<p>The Small and Medium-size Enterprises are the key bone of the economy of many nations. The usual definition of SME’s, make up 99.8% of the approximately 19 million enterprises of the European Union (ISO, 2002) and Sweden is not an exception. That is why SME’s faces the strategic challenge of achieving sustained profitable growth. To meet this challenge, SME’s must develop capabilities to integrate their systems. Since ICT gives so many advantages to support the Supply Chain, and MRPII software’s have become a very popular tool in the last thirty years; Our purpose is to answer the following research question:</p><p>How can MRP II-type computer systems be used effectively to support the manufacturing and organizational integration?</p><p>The research started with on-site observations and interviews but the development of a model and a survey was needed. After, we linked the research with an already accepted model. The results show how important the human aspect and the accuracy are in the effective usage of an MRP II. It also demonstrates that the MRP II philosophy must be accepted to use the MRP II software profitably. Nevertheless, we modeled the vicious cycle that our case company might deal with, tried to find the root cause and give recommendations to break it.</p> / <p>Små och Mellan- stora företag är många nationers byggstenar. Den vanligaste definitionen av SME´s utgör 99,8% av de uppskattningsvis 19 miljoner företag inom Europeiska Unionen (ISO, 2002) och Sverige är inget undantag. Det är anledningen till att SME´s möter den strategiska utmaningen att uppnå ihållande och vinstgivande tillväxt. För att ta sig an denna utmaningen måste SME´s utveckla förmågor att integrera sina system. Eftersom ICT ger så många fördelar att stödja utbudskedjan, och eftersom MRP II mjukvaror har kommit att bli ett populärt verktyg de senaste trettio åren, kommer vårt syfte bli att svara på följande fråga:</p><p>Hur kan datasystem av typen MRP II användas för att på ett effektivt sätt underlätta integrering av tillverkning och organisation?</p><p>Undersökningen startade med observationer samt intervjuer på plats, men utförandet av en statistisk undersökning och en modell var nödvändig efter det att vi redan hade kopplat ihop arbetet med en redan accepterad modell. Reasultaten visar hur viktig den mänskliga faktorn samt exaktheten är i användandet av en MRP II. Den visar också att MRP II filosofin måste vara accepterad innan man kan använda MRP II mjukvaran på ett fördelaktigt sätt. Likväl har vi illustrerat den onda cirkeln som vårt företag måste försöka ta sig ur, försökt hitta den underliggande orsaken och slutligen att ge rekommendationer för att bryta den.</p>

<p>The Small and Medium-size Enterprises are the key bone of the economy of many nations. The usual definition of SME’s, make up 99.8% of the approximately 19 million enterprises of the European Union (ISO, 2002) and Sweden is not an exception. That is why SME’s faces the strategic challenge of achieving sustained profitable growth. To meet this challenge, SME’s must develop capabilities to integrate their systems. Since ICT gives so many advantages to support the Supply Chain, and MRPII software’s have become a very popular tool in the last thirty years; Our purpose is to answer the following research question:</p><p>How can MRP II-type computer systems be used effectively to support the manufacturing and organizational integration?</p><p>The research started with on-site observations and interviews but the development of a model and a survey was needed. After, we linked the research with an already accepted model. The results show how important the human aspect and the accuracy are in the effective usage of an MRP II. It also demonstrates that the MRP II philosophy must be accepted to use the MRP II software profitably. Nevertheless, we modeled the vicious cycle that our case company might deal with, tried to find the root cause and give recommendations to break it.</p> / <p>Små och Mellan- stora företag är många nationers byggstenar. Den vanligaste definitionen av SME´s utgör 99,8% av de uppskattningsvis 19 miljoner företag inom Europeiska Unionen (ISO, 2002) och Sverige är inget undantag. Det är anledningen till att SME´s möter den strategiska utmaningen att uppnå ihållande och vinstgivande tillväxt. För att ta sig an denna utmaningen måste SME´s utveckla förmågor att integrera sina system. Eftersom ICT ger så många fördelar att stödja utbudskedjan, och eftersom MRP II mjukvaror har kommit att bli ett populärt verktyg de senaste trettio åren, kommer vårt syfte bli att svara på följande fråga:</p><p>Hur kan datasystem av typen MRP II användas för att på ett effektivt sätt underlätta integrering av tillverkning och organisation?</p><p>Undersökningen startade med observationer samt intervjuer på plats, men utförandet av en statistisk undersökning och en modell var nödvändig efter det att vi redan hade kopplat ihop arbetet med en redan accepterad modell. Reasultaten visar hur viktig den mänskliga faktorn samt exaktheten är i användandet av en MRP II. Den visar också att MRP II filosofin måste vara accepterad innan man kan använda MRP II mjukvaran på ett fördelaktigt sätt. Likväl har vi illustrerat den onda cirkeln som vårt företag måste försöka ta sig ur, försökt hitta den underliggande orsaken och slutligen att ge rekommendationer för att bryta den.</p>

Η παρούσα διατριβή στοχεύει να απαντήσει στο ερώτημα: «Ποιος είναι ο «Λόγος» για την ένταξη των ΤΠΕ στο εκπαιδευτικό πλαίσιο και τη διδασκαλία των Θετικών Επιστημών στην Ελλάδα» και αποτελεί προσέγγιση εκπαιδευτικών κειμένων. Η μελέτη θεωρητικά αναφέρεται στα γενικά χαρακτηριστικά, τις ευρύτερες απόψεις ένταξης των ΤΠΕ και σε μοντέλα ενσωμάτωσης των ΤΠΕ στην εκπαίδευση. Δεδομένα της έρευνας αποτελούν ενενήντα επτά κείμενα του ελληνικού, εκπαιδευτικού περιοδικού «Σύγχρονη Εκπαίδευση» που αναφέρονται στην ενσωμάτωση των ΤΠΕ στο εκπαιδευτικό πλαίσιο και τη διδασκαλία των Θετικών Επιστημών στην Ελλάδα στο χρονικό διάστημα 1984-2006. Η εμπειρική εργασία στηρίζεται σε μεγάλο μέρος στο θεωρητικό και μεθοδολογικό εργαλείο των Aviram&Tami (2004), στο πλαίσιο του οποίου οι απόψεις για την ενσωμάτωση των ΤΠΕ αναλύονται υπό το φως δύο παραμέτρων: των προσεγγίσεων και των τοποθετήσεων των συγγραφέων, οι οποίες από κοινού διαμορφώνουν μία μήτρα χαρτογράφησης του διατυπωμένου «λόγου». Επίσης, αξιοποιούνται και κάποιες θεωρητικές έννοιες του Foucault για το «λόγο» και του Bernstein για τον «παιδαγωγικό μηχανισμό» και τον «παιδαγωγικό λόγο». Εντός της πρώτης παραμέτρου, «των προσεγγίσεων», οι οποίες υιοθετούνται από τους συγγραφείς του υπό μελέτη υλικού, αναφορικά με τους στόχους της ενσωμάτωσης των ΤΠΕ στο εκπαιδευτικό πλαίσιο και τη διδασκαλία των Θετικών Επιστημών διαπιστώνεται η ύπαρξη έξη προσεγγίσεων. Οι συγγραφείς υιοθετούν Διοικητικές, Αναλυτικού Προγράμματος Σπουδών, Διδακτικές, Οργανωτικές, Πολιτιστικές και Ιδεολογικές Προσεγγίσεις. Εντός της δεύτερης παραμέτρου, «των τοποθετήσεων», τις οποίες ακολουθούν οι συγγραφείς αναφορικά με την έκταση και το επίπεδο των αλλαγών στις οποίες η ένταξη των ΤΠΕ μπορεί να οδηγήσει την εκπαίδευση, αναδεικνύεται η υιοθέτηση τεσσάρων διαφορετικών τοποθετήσεων: αγνωστικιστικών, συντηρητικών, μετριοπαθών και ριζοσπαστικών. Οι προκύπτοντες συνδυασμοί των προσεγγίσεων και των τοποθετήσεων των συγγραφέων περιγράφουν και αποκαλύπτουν το πλήθος των διαφορετικών και συχνά αντιτιθέμενων απόψεων, αλλά και εκείνων που είναι αδύνατο να παρουσιαστούν, στο συγκεκριμένο, δομολειτουργικό και συναινετικό περιβάλλον που κυριαρχεί στον ελληνικό εκπαιδευτικό χώρο. Η εργασία οδηγεί στην παρουσίαση ενός θεωρητικού μοντέλου περιγραφής όλων των απόψεων (τετριμμένων και καινοτόμων) που εμφανίζει ο μελετώμενος «λόγος» για την ένταξη των ΤΠΕ στο εκπαιδευτικό πλαίσιο και τη διδασκαλία των Θετικών Επιστημών στην Ελλάδα, στη χρονική περίοδο 1984-2006 και την ένταξή τους σε τρεις διαφορετικές «Προοπτικές Ενσωμάτωσης» των ΤΠΕ, που ουσιαστικά αντιπροσωπεύουν τρία διαφορετικά «Παραδείγματα». Καταδεικνύεται η αναμενόμενη κυριαρχία της «Τεχνοκρατικής Προοπτικής» ενσωμάτωσης των ΤΠΕ (ρυθμίσεις και αλλαγές, αγνωστικιστικού και συντηρητικού χαρακτήρα, σε επίπεδο διοικητικό, εκπαιδευτικού έργου και διδασκαλίας), όπως και η ισχυρή παρουσία της «Ολιστικής Προοπτικής» (συντηρητική και σπανιότερα ριζοσπαστική αποδόμηση των επερχόμενων της ένταξης των ΤΠΕ αλλαγών, σε επίπεδο πολιτιστικό και ιδεολογικό), προοπτικών που συνυπάρχουν σε όλη το μελετώμενη χρονική περίοδο, (1984-2006). Ωστόσο, ιδιαίτερα ενδιαφέρουσα καθίσταται η μετά το έτος 1997 σχετικά ήπια εμφάνιση και διατήρηση της «Μεταρρυθμιστικής Προοπτικής» ένταξης των ΤΠΕ στο εκπαιδευτικό πλαίσιο και τη διδασκαλία των Θετικών Επιστημών (δηλαδή της μεταρρυθμιστικής στροφής προς ένα δυναμικό, εναλλακτικό, διδακτικό παράδειγμα εποικοδομιστικής μάθησης) στο μελετώμενο «λόγο» στην Ελλάδα. / Τhe present thesis aims to answer the question: «What is the “Discourse” that stems from the integration of ICT, the educational context and the teaching of Natural Sciences in Greece», by studying educational “texts”. The study focuses theoretically on the general characteristics, the wider aspects of ICT integration and the derived ICT integration educational models. Ninety-seven texts published in the educational magazine "Modern Education" (ΣύγχρονηΕκπαίδευση), all referring to the integration of ICT in the educational context and teaching of science in Greece during the period 1984-2006, served as survey data. The empirical work is largely based on the theoretical and methodological tool of Aviram & Tami (2004), in which the views about the integration of ICT are characterized in the light of two parameters: the “approaches” and the “attitudes” of the authors, which combined form a matrix mapping the studied “Discourse”. In addition, the study exploits certain theoretical concepts described by Foucault concerning the “Discourse” and those by Bernstein concerning the “Pedagogical Device” and “Pedagogical Discourse”. Within the first parameter, “the approaches”, which are adopted by the authors of the study material, regarding the aims and/or the nature of the ICT integration in the educational context and teaching of Science, six distinct approaches are found. The authors adopt Administrative, Curricula, Didactic, Organizational, Cultural and Ideological approaches. Within the second parameter, “the attitudes”, followed by the authors, in reference to the kind and the level of change that the merging of ICT with education will, or should lead to, four different attitudes emerged: Agnostic, Conservative, Moderate and Radical. The resulting combinations of approaches and attitudes of the authors describe and reveal the existence of highly varying different and often conflicting views, including those that cannot be identified in the specific, functional and consensual environment that dominates the Greek educational “champ”. The study proposes a novel theoretical model describing all views (trivial and innovative) as revealed by the envisaged “Discourse” by classifying them according to three different “Integration Prospects”, three essentially different “Paradigms”. The anticipated prevalence of the "Technocratic Perspective” integration of ICT (settings and changes, agnostics and conservative nature, in terms of administration, educational work and teaching), as well as the strong presence of the coexisting “Holistic Perspective”(conservative and rarely radical deconstruction of the upcoming integration of ICT changes on cultural and ideological bases) throughout the studied period (1984-2006), is demonstrated. Interestingly, from 1997 onwards, the “Reformistic Perspective” appears and is maintained throughout the studied period (that is a reform shift to the dynamic, alternative, instructive example of constructivist learning).

Informacinių ir komunikacinių technologijų (IKT) įtakota ugdymo technologijų raida pakeitė visų sričių, tarp jų ir matematikos ugdymo turinį. Konstruktyvistinę mokymosi paradigmą, pagrindinius šiuolaikinius didaktinius matematikos mokymo principus – suprantamumą, sąmoningą ir aktyvų žinių perėmimą, vaizdumą, mokymo diferencijavimą, individualizavimą ir kt. – gali įgyvendinti tik atitinkamos kompetencijos matematikos mokytojai. Šalies pedagogų kompiuterinio raštingumo standarto, numatančio mokytojų gebėjimus naudoti IKT ugdymo procese, vienas iš reikalavimų yra „Žinoti pagrindinių ugdymui naudojamų kompiuterinių programų tipus, gebėti analizuoti jų privalumus ir trūkumus. Mokėti pritaikyti svarbiausias bendrosios paskirties ir mokomąsias kompiuterines programas ugdymo procese“. Šio bendro reikalavimo taikymas matematikos mokymui – tai ne tik sudėtingų matematikai taikytinų technologijų žinojimo ir įvaldymo, bet ir gebėjimų tinkamai taikyti jas matematikos mokyme reikalavimas. Informacinių technologijų (IT) ištakos yra pirmosiose skaičiavimo mašinose, kurios buvo kurtos spręsti taikomuosius matematikos uždavinius. Ir asmeninių kompiuterių (AK) pirmoji paskirtis buvo matematinių uždavinių sprendimas. Todėl matematikai skirtų šiuolaikinių technologijų yra žymiai daugiau, negu taikytinų kituose moksluose. Dar daugiau, yra programų sistemų, kuriose, atrodo, realizuota visa matematika: jos ne tik skaičiuoja, pertvarko, prastina, vaizduoja, bet ir sprendžia specifinius bene visų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The survey summarizes investigations of the author on the technological tools and their educational features applicable to mathematics. The purpose of the investigations is enhancement of the technological and educational competence of mathematics teachers. The main problems of the investigation are: characterization of the main technological tools applicable in mathematics at the university level, description which abilities, knowledge, and skills of application in teaching comprise the technological and educational ICT competence of a contemporary mathematician. Development of educational technologies, influenced by information and communication technologies (ICT), has changed the content of all spheres of education, and the content of mathematical education among them. A constructivist paradigm of learning, the main didactic principles of mathematics teaching: understanding, conscious and active acquiring of knowledge, visualization, differentiation and individualization of learning, etc., can realize only mathematics teachers of the adequate competence. The Standard of Computer Literacy of educators in Lithuania provides abilities of teachers to apply ICT in educational process. One of the requirements is “To know the main types of computer programmes useful for education, to have the ability to analyze their merits and demerits, to apply them in the educational process”. The application of the general requirement in teaching mathematics means not only the knowledge and... [to full text]

<p>This mini-thesis attempts to explain the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure in public schools in the Western Cape. The mini-thesis uses the case study as research design to explore aspects such as the motivation for using ICT, funding models, infrastructure models, ICT curriculum integration and teacher development. In order to gather data on the above, interviews and observations are used as research tools. The study begins with the exploration of the history of ICT infrastructure in South African schools and subsequently an international perspective is added through the literature review. Officials and teachers of the Western Cape Education Department (WCED) were interviewed to obtain their perspectives and a school was visited to observe procured ICT infrastructure. The results revealed that the WCED is using the Khanya project to deliver an ICT infrastructure to schools and to provide facilitation in the integration of ICT into the curriculum. It further showed that due to the rapid change in technology, Khanya had to adapt the hardware configuration on a regular basis and that this put considerable strain on and already small budget for ICT. The challenge that emerged is the lack of adequate ICT training for teachers. This could potentially hamper the integration of ICT and if not addressed, could serious hamper the WCED in its quest to deliver a technology based curriculum. The study concludes with conclusions drawn for the data as well as recommendations for effective ICT integration.</p>

<p>This research was undertaken to propose a model for eLearning adoption in Higher Education in Africa and to identify and empirically test measures to assess the model. The model identified eLearning, individual and organisational factors affecting eLearning adoption in higher education. eLearning factors were deemed to be aligned with the individual and organisational factors and therefore, the measurement of individual and organisational factors of eLearning adoption is essential in determining the current state, and future development that could enhance eLearning adoption in higher education. This study is a first attempt in Africa to define and present a conceptualization of an eLearning adoption framework. The framework is a combination of frameworks and models from various disciplines, including social psychology, information systems, anthropology, sociology, education, communication, marketing, management, geography, economics and cognitive psychology. These frameworks for eLearning adoption in Higher Education are synergised and contextualised in the study.</p>

<p>This paper is inspired by the ills borne out of the internet. The internet has become a modern day tool for criminals seeking to conceal the proceeds derived from their crime, hence the&nbsp / problematic notion of cyberlaundering. This paper journeys through the world of cyberlaundering by looking into the structure of the crime in great depth. It explores various possibilities, and tries to hatch out viable solutions to the dilemma.</p>

<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt / line-height:150% / font-family:&quot / Times New Roman&quot / ,&quot / serif&quot / ">The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) both in the General Education and Training (GET) and Further Education and Training (FET) bands is viewed as an innovative tool in enhancing a learner-centered approach to teaching and learning.&nbsp / As a result, a number of schools in rural and urban environments in South Africa have been provided with computers and other digital resources to facilitate teaching and learning. This study investigated the use of ICT in the teaching and learning of English First Additional Language (FAL) at Grade 10 level. It set out to discover digital resources and literacies to which teachers and learners were exposed in the English (FAL) classroom, and how these resources were used to enhance learners&rsquo / reading and writing skills. Following a qualitative research design, this study made use of classroom observations and interviews to collect data from teachers and Grade 10 learners. The collected evidence was from a single school which uses Khanya Project ICT materials.&nbsp / The school is located in one of the disadvantaged black townships in Cape Town. The study made use of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) theory and the constructivist theoretical framework to make sense of classroom interaction and the extent to which ICT and other teaching strategies were used to facilitate acquisition of English language skills, particularly reading and writing. The findings of the study show that there are a number of factors influencing ICT integration in Grade 10 English (FAL).&nbsp / These factors include teachers&rsquo / and learners&rsquo / limited access to ICT and digital literacy.&nbsp / Other factors relate to pedagogy and support in the use of ICT in teaching and learning.&nbsp / All the identified factors indicate that there are a number of barriers to ICT integration in English teaching and learning.&nbsp / The study concludes that ICT use has great potential in providing creativity and innovativeness to facilitate language teaching and learning. Given the lack of adequate ICT resources and under-utilization of ICT resources in disadvantaged schools, there is a need to improve teacher and learner access to ICT, especially in disadvantaged schools.&nbsp / This could be done through monitored support and adequate teacher training and active involvement of higher education institutions through teacher training programmes which should prioritize ICT integration in their curricula.&nbsp / <br type="_moz" /> </span></p>

Elektroninė atskirtis yra natūralus procesas, kuris atsiranda su naujomis galimybėmis. Ne visi žmonės turi vienodas galimybes naudotis IRT prieinama informacija ir paslaugomis. Dažnai labiausiai pažeidžiamos socialinės grupės (neįgalieji, pagyvenę žmonės, mažiau išsilavinę, emigrantai, imigrantai ir kt.) neturi tokių galimybių kaip kiti naudotis IRT bei jų teikiama nauda, ir tampa atskirti nuo informacinės visuomenės, o tai skatina šių grupių socialinę atskirtį bei didina diskriminaciją. Elektroninė įtrauktis – tai veikla, kurią vykdant siekiama sudaryti galimybes visiems pageidaujantiems žmonėms visapusiškai dalyvauti informacinėje visuomenėje, nepaisant asmeninių ar socialinių kliūčių. Vykdant el. įtraukties politiką siekiama socialinio teisingumo, užtikrinant lygybę žinių visuomenėje. El. įtrauktis yra vienas iš inicijuotos ES programos “i2010 – Europos informacinė visuomenė augimui ir užimtumui skatinti” prioritetų, norint pagerinti žmonių kasdieninio gyvenimo kokybę, kovai su diskriminacija, sukuriant naujas įsidarbinimo galimybes, naudojantis įvairia informacija bei paslaugomis. Norint vykdyti atskirtų socialinių grupių el. įtrauktį, pirmiausia reikia apibrėžti grupes žmonių, kurioms labiausiai gresia el. atskirtis, pažymint tokių grupių amžių, gyvenamąją vietą, lytį, kompiuterinį raštingumą, el. įgūdžius, bei nustatyti, kokiomis priemonėmis reiktų šią atskirtį sumažinti. Šio tiriamojo darbo tikslas – atlikti Lietuvos piliečių nuomonės dėl tolimesnės el. įtraukties... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / E-inclusion is one of the main duty of society which aspires to be the Information Society. The essence of e-inclusion is an adaptation of all participants to new reality where everyone thanks to Information and Communication technologies (ICT) can take part in wider society. The main goal of this work: to define social groups of people, which are particularly threatened with exclusion in Lithuania and what course of action should be chosen to include them. To compare if European IT specialists and citizens have the same opinion for future e-inclusion policy at European level. It is going to achieve the main goal through the completion of the following tasks: · To point main e-inclusion problems and international targets to solve it ; · To see how these problems have been solved in Eastern Europe over 2007 year. · To make a survey in Lithuania which results would define social groups of people which are particularly threatened with exclusion and what course of action should be chosen to include them · To compare the results with similar surveys in Europe and Poland to see if European IT specialists have the same opinion as Lithuanian and Polish citizens for the future e-inclusion policy.

Gabon is a Sub-Saharan francophone country which has been independent since August 1960. Its Educational System is modelled on the French System. However, the Gabonese Education System currently does not have any guidelines or policies for the system-wide implementation, integration and use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into the education system. The Gabonese Government committed itself to some ICT-related partnerships, but did not launch any programme or activity relating to those commitments. In addition, the Government provided funding to change the country’s Internet connectivity by satellite with the WASC/SAT3 sub-marine cable in order to make Internet access and connection ten times cheaper at the international level. Unfortunately, the benefit from this investment is not experienced in the country as the potential users, such as teachers, keep having challenges with Internet connection. After fifty years of independence, the government also does not offer sufficient opportunity for teachers to enhance their pedagogical knowledge and skill through teacher professional development (TPD). As a result, no research, guidelines or policies exist for the implementation and use of Open Distance Learning (ODL) for TPD supported by ICT. The aim of this qualitative descriptive exploratory research study was to explore, describe and understand the enablers and challenges of initiating ICT in the ODL training of Gabonese in-service teachers. Although the academic seat for this research was the School of Continuing Teacher Education on the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University in South Africa, the research project’s focus, conceptualisation, data-collection and data-interpretation were all based and conducted within the researcher’s heimat, i.e. the Gabonese Education System context. An interactive qualitative casestudy research design (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005; Merriam, 1998) was used in this investigation to obtain in-depth context sensitive data concerning the attitudes, fears, needs, expectations, infrastructure and readiness of the Gabonese Education teachers (at schools and training institutions) for the implementation and use of ICT for ODL training of Gabonese English (second language) teachers, collected through qualitative research methods, i.e. semi-structured open-ended individual and focusgroup interviews, as well as additional research artefacts in the form of photographs to visually record the unique contexts involved. The researcher decided to involve Gabonese English (second language) teachers in the investigation, as he has worked in this discipline for at least twenty years. To ensure sufficient participants, the researcher made use of a snowball strategy where participants in the research referred others. Participants were also selected according to specific selection criteria. Two English (second language) teachers, one school principal, four ICT specialists, one advisor of English teachers, and one inspector of English teachers (ICT specialist) participated in eight individual interviews. Nine English teachers and two advisors of English teachers participated in four focus-group interviews. All interviews were conducted in French. At the North-West University in South Africa, the researcher transcribed the interview data and used ATLAS.ti™ (qualitative data-analysis software) to construct an integrated data-set for analysis. Qualitative data-analysis was performed under the guidance of an expert researcher in qualitative data-analysis. The relevant research findings were translated into English for the purpose of this report. Qualitative data-analysis of the integrated data-set identified six categories of data related to three themes, i.e. (i) Gabonese Education, (ii) ICT in Gabon and (iii) ODL in Gabon. The six categories are: (i) Challenges of Gabonese Education, (ii) Enablers of Gabonese Education, (iii) Challenges to implementation and integration of ICT, (iv) Enablers of ICT; (v) Challenges of ODL, and (vi) Enablers of ODL. These categories supported by codes and quotations provide basic ideas on the research enablers and challenges of initiating ICT in ODL training of Gabonese in-service teachers. The discussion comprises thirty codes, and recommendations are made. The findings of this rich qualitative exploration could benefit and support the Gabonese Education Department, policy makers and academic institutions in their quest to implement, integrate and use ICT in the TPD of in-service teachers via DE and ODL. / Thesis (MEd (Curriculum Development))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.