the main human capital constraints facing South Africa, and explains how these constraints influence an economy. An inadequately educated workforce along with restrictive labour regulations makes out the central components of these constraints. The second part explores all the relevant constraints individually, and determines the cause of their existence. The final part of this study consists of a firm level analysis that describes human capital constraints experienced by firms in South Africa. Regression analysis examines the determinants of increased output per worker in manufacturing firms. These determinants also indicate the cause of growth in output per worker. Human capital aspects such as education, labour regulation, compensation and competition are all shown to have a considerable influence on output per worker. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the explanatory variables achieved similar results. For this analysis, latent variables that incorporated education, training, region and Sector Education Training Authority (SETA) support and effectiveness explained the highest percentage of the total variance. However, this study found no evidence to suggest that human capital development initiatives like training programmes and SETA support have a positive relationship with increased levels of productivity. / Thesis (M.Com. (Economics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Le projet de doctorat vise à présenter une nouvelle approche intégrée en support des opérateurs dans la gestion du processus de conception d'interventions de rénovation énergétique et architecturale du patrimoine bâti récent, grâce à l'emploie de solutions technologiques d'enveloppe innovantes. La recherche se fonde sur la collection d'un répertoire sélectionné des solutions architecturales et constructives d'enveloppe, nécessaire pour constituer une base valide sur laquelle étudier des solutions technologiques novatrices pour la réhabilitation énergétique des écoles dans l'après-guerre, en béton armé, généralement préfabriquées. Le projet identifie des processus constructifs éco-durables pour la conception des composants de façade “active”, adaptable et efficace, à assembler à sec, en conformité avec les exigences de performance requises par la réglementation actuelle. La recherche est finalisée à la gestion de l'ensemble du processus, soutenu par des systèmes de relevé géométrique, connectés aux logiciels de programmation paramétrique pour la modélisation des surfaces capables de s'adapter aux différentes morphologies du patrimoine existant. Ces outils informatisés CAO-FAO sont reliés aux machines à contrôle numérique CNC pour la fabrication des éléments de façade “sur mesure”. À démonstration de l'approche innovante proposée, deux possibles solutions d'enveloppes ont présentées, dans la ligne droit des principes de durabilité, comprise comme modularité, rapidité de mise en œuvre, réversibilité, récupération et réutilise des matériaux. En particulier, les solutions innovantes sont réunies par l'application d'une technique basée sur l'assemblage d'éléments préfabriqués, l'adoption d'un pavage hexagonal pour le dessin de la nouvelle surface d'enveloppe, et l'utilisation du même matériau isolant thermique, plastique et inorganique, recyclé, éco-durable, à faible impact environnemental (AAM - Alkali Activated Materials).Les solutions proposées, développées dans les sièges de cotutelle (Université de Bologne, Université Paris-Est) sont envisagées selon un protocole scientifique qui prévoit: conception du système constructif, analyse mécanique et thermique, expérimentation constructive, validation des techniques de mise en œuvre et des performances / The research is aimed at presenting a new integrated approach to aid operators and designers to manage the design process as a whole in refurbishment interventions of recent existing building stock, through the use of innovative technological envelope solutions. The study requires the acquisition of a selection of typological and constructive envelope solutions, as a starting point for the development of design solutions to be used for architectural renovation of schools built after the Second World War, in reinforced concrete and mostly prefabricated. The project identifies sustainable construction processes for the design of “active”, adaptive, efficient and dry assembled envelope components, in accordance with the performance requirements prescribed by current regulations. The purpose of the research is to manage the whole design process with the support of geometrical survey, connected to parametric programming software for modelling surfaces which can be adapted to the morphology of existing buildings. These computerized CAD-CAM tools are connected to CNC machines for “customized” industrialized production. To illustrate this innovative approach, two envelope solutions are proposed, according to the research paradigms and the principles of sustainability, meant as modularity, speed of setup, reversibility, recycling and reuse of materials with low environmental impact. In particular, the innovative solutions have in common the application of a technique based on the assembly of prefabricated components, the adoption of hexagonal patterns for the tessellation of the new surface of the façade, and the use of the same plastic and inorganic, recycled and sustainable, thermal insulation material (AAM-Alkali Activated Materials).The design solutions proposed are developed at the two sites involved in the joint

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The ability of organisations to be successful in the current global business environment will ultimately be dependent on their ability to be innovative. However, creativity and innovation will not take place spontaneously in any team setting and will be the result of meticulous planning and implementation efforts on the part of the team’s members. The current global business environment is characterised by constant change and this makes leadership more important than ever before as leaders are considered the drivers of change and ultimately responsible for organisational success. Leaders within organisational team settings have an essential role to fulfil in stimulating and facilitating innovative behaviour in their subordinates. The fact that some leaders manage to successfully stimulate and facilitate innovative behaviour in their subordinates, while others fail to do so, might well be contributed by some to a number of simplistic variables– but this is not the case. The fact that some leaders manage to successfully stimulate and facilitate innovative behaviour in their subordinates can be attributed to the fact that these leaders possess specific competencies based on different sets of knowledge, skills and attitudes. The innovation process consists of four distinct phases (idea generation, idea screening, feasibility and commercialisation) and innovative outcomes for a team will only result if team members successfully progress through each of these four phases. The reality, however, is that the innovation process itself is filled with challenges that will need to be overcome by team members if innovation is to flourish. Accordingly leaders should apply specific sets of knowledge, skills and attitudes during each of the phases in the innovation process to help guide subordinates successfully through the innovation process. It should hence be clear that being aware of the specific leadership competencies that will stimulate and facilitate innovative behaviour in subordinates will be of immense value to any organisation who wishes to act more innovatively. The primary purpose of this study was consequently to design a psychological measurement instrument that would provide a measure of the specific competencies leaders should possess to stimulate and facilitate innovative behaviour in subordinates. This instrument would enable management to customise training and development programmes to meet the specific needs of leaders and hence develop the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes on their part. A pilot study was conducted with the experimental version of the ILQ to obtain information regarding the psychometric properties of the instrument. Results obtained from the pilot study provided evidence that the ILQ instrument possesses high levels of internal reliability and satisfactory levels of concurrent validity. It can therefore be claimed that the ILQ instrument would serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for organisations who wish to improve their innovative capabilities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die mate waartoe organisasies suksesvol sal wees in die huidige globale besigheidsomgewing sal bepaal word deur hul vermoë om innoverend op te tree. Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat kreatiwiteit en innovasie nie spontaan sal plaasvind binne ‘n spankonteks nie, maar eerder die resultaat sal wees van doelbewuste praktyke en gedrag deur spanlede. Die huidige globale besigheidsomgewing word gekenmerk deur konstante verandering en lei daartoe dat leierskap belangriker as ooit geag word vanweë die feit dat leiers beskou word as die dryfkrag vir verandering en verantwoordelik is vir organisasie sukses. Spanleiers in organisasies moet ‘n essensiële rol vervul met betrekking tot die stimulering en fasilitering van innoverende gedrag in hul ondergeskiktes. Die feit dat sommige leiers dit regkry om suksesvol innoverende gedrag in hul ondergeskiktes te stimuleer en te fasiliteer, terwyl ander leiers misluk om dit reg te kry, word deur sommige individue aan ‘n klein aantal eenvoudige veranderlikes toegeskryf – dit is egter nie die geval nie. Die feit dat sommige leiers dit regkry om suksesvol innoverende gedrag in hul ondergeskiktes te stimuleer en te fasiliteer, kan toegeskryf word aan die feit dat hierdie leiers oor sekere bevoegdhede beskik gebaseer op spesifieke stelle kennis, vaardighede en houdings. Die innovasieproses bestaan uit vier onderskeie fases (idee-generering, idee-evaluering, bepaling van uitvoerbaarheid en kommersialisering) en werkspanne sal slegs innoverende uitkomstes behaal indien hulle suksesvol vorder deur elkeen van hierdie vier fases. Die realiteit is egter dat die innovasieproses inherent gevul is met uitdagings wat oorkom sal moet word deur spanlede indien innovasie enigsins sal floreer in die spanne. Dit is dus noodsaaklik dat leiers ‘n spesifieke versameling kennis, vaardighede en houdings sal aanwend om die pogings van ondergeskiktes suksesvol te bestuur deur die verskeie fases van die innovasieproses. Om kennis te dra omtrent die spesifieke leierskap-bevoegdhede – gebaseer op kennis, vaardighede en houdings – wat innoverende gedrag in ondergeskiktes sal stimuleer en fasiliteer, sal van onskatbare waarde wees vir organisasies. Die doel van hierdie studie was gevolglik om ‘n meetinstrument te ontwerp wat die bevoegdhede sal meet waaroor leiers moet beskik indien hulle beoog om suksesvol innoverende gedrag in hul ondergeskiktes te stimuleer en te fasiliteer. ‘n Meetinstrument van hierdie aard sal organisasies en hul bestuur in staat stel om opleiding en ontwikkeling programme nommerpas te maak en sodoende spesifieke bevoegdhede in hul leiers te ontwikkel. ‘n Loodsstudie is vervolgens uitgevoer om inligting rakende die psigometriese eienskappe van die instrument te verkry. Die resultate het getoon dat die ILQ oor hoë vlakke van interne betroubaarheid beskik, asook bevredigende vlakke van samevallende geldigheid. Die aanspraak kan gevolglik gemaak word dat die ILQ as ‘n waardevolle diagnostiese instrument vir enige organisasie sal dien wat beoog om hul innoverende vermoë uit te brei.

L’innovation technologique est considérée comme un élément clef dans la constitution des économies, dites du savoir, ou de la connaissance. Ce cadre économique stimule une forte croissance des investissements immatériels dans l’objectif de création de valeur et de construction d’un avantage compétitif défendable sur le long terme. Néanmoins, l’innovation est un processus continu qui requiert un horizon de long terme pour transformer l’ensemble des connaissances, et des efforts de Recherche et Développement (R&D) en un produit ayant de la valeur économique. La dimension temporelle de l’innovation technologique renforce son caractère risqué et augmente l’incertitude quant à sa réussite. De même, les problèmes d’asymétrie d’information créés par le processus d’innovation s’accentuent. Cette thèse s’intéresse à la relation entre le capital-connaissances et la performance financière des entreprises, dans un premier temps, pour se pencher ensuite sur la question de la valeur de marché de l’actif intangible. Pour ce faire, nous élaborons une base de données unique, à partir des brevets européens et proposons de nouvelles mesures qualitatives au capital intangible, basées sur les caractéristiques des brevets. Cette thèse mesure empiriquement la valeur économique du capital-connaissances représenté par sa « matière première », à savoir les dépenses R&D et par son « produit fini » à savoir les brevets. Nous construisons, également un indice composite de la qualité de l’innovation afin de mieux représenter la valeur privée de l’immatériel. Enfin, cette thèse s’intéresse à la question d’écart entre valeur comptable et valeur de marché des entreprises en présence d’investissements immatériels. Pour ce faire, elle contient une étude prévisionnelle et causale de la performance opérationnelle par les dépenses R&D et l’indice composite de qualité. Ce dernier est proposé en tant qu’outil non-financier d’analyse et de prévision de performance. / Technological innovation is considered as a key element in the knowledge-based economies, where the share of intangible assets continues to grow significantly. The development of innovation is enhanced mainly in the purpose of value creation and the obtaining of a competitive advantage. Nevertheless, innovating is a long process where the lag between the investments in Research and Development (R&D) activities, considered as its input, and the obtaining of a valuable output, often estimated by the patent application, is large. The long character is emphasized by the uncertainty and the riskiness of the process which are at the root of important problems of information asymmetry between investors and the insiders. This dissertation studies the impact of intangible investments on the financial performance of companies in Europe. Therefore, we use a unique database of European patents and suggest a set of qualitative measures to innovation, based on the patents’ attributes. Moreover, this thesis estimates the market value of intangibles as measured by the R&D expenses, the patent applications but also the qualitative attributes. In this framework, we construct a composite quality index of innovation in order to better estimate its private economic value. The increasing lag between financial and book values in the presence of R&D investments leads us to undertake a causal study of innovation on the financial performance of companies. We suggest our composite index as non-financial metric to predict the future earnings and examine the effect of R&D on the growth and volatility of future operating incomes.

O trabalho possibilitou a transposição de uma tensão social para uma investigação: analisar e interpretar a evolução técnico-científica do Curso de Engenharia Civil de universidades gaúchas (Federal, Confessional e Comunitária) e sua aproximação e/ou afastamento do humanismo e da tecnologia. A tese parte da proposição de que os Cursos de Engenharia Civil revelam níveis diferenciados na conduta de projetos de formação do engenheiro, de acordo com a concepção e o modelo de universidade. A hipótese é de que há diferenças na gestão de projetos em vigor nesses cursos de Engenharia Civil em relação ao humanismo, à tecnologia e à inovação. O estudo de casos múltiplos foi o método utilizado para desvelar as proposições numa abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e comparativa, dado o critério de escolha: comunitária (UPF); confessional (PUCRS) federal (UFRGS). A entrevista semi-estruturada foi o instrumento, sendo que as evidências provenientes dos documentos proporcionaram o encadeamento e a triangulação dos dados. Foram atores do processo de investigação, os diretores e os coordenadores dos cursos de Engenharia Civil, bem como os coordenadores dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia, além dos professores mais antigos e, ou mais experientes dessas universidades, totalizando 12 professores-participantes. Humanismo e tecnologia são as categorias teórico-referenciais; reforma e mudança, ter ou ser, técnica e tecnologia, inovação (radical e por obsolescência), conduta de projeto (unicidade, singularidade, gestão da complexidade, da incerteza e da exploração de oportunidades) são as categorias conceituais. Autores como Boutinet (2002), Pinto (2005), Serres (2003), Popkewitz (1997), Fromm (1987), Rossato (1998, 2002) ancoram a construção teórica e num tom dialético promovem junto aos atores não apenas a confirmação da proposição de tese e da hipótese, como ampliam e incluem novas variáveis: as condutas de projetos ocorrem em níveis diferenciados considerando a concepção e o modelo de universidade, a concepção de homem e de sociedade de cada ator e a formação do ator. / This work made possible the transposition of a social tension to an investigation: to analyze and to interpret the technical-scientific evolution of the university Civil Engineering Courses in Rio Grande do Sul (Federal, Confessional and Communitarian) and their approximation and/or removal from the humanism and from the technology. The thesis starts on the proposition that Civil Engineering Courses disclose differentiated levels in the conduct of engineers formation project, considering the conception and the model of university. The hypothesis is that there are differences in the Civil Engineering Courses project management in operation, concerning the humanism, the technology and the innovation. The study of multiple cases was the method used to reveal the proposals in a qualitative, descriptive and comparative approach, concerning the criterion of choices: communitarian (UPF); confessional (PUCRS) federal (UFRGS). The semi-structured interview was the instrument and the evidences from documents had provided the data chaining and triangulation. The directors and the coordinators of the Civil Engineering Courses, as well as the coordinators of the Engineering Post-graduation Programs have been the actors of the investigation process, besides the oldest and/or more experienced professors of those universities, totalizing 12 participants. Humanism and technology are the theoreticalreferential categories. The conceptual categories are: reform and change, to have or to be, technique and technology, innovation (radical and for obsolescence), conduct of project (uniqueness, singularity, complexity management, the uncertainty and the exploration of chances). Authors as Boutinet (2002), Pinto (2005), Serres (2003), Popkewitz (1997), Fromm (1987), Rossato (1998, 2002) anchor the theoretical construction and in a dialectic tone they not only promote to the actors the confirmation of the thesis proposal and the hypothesis together, as they extend and include new variables: the conducts of projects occur in differentiated levels considering the conception and the model of university, the conception of man and society of each actor and the actor formation.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:08:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2000-11-06T00:00:00Z / Este trabalho de doutoramento em Administração de Empresas pela EAESP/FGV de São Paulo apresenta estudo sobre a localização de 27 Incubadoras nacionais, abrangendo 9 Estados da Federação. A partir de dados coletados por meio de questionários, são avaliados os fatores de localização de pequenas empresas de base tecnológica e de incubadoras. Apresenta-se uma revisão dos principais aspectos clássicos e contemporâneos da Teoria Locacional.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:14:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100012.pdf: 349585 bytes, checksum: c166ddca584efaa59fe8373e748ad30e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-24T00:00:00Z / Através de um estudo de caso, este trabalho apresenta evidências empíricas que reforçam e ampliam as descobertas de trabalhos anteriores sobre as contribuições dos modelos 3D digitais no processo de inovação tecnológica de uma empresa da indústria de manufatura, e oferece contribuições para a academia e para a prática. A inovação tecnológica é um dos fatores essenciais da competição e do desenvolvimento industrial. Na medida em que as mudanças tecnológicas ocorrem em complexidade e ritmo crescentes, as empresas têm procurado aumentar a flexibilidade e a velocidade de suas atividades através de sofisticados sistemas de tecnologia de informação e de comunicações. Na indústria de manufatura, os modelos 3D digitais têm sido cada vez mais utilizados ao longo do ciclo de vida dos produtos das empresas e a sua difusão não apenas tornou-os elementos chave para o processo de inovação tecnológica, mas a sua adoção está forçando muitas empresas a rever a forma como elas conduzem e gerenciam suas atividades de inovação. / Through a case study, this work presents empiric evidences proving and enlarging the discoveries of previous works about the contributions of 3D digital models to the technological innovation process of manufacturing industry. It also contributes to the academy and to the practice. The technological innovation is one of the essential factors of competition and industrial development. As technological changes happen in growing flexibility and rhythm, the organizations have been trying to increase the flexibility and the speed of its activities through sophisticated information technologies and communication systems. In the manufacturing industry, the 3D digital models have been used more and more along the product life cycles of the organizations and their diffusion didn’t just turn them into key elements to the technological innovation process: their adoption is also forcing many organizations to review the way they conduct and manage their innovation activities.

La petite métallurgie du cuivre – laiton, bronze, plaqué, dorure, argenture – et la quincaillerie fine associée sont, en France, après la Guerre de Sept Ans jusqu’à la veille de la Révolution, de 1765 à 1790 environ, un secteur de l’économie du luxe à la pointe de l’innovation et très concurrentiel, capable de rivaliser avec l’Angleterre, une nation jusque là tenue comme « invincible ». Une première série de travaux en micro-histoire a aidé à redresser l’image de la « révolution » industrielle, mais la vision hiérarchisée des relations entre les différents acteurs subsistant, profitait à certains (gros merciers et entrepreneurs ; techniciens) au détriment d’autres. Au fil des recherches, s’est dégagée une vision plus complexe du milieu parisien de la curiosité, démontrant que les acteurs principaux, les merciers, étaient en général entourés de nombreux correspondants associés à leurs affaires et qui n’étaient pas de simples exécutants. Il fallait en retrouver trace par un dépouillement systématique des archives de Paris et de Londres.A la lumière des sources nous avons poussé les portes d’ateliers d’artisans-fabricants parisiens, découvrant leurs mises en scène de la technique et l’expression d’une pensée technologique : les équipements et les outils matérialisant leurs capacités à s’organiser ; les matières et matériaux, affichant leurs capacités à diversifier les nouveaux alliages et à en affiner les qualités ; les nombreux modèles affichant des intentions de décliner des gammes d’objets et de jouer sur les complémentarités entre métiers; les techniques de finition par jeux d’éclats, imitations, raffinement prouvant leurs implications dans une quête de la perfection.Mais la technicité et la spécialisation exigent de la sous-traitance, donc le recours à d’autres métiers et réseaux. Or, les contraintes corporatives à Paris à l’époque interdisent à l’artisan de vendre ce qu’il ne fabrique pas. Son corollaire est le privilège marchand de vendre tout ce qu’on n’a pas fabriqué, une prérogative qui donne à ce Corps l’ascendance sur les autres. Notre dépouillement de grosses affaires commerciales à Paris mais aussi à Londres démontre que le secteur du luxe prospère grâce à l’économie marchande et à la dynamique basée sur la multiplicité des métiers et des cultures. Cette dynamique est d’autant activée par la polyvalence de certains intermédiaires, dont la minorité de marchands juifs de Londres. Les archives de faillite confirment que les communications entre les marchands parisiens et les membres de ce réseau ont été porteuses de savoirs technologiques pratiques et que l’histoire de la technologie est inscrite dans ces alliances. / In between the end of the Seven Year War and the beginning of the Revolution, from 1765 to 1790, the French hardware trade and the “toy” industry - brass, bronze, plating, gilding, silvering - emerged as one of the most innovative and competitive luxury sector, able to compete with its English counterpart still held as the “hero” in the history of the industrial “revolution”. As a result of many new inquiries and reassessment of the subject through micro-history approaches, inherited historiography has been revised. Yet, a hierarchical vision of relationships among its actors (mercers, producers, and technicians alike) still prevails, leaving apart and undetected some more modest and seemingly ordinary people. As a result of additional recent studies, a new and more complex perception of the Parisian context has demonstrated that the main actors of this achievement usually worked in close association with a number of people that were far from being mere “hands”. Archival resources in Paris and London had to be explored much thoroughly.Perusing through the sources has led us first to visit craftsmen’s workshops and discover “the technique” which reflects the emergence of technological thought : the equipment and tools materialising their capacity to devise and organise the job ; products and materials including new alloys showing their ability to diversify and to refine ; numerous models testifying to their plan to increase the ranges of product relying on analogies and complementarities between trades; finishing and decorating through brilliance, imitations, refinements, proved that their quest for perfection was one of their ultimate challenge.But technique and specialisation mean expansion therefore sub-contracting, that is recruiting other trades and networks. Yet, under the Parisian corporative regulations, a craftsman is denied the right to sell what he does not produce himself, the corollary being that a merchant is allowed under that rule to sell whatever he does not make. This gives him predominance over artisans. Our study of significant mercers’ businesses in Paris and in London demonstrates that the luxury sector has been stimulated by trade and that it involved many arts and crafts; that under this impulse, though originating in France mainly Paris, it went beyond frontiers through different countries one of which being Great Britain, the economy of which was prospering; that the boost was reinforced by the involvement of networks of multi-skilled actors, among them the minority of Jewish traders from London.Thus, progress in historical research has led to the conclusion that between Parisian merchants and the members of this particular network, exchanges involved technology concerns and that, as a result of these alliances, technology had been greatly promoted.

O trabalho possibilitou a transposição de uma tensão social para uma investigação: analisar e interpretar a evolução técnico-científica do Curso de Engenharia Civil de universidades gaúchas (Federal, Confessional e Comunitária) e sua aproximação e/ou afastamento do humanismo e da tecnologia. A tese parte da proposição de que os Cursos de Engenharia Civil revelam níveis diferenciados na conduta de projetos de formação do engenheiro, de acordo com a concepção e o modelo de universidade. A hipótese é de que há diferenças na gestão de projetos em vigor nesses cursos de Engenharia Civil em relação ao humanismo, à tecnologia e à inovação. O estudo de casos múltiplos foi o método utilizado para desvelar as proposições numa abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e comparativa, dado o critério de escolha: comunitária (UPF); confessional (PUCRS) federal (UFRGS). A entrevista semi-estruturada foi o instrumento, sendo que as evidências provenientes dos documentos proporcionaram o encadeamento e a triangulação dos dados. Foram atores do processo de investigação, os diretores e os coordenadores dos cursos de Engenharia Civil, bem como os coordenadores dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia, além dos professores mais antigos e, ou mais experientes dessas universidades, totalizando 12 professores-participantes. Humanismo e tecnologia são as categorias teórico-referenciais; reforma e mudança, ter ou ser, técnica e tecnologia, inovação (radical e por obsolescência), conduta de projeto (unicidade, singularidade, gestão da complexidade, da incerteza e da exploração de oportunidades) são as categorias conceituais. Autores como Boutinet (2002), Pinto (2005), Serres (2003), Popkewitz (1997), Fromm (1987), Rossato (1998, 2002) ancoram a construção teórica e num tom dialético promovem junto aos atores não apenas a confirmação da proposição de tese e da hipótese, como ampliam e incluem novas variáveis: as condutas de projetos ocorrem em níveis diferenciados considerando a concepção e o modelo de universidade, a concepção de homem e de sociedade de cada ator e a formação do ator. / This work made possible the transposition of a social tension to an investigation: to analyze and to interpret the technical-scientific evolution of the university Civil Engineering Courses in Rio Grande do Sul (Federal, Confessional and Communitarian) and their approximation and/or removal from the humanism and from the technology. The thesis starts on the proposition that Civil Engineering Courses disclose differentiated levels in the conduct of engineers formation project, considering the conception and the model of university. The hypothesis is that there are differences in the Civil Engineering Courses project management in operation, concerning the humanism, the technology and the innovation. The study of multiple cases was the method used to reveal the proposals in a qualitative, descriptive and comparative approach, concerning the criterion of choices: communitarian (UPF); confessional (PUCRS) federal (UFRGS). The semi-structured interview was the instrument and the evidences from documents had provided the data chaining and triangulation. The directors and the coordinators of the Civil Engineering Courses, as well as the coordinators of the Engineering Post-graduation Programs have been the actors of the investigation process, besides the oldest and/or more experienced professors of those universities, totalizing 12 participants. Humanism and technology are the theoreticalreferential categories. The conceptual categories are: reform and change, to have or to be, technique and technology, innovation (radical and for obsolescence), conduct of project (uniqueness, singularity, complexity management, the uncertainty and the exploration of chances). Authors as Boutinet (2002), Pinto (2005), Serres (2003), Popkewitz (1997), Fromm (1987), Rossato (1998, 2002) anchor the theoretical construction and in a dialectic tone they not only promote to the actors the confirmation of the thesis proposal and the hypothesis together, as they extend and include new variables: the conducts of projects occur in differentiated levels considering the conception and the model of university, the conception of man and society of each actor and the actor formation.

O direito antitruste, atualmente ditado pela Lei 12.529 de 30 de novembro de 2011, e o direito da propriedade intelectual permeiam o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro buscando regrar condutas e procedimentos com vistas a tutelar, de um lado, a livre concorrência e, de outro, estimular a inovação e o desenvolvimento tecnológico do país. No exercício de ambos os direitos, muitas vezes observam-se conflitos, que aparentemente revelam uma contradição: a concessão de exclusividade de exploração de bens intangíveis, tais como patentes e desenhos industriais, conflita com a livre concorrência, sendo uma excludente da outra. Entretanto, essa contradição, como se verá, encontra-se superada. Em nosso sistema jurídico não há direitos absolutos que possam justificar a dominância pura e simples de um sobre o outro sem medir as consequências. O equilíbrio é buscado através da vedação legal aos abusos de direito, especialmente abusos de direito de propriedade intelectual e o exercício abusivo de poder econômico. Adicionalmente, a Constituição Federal subordina o uso da propriedade à sua função social. O presente estudo analisa as questões que envolvem esse aparente conflito e os abusos decorrentes do exercício desses direitos. O tema é introduzido com a análise da interface entre o direito da propriedade intelectual e o antitruste e as questões de direito dela decorrentes. A seguir, são analisados o abuso de direito, o abuso de poder econômico e o abuso de posição dominante, com destaque para o entendimento da existência de venda casada mesmo que o vínculo ocorra com diferimento no tempo. O estudo prossegue discorrendo sobre a livre iniciativa e a livre concorrência, bem como o instituto do desenho industrial e seu eventual uso abusivo. Também são analisados o mercado de reposição de peças e partes de produtos complexos e sua repercussão no Brasil e no exterior, e a posição do CADE sobre eventuais condutas anticompetitivas. A jurisprudência comentada ilustra as diversas posições doutrinárias acerca da matéria. O monopólio decorrente de direito de propriedade intelectual seria benéfico para a eficiência e regulação dos mercados, apesar de seus eventuais efeitos contra os interesses do consumidor? Este ensaio procura responder essa indagação, aprofundando o debate sobre o conflito entre o monopólio concedido por desenho industrial às peças de reposição de objetos complexos e a liberdade de escolha do consumidor. Oferece ainda uma proposta legislativa que visa assegurar o equilíbrio entre os direitos dos envolvidos. / The antitrust law, currently under Law 12,529, of November 30, 2011, and the intellectual property law is within the Brazilian juridical ordination, seeking to rule conducts and procedures intended to protect the free competition, on one hand, and to stimulate the innovation and technological development of the country, on the other hand. In the performance of both rights, conflicts are many times observed, which apparently reveal a contradiction: the granting of exclusivity for the exploitation of intangible goods, such as patents and industrial designs, conflicts with the free competition, excluding one another. Said contradiction, however, has been overcome, as it will be noticed. Our juridical system encompasses no absolute rights liable to justify the pure and simple dominance of one on the other, without assessing the consequences. The balance is searched by means of the legal prevention of the abuses of right, especially the abuses of the intellectual property law and the abusive exercise of the economic power. In addition, the Federal Constitution subordinates the use of property to its social function. This study analyzes the issues involving this apparent conflict and the abuses resulting from the enforcement of said rights. The theme is introduced with the analysis of the interface between the intellectual property right and the antitrust one and the resulting legal issues. Then, the abuse of right, the abuse of economic power and the abuse of the dominant position are analysed, pointing out the understanding of the existence of a tying arrangement, even though the binding occurs with deferral in time. The study proceeds by analyzing the free initiative and the free competition, as well as the industrial design institute and its eventual abusive use. The parts reposition and parts of complex products and their repercussion in Brazil and overseas, the CADE´s position as to eventual anticompetitive conducts are also analyzed. The commented jurisprudence illustrates the several opinion of jurists on this matter. Would the monopoly resulting from the intellectual property right benefit the market efficiency and regulation, despite the eventual effects against the consumer interests ? This paper seeks to reply such a question, by deepening the debate on the conflicts between the monopoly granted by industrial design to spare parts of complex objects and the consumer´s free choice. It also offers a legislative proposal intended to ensure the balance between the involved parties´ rights.