The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) in order to contribute the acceptance of Hospital Management Systems in hospitals. The study also aims to extend the TAM by adding external variables. Thereby the relationships between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and external TAM factors and how these relationships will affect the behavioral intention to use the technology will be determined. In this study quantitative research methods are used. Quantitative research comprises from a questionnaire which is tested in Turkish government hospitals by hospital personnel, physicians, nurses, technicians and administrative personnel. After collection of data from quantitative research the analysis of the data was conducted. The findings of the analysis gave the significant relationships between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, behavioral intention and external variables. In conclusion this study points out the effects and the compatibility of the critical factors of TAM on the user acceptance of Hospital Management Systems in Turkish hospitals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate students&rsquo / social networking sites (SNSs) involvement, students&rsquo / involvement of Facebook as course management system (CMS) in face-to-face course, students&rsquo / acceptance of Facebook, students&rsquo / motivations, students&rsquo / achievements, and their relationships. The study, used Facebook as CMS, was conducted in a private university with 42 participants in two different freshman courses. Maximum variation sampling was employed in selecting 12 students for interview. Mixed method was employed as part of an action-research approach. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were utilized to thoroughly analyze Facebook use as CMS. Quantitative data were collected through three questionnaires about Facebook acceptance, motivation to the course and involvement of Facebook and course Facebook page. The qualitative data were collected through both individual interviews and discussion posts of course Facebook page. The quantitative data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, and correlation analyses. Coding schemes were used to both find the depth-of-discussion posts and convert qualitative data into quantitative data. The results stated that students&rsquo / SNSs involvement, students&rsquo / acceptance of Facebook, students&rsquo / motivations, students&rsquo / achievements and their relationships were different according to the taken course. Possible reasons of the differences of utilization and engagement in the course activities were clarified in the study. Results support that students and instructors could benefit from Facebook usage in learning and teaching. Most of the participants believed the value of having CMSs in all courses. Moreover, they preferred Facebook as CMS to communicate easily, to increase their active participation and interactions in their courses.

Abstract Following the vigorous development of the information and internet technology, the National Tax Administrations are now facing the challenges from the changes of the inner and outer environment. Due to the update of the information operating platform as well as the drive of e-government from the Executive Yuan, the government officials need to have abilities to learn new information technology; otherwise, they will fail to be qualified on their jobs. However, there are not too many studies about the degree of acceptance of officials on learning new technology. It is necessary to provide an approach to figure out acceptance degree of officials for information technology. We provide an integrated model called the Technology Acceptance Model on government officials. The model incorporates a wide variety of important factors into a theoretical framework provided by "Technology Acceptance Model, TAM" (Davis, 1989) and "Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB" (Ajzen, 1985). We collect data from a sample of staffs of the five local tax administrations and we analyze the data using the Structural Equation Modeling. The results of this research indicate that essential factors and show what factors affect the behavior of the government officials on accepting new technology and e-government. In addition, the model provides a good fit because of fit indices and explanatory powers for behavior. That is, we can use the model to predict the officials¡¦ behavior on using tax information system.

In recent years, the growth of Internet¡¦s popularity and prosperity not only brings about people¡¦s intention to utilize Internet service, but also enhances the attractiveness of e-commerce. Many entrepreneurs spot how usages of Internet can benefit their business due to its main advantages, such as low cost and fast reaction. As the result, besides the traditional retail sales and leaguers, many other businesses gradually started to adopt Internet as a mean to interact with their customers, including online shopping and other services. On the other hand, for customers, it is extremely convenient to simply sit in front of their desktops, look through catalogs, and buy what they like with several simple clicks on their computer screens. Because of the convenience of online store, more and more people started trying this modern way of shopping. The purpose of this study is to investigate what external factors would affect online shoppers¡¦ intention to purchase items online, and how various available items influence shoppers¡¦ intention to buy things through Internet. The result of the study shows that internet shoppers¡¦ intention to purchase items online is directly proportional to the products¡¦ digitalized degree, network readiness index, and geographical factors; inverse related to the information richness and technology acceptance. Moreover, there are also significant differences in ratios of online shopping among various countries and products.

The e-learning system is one of many educational methods that allow flexible learner-centered education. It is also an information system based on the Internet. Hence, the increasing use of the e-learning has provided an inter-disciplinary research opportunity to information systems and educational engineering fields. But the benefits of an e-learning are subjected to the organization¡¦s learning environments, readiness and the acceptance of self-directed users. In other words, self-directed learning (SDL) is a prerequisite to e-learning success. It is important to evaluate the readiness of self-directed users and their acceptance of e-learning system. This paper focuses on examining the applicability of both the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) in explaining adult self-directed users¡¦ acceptance of e-learning system in a blended learning context. The combination of user groups (adult learners), the technology (e-learning system), and the context (blended learning in a higher education institution) is new to IT acceptance researches. The purpose of this research is to shed light on more effective ways to motivate part-time adult learners to use e-learning system in a higher education institution. This study extends both the TAM and UTAUT models with self-directed learning (SDL) concepts. A questionnaire was developed based on previous works in the areas of technology acceptance and SDL. Based on responses from 433 adult blended learners, both SDL-based TAM and UTAUT models were evaluated in terms of overall fit, explanatory power, and their causal links. Overall, findings suggest that TAM may be more appropriate than UTAUT for examining high SDLRS score user group¡¦s e-learning acceptance behaviour; UTAUT may provide e-learning designers and management teams some crucial suggestions to enhance low SDLRS score users¡¦ system utilization. This study also asserts that the successful transition to an e-learning environment requires that the self-directed learners be actively encouraged and supported by their organizations. Results of this study provide reliable and valid SDL-based TAM and UTAUT instruments for organizations to determine whether their learners had the necessary skills for SDL-based blended learning before investing huge budget and time in a large-scale e-learning project. As more organizations experiment with e-learning systems, the SDL-based TAM and UTAUT models could be used to (a) assess the degree of users¡¦ self-directed readiness before e-learning implementation; and (b) evaluate the factors affecting users¡¦ acceptance of new e-learning system and provide useful remedies for improving system utilization rate after e-learning implementation.

The time for WIMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is coming. Wireless network, a major trend of urban development nowadays, has become a part of modern life. In addition, all the countries have put emphasis on the application of information technology in the field of education. Thus, Ministry of Education in Taiwan actively promotes how to integrate information technology into teaching. In order to combine policies with the development of technology industry, building a wireless teaching environment in junior high schools is now a benchmark of becoming a clever mobile city for Kaohsiung City. As the prosperity of wireless network technology, mobile learning is now the main stream of the ubiquitous society; that is, utilizing modern technology into teaching has become a trend. This research takes the teachers major in humanities and art and the executive directors in the junior high schools in Kaohsiung City as an object of study, probing into the completion of building wireless teaching environments in these schools, the application of wireless network for teaching in the field of humanities and art, and the information literacy in connection with the will to utilize such technology of these teachers. This research bases on Davis¡¦s Technology Acceptance Model, probing into the usefulness, the ease of use and the will to use of teaching with the wireless network with the construction of the wireless environment in the campus and the information literacy of the teachers by the questionnaires. It adopts SPSS15.0 for Windows as well as Amos 7.0 systems to analyze the data and Structural Equation Modeling to proceed to the causal path analysis of the research structure, testing the causal relationship of each variable in this research. At the same time, it uses the data from the questionnaires and the interviews to mutually confirm the conclusion. According to this research, there are five conclusions: 1¡BGender, the seniority of teaching, the function of office and the scale of the school will affect the usefulness, the ease of use, the will to use and the information literacy of teaching with the wireless network. 2¡BSo far the construction of wireless environment of the junior high schools in Kaohsiung city is still not perfect; specifically, only few schools can expand wireless access points by themselves while other schools still maintain 5 access points offered by the Education Bureau. Thus, the access points are installed only in the conference rooms or the special-function classrooms; they are insufficient for the normal classrooms. 3¡BThe teachers in the field of humanities and art generally use internet resources to teach, but many of them can not directly teach on the internet owing to the insufficiency of wireless environment. 4¡BThe information literacy of the teachers has a notably positive effect on the usefulness, the ease of use and the will to use of teaching with the wireless network. 5¡BThe effectiveness of how WIMAX influence the completion of building wireless teaching environment in junior high schools is not so obvious.

<p>The rise of the streaming music services and the decreasing importance of physical distribution is an inevitable change that the industry has been facing, which is resulting from the so-called internet revolution over the past few years. Through years, the music business has already shifted to online platform with the birth of file sharing. Today, a generation who had grown up digital came to age. Members of this generation have different consumption habits than before, and have different motives toward consumption.</p><p>The consumer behavior of this group was examined at different stages of the digital revolution during last decade. However, although there is a wide number of researches have examined online consumer behavior and the adoption file-sharing technologies, no study investigated the use of streaming music services. Therefore, in order to understand the changing consumption behavior of the net generation music consumers, and to under-stand the use of streaming music services, this study extends the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to account the streaming music services. A questionnaire based empirical study was administrated among the users of Sweden based streaming music service Spotify. Results confirm that there is a significant relationship between users‟ perceived usefulness of service use, and their attitude toward using and their behavioral intention to use. In addition, it is also confirmed by the results that advertisement/charge, flow, and social influence are effective in explaining the motives of users‟, and the use of streaming music services. Furthermore, according to the findings of the study streaming music services have a positive effect on decreasing the music piracy.</p>

<p>På några år har användningen av IP-telefoni inom svenska företag tredubblats och vi börjar nu se ett attitydskifte gentemot en teknik som länge dragits med dåligt rykte på grund av kvalitetsbrister.</p><p>IP-telefoni är ett resultat av att data- och telefonikommunikation vävs samman och att kapaciteten i nätverken ökar. Detta medför att man genom att införa IP-telefoni kan genomföra kostnadsbesparingar och effektivisering. Men tekniken erbjuder även ökad funktionalitet och därmed även mervärde för organisationer som använder IP-telefoni. Inser organisationer detta och utnyttjar man fördelarna med tekniken för att skapa acceptans inom organisationen?</p><p>Syftet är att undersöka vilka faktorer som motiverar en övergång från kretskopplad telefoni till IP-telefoni, och hur man inom en organisation skapar acceptans för den nya tekniken.</p><p>Syftet har uppfyllts genom en kvalitativ studie som byggt på semi-standardiserade intervjuer. Studien genomfördes hos fyra svenska organisationer som implementerat en ”ren” IP-telefonilösning med IP-växel och hårdvarutelefoner.</p><p>Resultatet av studien visar att det är vanligt att utnyttja en större händelse som startskott för implementationen. Detta kan röra sig om en flytt eller en renovering av organisationens lokaler. De främsta orsakerna till att man väljer IP-telefoni har visat sig vara kostnadsbesparingar, effektivisering av nätverksinfrastrukturen samt att man ser tekniken som en investering för framtiden. Det har visat sig att de företag som genomfört en grundlig studie av IP-telefoni som teknik, inledningsvis har identifierat fler fördelar med tekniken.</p><p>Vidare har studien även visat att organisationer upplever ett initialt motstånd till förändringen från anställda och att detta motstånd ofta uppkommer i anknytning till tekniska problem som uppstår i samband med implementationen.</p><p>Det är mycket ovanligt att organisationer har en speciell fas för att skapa acceptans för förändringen, vilket troligtvis beror på att man ser användandet som liknande med traditionell PSTN-telefoni och att resurser istället läggs på att lösa tekniska problem.</p> / <p>Over the last few years there has been a threefold increase in the use of IP telephony within Swedish companies. We are now beginning to see a change in attitude towards a technology that thanks to poor Quality of Service has been struggling with a bad reputation. IP telephony is a result of computer and telephone networks being con-verged, and by doing this, costs can be saved and efficiency boosted. But the technology does also offer increased functionality and thereby added value to the organisations using it. But do organisations realize this, and do they exploit the benefits of the technology in order to create acceptance for it within the organisation?</p><p>The purpose is to examine what the motivating factors are for a transition from PSTN telephony to IP telephony, and also to study how acceptance for the new technology is created within the organisation.</p><p>The purpose has been fulfilled by conducting a qualitative study based on semi-standardized interviews. The study has been conducted at four Swedish organisations that have implemented a "pure" IP telephony solution including IP gateways and IP telephones.</p><p>The result of the study shows that it is common to use a "big event" as a starting block for the implementation. This could be a relocation or the restoration of an office building. The main reason for choosing IP telephony is the fact that convergence cuts costs, boosts efficiency, and that organisations see IP telephony as an investment for the future. We have noticed that organisations that conduct a thorough study of IP telephony have identified more functional advantages with the technology.</p><p>Furthermore, the study has shown that organisations experience initial resistance from users, and that this resistance often arises in connection to technical problems that transpire during the implementation.</p><p>It is rare for organisations to have special phase for creation of acceptance, which most likely is due to the fact that organisations see the use of IP telephony as similar to the use of traditional PSTN telephony, and that resources instead are being placed on solving technical problems</p>

The two longitudinal case studies that make up this dissertation sought to explain and predict the relationship between usability and clinician acceptance of a health information system. The overall aim of the research study was to determine what role usability plays in the acceptance or rejection of systems used by clinicians in a healthcare context. The focus was on the end users (the clinicians) rather than the views of the system designers and managers responsible for implementation and the clients of the clinicians. A mixed methods approach was adopted that drew on both qualitative and quantitative research methods. This study followed the implementation of a community health information system from early beginnings to its established practice. Users were drawn from different health service departments with distinctly different organisational cultures and attitudes to information and communication technology used in this context. This study provided evidence that a usability analysis in this context would not necessarily be valid when the users have prior reservations on acceptance. Investigation was made on the initial training and post-implementation support together with a study on the nature of the clinicians to determine factors that may influence their attitude. This research identified that acceptance of a system is not necessarily a measure of its quality, capability and usability, is influenced by the user’s attitude which is determined by outside factors, and the nature and quality of training. The need to recognise the limitations of the current methodologies for analysing usability and acceptance was explored to lay the foundations for further research.

The evolvement of digital reporting has changed the way financial information is prepared and disseminated (Debreceny and Gray, 200 1 ). Previous research has shown that digital reporting has increased, particularly in the last five years, and this usage is characterised by greater volumes of business and financial information over that traditionally provided in print-based mode (Smith, 2003). The new opportunities and benefits offered by digital reporting are matched by challenges and implications not only for the preparers and auditors but also for users. It is expected that in the near future, financial reporting will move entirely from the primarily print-based mode to digital-based mode as the primary information dissemination channel (Oyelere et aI., 2003; Fisher et aI., 2004). Research in the area of digital reporting has been conducted in the past decade. Within this research, a considerable number of issues have been raised. These issues relate to various parties, such as policy makers, preparers, auditors, system designers and users. While several research questions and hypotheses concerning these parties have been posed and investigated, most of the research questions and hypotheses have been formed from a preparers' perspective, leaving the examination of issues from a users' perspective largely unexplored. This study focuses on users. It examines the effect of presentation formats on decision makers' performance in relation to decision quality, perceptions and cognitive information processing in the digital reporting environment. It aims to extend the digital reporting literature. This study extends the existing body of knowledge on digital reporting environment in several ways. First, this study examines the effect of presentation formats on the quality of users' decision making. This study follows Kleinmuntz and Schkade (1993) who described 'decision quality' in the context of two cost-benefit dimensions in relation to decision makers' cognitive processes, namely decision accuracy and cognitive effort. Decision accuracy reflects the ability of a strategy to produce an accurate outcome while cognitive effort reflects the total cognitive expenditure incurred in completing a task. Second, this study examines users' perceptions of three digital presentation formats: PDF, HTML and XBRL. This study compares subjects' perceptions of usefulness and ease of use of the three presentation formats with their actual outcome. It also includes examining whether perceptions are an important factor in influencing preferred presentation format. Finally, this study examines whether digital presentation formats address the concern over functional fixation in the accounting context of 'recognition versus disclosure' in the reporting of financial information. This study used public accounting practitioners in New Zealand as participants. Sixty two subjects participated in the experiment, which involves an experiment exercise and a post experiment questionnaire. The results indicate that presentation formats impact on decision accuracy. This finding is consistent with previous studies conducted using non-digital presentation formats such as tabular and graphical in the psychology and information systems literature (Stock and Watson, 1984; Dickson et aI., 1986; Iselin, 1988; DeSanctis and Jarvenpaa, 1989; Mackay and Villareal, 1987; Hard and Vanacek, 1991; Stone and Schkade, 1991; Anderson and Kaplan, 1992; Bricker and Nehmer, 1995; Ramarapu et aI., 1997; Frownfelter-Lohrke, 1998; Almer et aI., 2003). The results, however, indicate that presentation formats do not impact decision makers' cognitive effort. These findings suggest that preparers, standardsetters and regulatory bodies should recognise that presentation format impacts on users' decision making processes and select appropriate formats that lead to improvement in decision making. Additionally, the results indicate that users' perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use of the reporting technologies are similar across the three presentation formats. The results also show that users' perceptions do not necessary correspond to actual performance. Users' perceptions are found to influence their preferred presentation format. The findings of this study provide useful insights on users' perceptions, performances and preferences of the digital presentation formats. Such results provide a holistic and comprehensive view of the importance of perceptions and the effect of presentation formats on decision makers' performance. This is particularly relevant since if more advanced forms of digital reporting are to be encouraged, then there is also the need for users to be made more aware of the benefits to be gained from the different forms of presentation. Finally, the results show that of the four recognised stages of information processing (i.e. acquisition, evaluation, weighting and judging information), functional fixation is found to only exist at the judgment stage. However, the effect of presentation format is only significant at information evaluation stage. The results indicate that the interaction between presentation formats and placement of information does not affect decision makers' information processing. This suggests that presentation formats do not solve the concern about recognition versus disclosure (functional fixation) in information processing stages. These fmdings are not consistent with Hodge et al. (2004) but are consistent with Luft and Shields (2001) who suggest functional fixation could not be alleviated because the accounting itself would affect the allocation of people's attention. This study extends the literature on presentation format by examining the quality of decision making arising from the use of different presentation formats in a digital reporting environment. It provides evidence that users' perceptions of ease of use of a presentation format do not necessarily correspond to their actual performance (cognitive effort) once a particular task has been performed. This study also provides evidence that the acceptance of a technology is highly dependent on the perceptions of that technology. Therefore, limited knowledge and appreciation of the capabilities of a technology may have the undesired effect of deterring use of the technology although it may improve performance.