Os primeiros vestígios arqueológicos cerâmicos do sítio arqueológico Santa Luzia foram descobertos durante a realização de curvas de nível na fazenda homônima; os fragmentos foram então enviados ao IEPHA-MG para restauração. Desde 2014, o sítio foi inserido no âmbito do Projeto Quebra-Anzol por Alves e equipe a fim de se estudar a história de longa duração da ocupação indígena no vale do Paranaíba; as datações preliminares colocam o sítio Santa Luzia como o sítio lito-cerâmico mais antigo da região, com cerca de 1830 anos. O presente trabalho descreve tanto o trabalho de campo realizado, com prospecções com coleta de superfície e pesquisa intensiva de campo, bem como as análises morfológicas e arqueométricas realizadas sobre os fragmentos cerâmicos e análises tipológicas dos artefatos líticos encontrados no sítio arqueológico, dentro dos conceitos de cultura material, fato social total, habitus, cadeias operatórias e sistemas tecnológicos, cadeias comportamentais e Arqueologia da Paisagem. Através da análise da cerâmica, bem como da tipologia lítica, buscou-se assim evidenciar as cadeias operatórias presentes na produção material do assentamento descoberto. Foi possível perceber o profundo domínio do meio ambiente, através da escolha do local onde o sítio se encontra, que se constitui em um lugar persistente dentro do contexto estudado no Projeto Quebra-Anzol, estando a meia-vertente e próximo a fontes de água. Também é inegável o domínio tecnológico do povo que ali viveu, seja pela produção de grandes vasilhames cerâmicos, alguns com mais de 400 litros, seja pela manufatura lítica. Os dados aqui discutidos mostram que era um povo agricultor-ceramista e com grande adensamento populacional, relacionado aos Kayapó Meridionais. Por fim, a fim das peças não se tornarem estáticas e mortas atrás de vitrines de Museu, também foi realizada uma proposta de educação patrimonial, considerando os processos de ressignificação no fato museal, bem como a questão da acessibilidade, além de possibilidades de se levar os vestígios à sala de aula. Também se pensou na ocupação do Museu de Arqueologia pelo público através de propostas como oficinas de lascamento e de bordado ou programas radiofônicos. / The first ceramic archaeological sherds of the archaeological site Santa Luzia were discovered when the contour lines were being made in the homonymous farm; the sherds were then sent to IEPHA-MG for restauration. Since 2014, the site has been inserted in the framework of Projeto Quebra-Anzol by Alves and team to study the history of long duration of the indigenous occupation in Paranaíba valley; the preliminary datings place the site of Santa Luzia as the oldest litho-ceramic site in the region, dating back to about 1830 years. The present work describes both the fieldwork carried out with prospecting with surface collection and intensive field research, as well as the morphological and archaeometric analysis carried out on the ceramic fragments and typological analysis of the lithic artifacts found in the archaeological site, within the concepts of material culture, total social fact, habitus, operational chains and technological systems, behavioral chains and Archeology of Landscape. Through the analysis of the ceramic, as well as of the lithic typology, it was sought to show the operational chains present in the material production of the discovered settlement. It was possible to perceive the deep domain of the environment, by choosing the place where the site is located, which is a persistent place within the context studied in the Projeto Quebra-Anzol, being in the half-slope and close to water sources. It is also undeniable the technological domination of the people who lived there, either by the production of large ceramic vessels, some with more than 400 liters, or by the lithic manufacture. The data discussed here shows that it the site was occupied by farming-ceramist people with great population density, related to the Southern Kayapó. Finally, in order to make the pieces not static and dead behind Museum showcases, a proposal of heritage education was also carried out, considering the processes of resignification in the museum fact, as well the necessity of accessibility, besides the possibilities regarding taking the vestiges to the classroom. It was also thought of the occupation of the Museum of Archeology by the public through proposals such as chipped-stone industry production and embroidery workshops or radio programs.

The manufacture of photovoltaic (PV) system components has a role to play in the industrialisation and poverty reduction strategies of developing countries. It has also been suggested that small scale local manufacture of balance of systems components has the potential to improve the maintenance, installation and use of the technology. However, PV is a complex technology and most developing countries have not been able to build the capabilities required to manufacture PV system components of an appropriate quality and price, either in the modern or small scale sectors. The factors that determine the success of PV manufacturers in developing countries are therefore of interest. Previous studies on learning in the PV industry have been focused on industry-wide concerns and have not explicitly addressed enterprise-level capability building or challenges specific to developing countries. In particular, there has been very little published about small scale PV manufacture. This thesis therefore aims to improve understanding of the factors that influence capability building, with a view to assisting decision making in relation to PV manufacture in developing countries. The aims of the study have been fulfilled by the development and assessment of a software simulation training tool for PV cell production line engineers, the development of an analysis framework, and application of it to several case study PV enterprises. Through the application of the framework to the case studies, it has been possible to assess the role of software simulations, the suitability of countries with different types of infrastructure for hosting PV manufacturing and the institutional arrangements or interventions that could be used to promote capability building for PV manufacturers in developing countries. While further case studies are required to make more than tentative conclusions, the framework developed and tested in this thesis may now be used as a tool to systematically and rapidly analyse the appropriateness of different types of PV manufacture in particular countries, to identify the weaknesses in their PV technological systems and therefore to suggest where resources should be invested and where appropriate institutional changes could be made. The simulation software has been demonstrated to be an effective capability building tool, thus providing one of the key elements required for successful manufacturing.

<p>In the early 1860s three Swedes, Nils Wilhelm Mitander,Julius Ramsay and Gustaf Wittenström, were engaged by theBritish to build and run charcoal-based ironworks in India.These works, the Burwai Iron Works of the British Government inthe case of Mitander and the privately owned Kumaon Iron Worksin the case of Ramsay and Wittenström, were both to bebased on the most modern European technology. The projects werepioneering in Indian ironmaking. The ambitions were high andstakes big, but after only a few years the projects were closedand the Swedes returned home.<i>Landscapes of Technology Transfer</i>presents a detailedstudy of the Kumaon and Burwai Iron Works, from their firstconception to their final closure. The investigation isbasically empirical and a fundamental question is: Why were theworks never brought into full and continuous production?</p><p>The ironworks projects should be considered as processes oftechnology transfer rather than fully fledged and completedtransfers. In spite of this lack of success, or maybe becauseof it, the history of the ironworks and the Swedes also forms afruitful case to put other questions of wide relevance. Itexposes workings and effects of colonialism and offers anexplanation of the late development of India's iron and steelindustry and analyses of the complex totality forming theprerequisites for a successful transfer of technology. The longtraditions of bloomery ironmaking in India and ismarginalisation is also discussed.</p><p><i>Landscapes of Technology Transfer</i>is a comprehensiveempirical study. From a local and individual perspective ittraces lines of connection across boundaries of time andgeography. The historical landscapes of technology transfer aredescribed in their cultural, social, economic and politicaldimensions and the thesis underlines the importance of a closeacquaintance with local settings and conditions, where historyis manifested in a physical presence. The remains of theironworks and theirlocal landscapes in present-day India areused as a central source for writing their histories. There isalso a strong emphasis on the use of photographs and drawingsas sources.</p><p>The outcome of the projects was the result of the interplaybetween the local and the global, between a diversity ofconcrete factors influencing the construction of the works andtheir running and their colonial character. The studyemphasises the importance of technological systems andnetworks, both on a micro and a macro level. On a local leveldemanding logistics, a sometimes adverse climate, theprocurement of charcoal and iron ore in sufficient quantitiesand the build up of knowledge of ironmaking posed serious butnot insurmountable difficulties. Most obstacles were overcomealready during the first few years of the 1860s, the period ofthe Swedes, but to put the works into full and continuousproduction would have needed perseverance and purposefulefforts to support and protect the iron production, at leastduring an initial period. In the end the position of India as acolonial dependency, subjected to the primacy of Britishinterests, set the limits of the projects.</p><p><b>Key words:</b>History of technology, industrial heritagestudies, industrial archaeology, technology transfer,diffusion, technological systems, landscapes of technology,iron and steel, charcoal iron, direct and indirect ironmaking,bloomeries, 19th century, industrial history,industrialisation, de-industrialisation, underdevelopment,colonialism, India, Sweden, Great Britain, global history,annales.</p>

The manufacture of photovoltaic (PV) system components has a role to play in the industrialisation and poverty reduction strategies of developing countries. It has also been suggested that small scale local manufacture of balance of systems components has the potential to improve the maintenance, installation and use of the technology. However, PV is a complex technology and most developing countries have not been able to build the capabilities required to manufacture PV system components of an appropriate quality and price, either in the modern or small scale sectors. The factors that determine the success of PV manufacturers in developing countries are therefore of interest. Previous studies on learning in the PV industry have been focused on industry-wide concerns and have not explicitly addressed enterprise-level capability building or challenges specific to developing countries. In particular, there has been very little published about small scale PV manufacture. This thesis therefore aims to improve understanding of the factors that influence capability building, with a view to assisting decision making in relation to PV manufacture in developing countries. The aims of the study have been fulfilled by the development and assessment of a software simulation training tool for PV cell production line engineers, the development of an analysis framework, and application of it to several case study PV enterprises. Through the application of the framework to the case studies, it has been possible to assess the role of software simulations, the suitability of countries with different types of infrastructure for hosting PV manufacturing and the institutional arrangements or interventions that could be used to promote capability building for PV manufacturers in developing countries. While further case studies are required to make more than tentative conclusions, the framework developed and tested in this thesis may now be used as a tool to systematically and rapidly analyse the appropriateness of different types of PV manufacture in particular countries, to identify the weaknesses in their PV technological systems and therefore to suggest where resources should be invested and where appropriate institutional changes could be made. The simulation software has been demonstrated to be an effective capability building tool, thus providing one of the key elements required for successful manufacturing.

The manufacture of photovoltaic (PV) system components has a role to play in the industrialisation and poverty reduction strategies of developing countries. It has also been suggested that small scale local manufacture of balance of systems components has the potential to improve the maintenance, installation and use of the technology. However, PV is a complex technology and most developing countries have not been able to build the capabilities required to manufacture PV system components of an appropriate quality and price, either in the modern or small scale sectors. The factors that determine the success of PV manufacturers in developing countries are therefore of interest. Previous studies on learning in the PV industry have been focused on industry-wide concerns and have not explicitly addressed enterprise-level capability building or challenges specific to developing countries. In particular, there has been very little published about small scale PV manufacture. This thesis therefore aims to improve understanding of the factors that influence capability building, with a view to assisting decision making in relation to PV manufacture in developing countries. The aims of the study have been fulfilled by the development and assessment of a software simulation training tool for PV cell production line engineers, the development of an analysis framework, and application of it to several case study PV enterprises. Through the application of the framework to the case studies, it has been possible to assess the role of software simulations, the suitability of countries with different types of infrastructure for hosting PV manufacturing and the institutional arrangements or interventions that could be used to promote capability building for PV manufacturers in developing countries. While further case studies are required to make more than tentative conclusions, the framework developed and tested in this thesis may now be used as a tool to systematically and rapidly analyse the appropriateness of different types of PV manufacture in particular countries, to identify the weaknesses in their PV technological systems and therefore to suggest where resources should be invested and where appropriate institutional changes could be made. The simulation software has been demonstrated to be an effective capability building tool, thus providing one of the key elements required for successful manufacturing.

In the early 1860s three Swedes, Nils Wilhelm Mitander,Julius Ramsay and Gustaf Wittenström, were engaged by theBritish to build and run charcoal-based ironworks in India.These works, the Burwai Iron Works of the British Government inthe case of Mitander and the privately owned Kumaon Iron Worksin the case of Ramsay and Wittenström, were both to bebased on the most modern European technology. The projects werepioneering in Indian ironmaking. The ambitions were high andstakes big, but after only a few years the projects were closedand the Swedes returned home.Landscapes of Technology Transferpresents a detailedstudy of the Kumaon and Burwai Iron Works, from their firstconception to their final closure. The investigation isbasically empirical and a fundamental question is: Why were theworks never brought into full and continuous production? The ironworks projects should be considered as processes oftechnology transfer rather than fully fledged and completedtransfers. In spite of this lack of success, or maybe becauseof it, the history of the ironworks and the Swedes also forms afruitful case to put other questions of wide relevance. Itexposes workings and effects of colonialism and offers anexplanation of the late development of India's iron and steelindustry and analyses of the complex totality forming theprerequisites for a successful transfer of technology. The longtraditions of bloomery ironmaking in India and ismarginalisation is also discussed. Landscapes of Technology Transferis a comprehensiveempirical study. From a local and individual perspective ittraces lines of connection across boundaries of time andgeography. The historical landscapes of technology transfer aredescribed in their cultural, social, economic and politicaldimensions and the thesis underlines the importance of a closeacquaintance with local settings and conditions, where historyis manifested in a physical presence. The remains of theironworks and theirlocal landscapes in present-day India areused as a central source for writing their histories. There isalso a strong emphasis on the use of photographs and drawingsas sources. The outcome of the projects was the result of the interplaybetween the local and the global, between a diversity ofconcrete factors influencing the construction of the works andtheir running and their colonial character. The studyemphasises the importance of technological systems andnetworks, both on a micro and a macro level. On a local leveldemanding logistics, a sometimes adverse climate, theprocurement of charcoal and iron ore in sufficient quantitiesand the build up of knowledge of ironmaking posed serious butnot insurmountable difficulties. Most obstacles were overcomealready during the first few years of the 1860s, the period ofthe Swedes, but to put the works into full and continuousproduction would have needed perseverance and purposefulefforts to support and protect the iron production, at leastduring an initial period. In the end the position of India as acolonial dependency, subjected to the primacy of Britishinterests, set the limits of the projects. Key words:History of technology, industrial heritagestudies, industrial archaeology, technology transfer,diffusion, technological systems, landscapes of technology,iron and steel, charcoal iron, direct and indirect ironmaking,bloomeries, 19th century, industrial history,industrialisation, de-industrialisation, underdevelopment,colonialism, India, Sweden, Great Britain, global history,annales. / <p>Qc 20170119</p>

abstract: Cities are in need of radical knowledge system innovations and designs in the age of the Anthropocene. Cities are complex sites of interactions across social, ecological, and technological dimensions. Cities are also experiencing rapidly changing and intractable environmental conditions. Given uncertain and incomplete knowledge of both future environmental conditions and the outcomes of urban resilience efforts, today’s knowledge systems are unequipped to generate the knowledge and wisdom needed to act. As such, cities must modernize the knowledge infrastructure underpinning today’s complex urban systems. The principal objective of this dissertation is to make the case for, and guide, the vital knowledge system innovations that coastal cities need in order to build more resilient urban futures. Chapter 2 demonstrates the use of knowledge systems analysis as a tool to stress-test and upgrade the Federal Emergency Management Agency flood mapping knowledge system that drives flood resilience planning and decision-making in New York City. In Chapter 3, a conceptual framework is constructed for the design and analysis of knowledge co-production by integrating concepts across the co-production and urban social-ecological-technological systems literatures. In Chapter 4, the conceptual framework is used to analyze two case studies of knowledge co-production in the Miami Metropolitan Area to better inform decisions for how and when to employ co-production as a tool to achieve sustainability and resilience outcomes. In Chapter 5, six propositions are presented – derived from a synthesis of the literature and the three empirical cases – that knowledge professionals can employ to create, facilitate, and scale up knowledge system innovations: flatten knowledge hierarchies; create plural and positive visions of the future; construct knowledge co-production to achieve desired outcomes; acknowledge and anticipate the influence of power and authority; build anticipatory capacities to act under deep uncertainty; and identify and invest in knowledge innovations. While these six propositions apply to the context of coastal cities and flood resilience, most can also be useful to facilitate knowledge innovations to adapt to other complex and intractable environmental problems. Cities must move swiftly to create and catalyze knowledge system innovations given the scale of climate impacts and rapidly changing environmental conditions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2020

This diploma thesis deals with the monitoring of network elements of technological networks and distribution systems. There are described reasons why and what kind of values we want to monitor. Three monitoring systems are then selected, described their properties and functions. Based on their merits, one system for deploying the test environment is selected. The practical part is the configuration of the selected system and its subsequent deployment to the network.

Den här studien utgår ifrån två svenska koppargruvor varav den ena, Aitik i Gällivare, är idrift och den andra, Falu gruva, stängde 1992. Studiens syfte är att undersöka förutsättningarna för att använda Falu gruva som modell för den framtida avvecklingen av Aitik, med särskilt avseende på efterbehandling, kulturarvsprocesser och återanvändning. Inom ramen för kulturarvsprocesser och återanvändning beaktas särskilt lärande.Metodansatsen är kvalitativ och den teoretiska utgångspunkten är att en gruva kan ses som ett stort sociotekniskt system bestående av artefakter och sociala komponenter. Genom intervjuer med representanter från Falu gruvas ägare och Aitiks ägare samt från Gällivare kommun genererades data. Data från intervjuerna samt från en mindre dokumentstudieut gjorde studiens resultat. Detta analyserades tematiskt och diskuterades utifrån uppsatsens teoriavsnitt. Resultatet visar att Aitik kan utvecklas vid en framtida avveckling och att Falu gruva i vissa avseenden kan användas som modell för denna process. Bland annat kan Falu gruva användas som modell för Aitik avseende utbildning som en del av återanvändning, där Aitikkan lära av Falu gruva genom att inte göra samma misstag som gjorts där. Resultatet visar emellertid också att samhällena Gällivare och Falun skiljer sig mycket åt, både vad gäller samhällsidentitet och samhällets relation till gruvan. Slutsatsen av den här studien är att aspekter såsom att betrakta artefakter som en resurs; gruvans roll i samhället; samt vem som definierar kulturarv är centrala för att kunna använda Falu gruva som modell för Aitikmed hänsyn till lärande. / This study is about two Swedish copper mines, Aitik in Gällivare which is still in use and theFalun mine, which closed in 1992. The aim of this study is to explore the prerequisites for using the Falun mine as a model for the future closure of the Aitik mine, with regards specifically to mine reclamation, heritagisation and reuse. In particular, the aspect of learning within the heritagisation and reuse framework is discussed. A qualitative research method has been used and the theoretical starting point is that a mine can be seen as a large technological system consisting of artifacts and social components. Data has been collected through interviews with representatives from the Falun mine owners, the Aitik mine owners and from the local government of Gällivare. This data, along with data from a limited document study, made up the results of this study. The results were then analyzed thematically and discussed against the theoretical frameworks used in this study. The results show that Aitik can be developed post-closure and that the Falun mine can, ins ome regards, be used as a model for this development process. Among other aspects, theFalun mine can be used as a model for Aitik for education as a part of reusing the mine, where Aitik can learn from the Falun mine by not making the same mistakes that were made there. However, the results show that the Gällivare and Falun societies are different in terms of identity and in their relations towards the mines. The conclusion of this study is that aspects such as regarding artifacts as resources; the mine’s role in society; and who determines what a cultural heritage is, are all important in order to use the Falun mine as a model for Aitik from an educational perspective.

Bakgrund och problem: Revisionsbranschen befinner sig i ett kritiskt skede. Detta eftersom teknikens prestanda utvecklas snabbare än vad människor gör, vilket i sin tur resulterat i att människors uppgifter har börjat bytas ut mot datorer, robotar eller annan liknande teknik. Detta går att likställa med automatisering. Tidigare studier har påvisat ett flertal fördelar med att implementera automatiserade verktyg och tekniker inom revision, såsom ökad effektivitet och kostnadsbesparingar. Det är dock relativt outforskat på svenska revisionsbyråer sett till samspelet mellan människa och teknologi för att uppnå dessa fördelar och med denna studie vill författarna bidra med mer forskning inom området. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att analysera automatisering inom revisionsbranschen och möjligheter och utmaningar det medfört revisorns professionella bedömningar. Metod: Denna studie är av kvalitativ karaktär och innefattar en deduktiv forskningsansats där det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med auktoriserade revisorer på revisionsbyråer i Sverige. Vidare har det empiriska materialet analyserats genom en tematisk analys. Slutsats: Studien visar att automatiseringen utvecklas varje dag, vilket resulterar ett flertal möjligheter. Automatiserade verktyg och tekniker ger revisorn en helhetsbild av revisionen som resulterar i att fler avvikelser upptäcks och det finns möjlighet att revisorn gör bättre bedömningar i då större delar av populationer täcks in. Samtidigt är det emellanåt svårt att följa med i alla dess framsteg, och utmaningar uppdagas. Detta då det råder en tidsbrist för revisorer att lära sig de automatiserade verktygen och teknikerna, vilket gör att det inte anses som tidseffektivt. Dessutom kan det argumenteras för att nyexaminerade inte förbereds tillräckligt mycket inför den IT-miljö som revisionsbyråer idag kantas av, vilket skapar ett kunskapsglapp och kan ses som en utmaning för revisorns professionella bedömningar. Våra fynd och studiens teoretiska modell kan ses öppna upp möjligheter för vidare forskning inom området men även andra delar av samhället. / Background and problem: The audit industry is at a critical stage. This is because the performance of technology is evolving faster than that of humans, which in turn has resulted in human tasks being replaced by computers, robots or other similar technologies. This can be equated with automation. Previous studies have demonstrated a number of benefits of implementing automated tools and techniques in auditing, such as increased efficiency and cost savings. However, the interaction between humans and technology to achieve these benefits is relatively underexplored in Swedish audit firms, and with this study the authors want to contribute with more research in this area. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze automation in the audit industry and the opportunities and challenges it has brought to the auditor's professional judgments. Method: This study is qualitative in nature and includes a deductive research approach where the empirical material has been collected through semi-structured interviews with certified public accountants at accounting firms in Sweden. Furthermore, the empirical material has been analyzed through a thematic analysis. Conclusion: The study shows that automation is evolving every day, resulting in numerous opportunities. Automated tools and techniques provide the auditor with a holistic view of the audit which generates more discrepancies to be detected and the possibility for the auditor to make better judgements as larger parts of the populations are covered. At the same time, it is sometimes difficult to keep up with all of its progress, and challenges emerge. This is because there is a lack of time for auditors to learn the automated tools and techniques, which means that it is not considered time efficient. In addition, it can be argued that new graduates are not adequately prepared for the IT environment that surrounds audit firms today, which creates a knowledge gap and can be seen as a challenge to the auditor's professional judgements. Our findings and the study’s theoretical model can be seen to open up possibilities for further research in this area but also in other parts of society.