歷史上出現許多既有領導企業被新興企業取代的例子，其背後的原因一直引起高度興趣。Christensen (1997)提出的破壞性科技 (disruptive technology)觀念為此現象提供一個解釋的方向。自破壞性創新的提出以來，已有眾多學者投入相關研究探討，但至今尚無一個廣泛被學界所接受且可適用於不同產業的模型，因此仍迫切需要更多的研究投入和實務驗證。評估破壞性創新的困難，就如預測未來般充滿著不確定性。對既有企業而言，藉由評估破壞性創新，可以對即將面對的衝擊早一步採取因應措施，使競爭優勢得以維持；對新興企業而言，評估破壞性創新即是找出成長的利基，並可依此進入主流市場甚至擊倒既有領導企業。 有鑑於評估破壞性創新的重要性和困難度，本研究提出評估成功的破壞性創新時應考量的關鍵構面，包含創新提供的性能對應於主流市場的需求、低價格或創造新的價值、市場擴散速度、以及社會環境。本研究以VoIP產業為破壞性創新個案來驗證各項構面。研究結果顯示PSTN的通話品質和功能已超過既有需求，讓VoIP有進入低階市場的機會。同時現階段VoIP的通話品質已可滿足大眾主流市場的需求，並提供較便宜的解決方案。尤其對既有網路人口而言，VoIP不僅是便宜且簡易的解決方案，更提供了多項應用服務的整合。VoIP破壞性創新正在市場上快速擴散，尤其在美國與歐洲等地區。透過評估構面的提出，使評估成功的破壞性創新能以更系統化的方式進行。評估構面的提出可為未來完整模型的建立提供一個發展方向，同時提供一個分析創新潛力的方法，產業界可以依據分析後的結果擬定相關策略。

M. Tech. (Information Technology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences) Vaal University of Technology / A reliable and efficient information system (IS) is critical for Eskom so that it is able to manage and meet its energy demands. A reliable power supply provides stakeholders with the confidence that supply of power is managed sustainably, effectively and efficiently. Thus, an information system is integral in the effective and efficient generation, distribution and transmission of electricity. The purpose of the study was to investigate IS evaluation criteria and to develop a comprehensive framework that will serve as basis for IS evaluation across Eskom. The research study additionally investigated IS evaluation methods and instruments that are currently used in Eskom. This study produced an information systems success evaluation framework. The proposed model was built by reviewing well-established information systems success models and information systems theories found in the literature. This research study followed the interpretive research paradigm combining it with qualitative case study. The research findings linked information systems success to top management support, change management process and information quality. The findings of the study alsorevealed that quality of IS department’s service as perceived by users can greatly influence IS success. The results of this study provided enlightening reference benefit for Eskom, which was in line with Eskom’s goal of improving business processes, efficiencies and eliminating waste.

Thesis (M.Com. (Development Theory and Policy))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Economic and Business Sciences, 2016. / Many ICT projects continue to fail despite the use of established projects methods and techniques as the proper communication systems required for successful project outcomes have been lacking. It is generally believed that the adoption and diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) makes a contribution to a nation‟s economic and sustainable development. The explosion of social media is changing the way we communicate and therefore the processes involving project management information systems. Research shows that as technology usage lags, so does per capita income, skills development and productivity. Despite much global literature that relates to the failure of ICT projects, what is absent from the literature is knowledge of the relative contribution of different factors to ICT project success in the South African context. This study sought to address this absence. From a review of the literature on social media tools and knowledge sharing and reuse, four propositions relating the use of social media and adoption of certain knowledge management practices to the success of ICT projects were generated about the likely impact of these variables on ICT project performance. The research study was conducted over twenty-month effort. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. The qualitative study based on a grounded theory analysis of ICT professionals, derived propositions that were tested empirically. Bivariate correlation analysis, multiple linear regressions and multiple hierarchical regression analyses were applied. Results indicated that knowledge management adoption mediates the relationship between social media usage and ICT project cost performance. Additionally project type was found to play a moderating role in the relationship between knowledge management and project performance. Implications for practice and theory are discussed.

A new administrative scenario - the virtual office - emerged in organisations because of the influence of technological developments that drastically changed the traditional office scenario. The virtual office is a worksite that is situated outside of the traditional office, where people still do the work associated with a traditional office, whilst maintaining their status as full-time employees. Although telework has been practiced internationally for several decades, it is a new concept in South Africa with only a few large organisations embarking on telework. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which organisations in trade and industry are aware of and comply with the required policies, regulations and legislation in terms of ergonomics, technology and health in the e-environment. The preferred kind of telework and information and communication technologies for the South African context was determined. The study investigated the prevalence and extent of health and wellness aspects that teleworkers could be exposed to in the e-environment. The role that ergonomics could play in the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders that could lead to compensation claims and other legal actions was investigated. The elements that could ensure the successful implementation of a telework programme were identified and were presented as a conceptual telework framework. Within the parameters of applied research, a descriptive quantitative research design has been followed. The mode of enquiry followed in this research was a quantitative, non-experimental, survey method. A baseline study has been conducted followed by an empirical study using two structured online questionnaires, one for managers of teleworkers and one for teleworking employees. The findings indicated that although the policies, regulations and legislation existed, organisations did not diligently comply with it. The lack of training for the managers and teleworkers on the applicable policies and legislation caused concern. The application of ergonomic specifications on the use of equipment, furniture and services at the preferred home office, is mainly done to avoid ergonomic risk factors that may lead to the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Although teleworkers suffered from disorders, there was a lack of knowledge on ergonomic interventions and on the processes to claim compensation. The need for an instrument that will assist organisations to implement telework successfully has been identified. Therefore, a conceptual telework framework that provides a structure of the elements that need to be in place to implement a telework programme successfully has been proposed. / Business Management / D. Admin. (Business Management)

O agronegócio, a cada dia recebe incremento de novas tecnologias, o que lhe confere lugar de destaque no Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do Brasil. Tal como qualquer outra atividade humana, os setores agrícola e pecuário são geradores de resíduos e, potencialmente, produtores de impactos ambientais. Prever, avaliar e remediar os impactos ambientais são necessidades imperiosas para sustentabilidade de uma atividade e proteção dos ecossistemas. A Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) produziu um instrumento de avaliação de impacto ambiental da inovação tecnológica agropecuária, denominado Ambitec-Agro. Entre um vasto campo de inovações tecnológicas, este trabalho foca a Integração Lavoura-Pecuária, que visa recuperar áreas de lavouras degradadas, usar eficientemente a terra, recuperar e renovar pastagens degradadas, ou seja, promover sustentabilidade agropecuária. O presente trabalho aplicou o Ambitec-Agro na unidade experimental: Fazenda Capivara, que abriga a Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, no estado de Goiás. A metodologia propõe realizar entrevista para obtenção de dados; para este trabalho foram entrevistados pesquisadores da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Cerrados e Sede. Este trabalho acadêmico propôs, por meio de estudo de caso, avaliar os impactos promovidos pela inovação tecnológica do binômio integrado lavoura-pecuária em área de sequeiro e irrigada, com o uso do Ambitec-Agro. Os coeficientes de impacto ambiental da Integração lavoura-pecuária tanto em área de sequeiro quanto em área irrigada indicam que a inovação tecnológica contribui positivamente para a sustentabilidade da atividade produtiva no âmbito do estabelecimento estudado. / The agribusiness has been taking advantage of new technologies becoming prominent in the Brazilian Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Like any other human activity, the practice of agriculture and cattle raising produces waste, and as a result it can create environmental impact. Therefore, it is necessary to assess, predict, and lessen the environmental impact for the sustainability of this activity and for the ecosystems protection. The Brazilian Agricultural Research Agency (Embrapa) has proposed a system, the environmental impact assessment of agricultural technology innovations(Ambitec-Agro), focusing on the agriculture-cattle raising integration which aims at improving the production of farming products in areas already deteriorated; intensifying the use of land; and recuperating and renovating agricultural areas and pastures already deteriorated to guarantee agricultural sustainability. Thus, this study adopts the Ambitec-Agro system in the experimental unit Capivara Farm, which comprises the National Rice and Beans Research Center (Embrapa Arroz e Feijão) in the state of Goiás. This methodology proposes carrying out interviews in order to obtain data. Researchers at National Rice and Beans Research Center (Embrapa Arroz e Feijão), Embrapa Cerrados (Cerrados), and Embrapa Headquarters (Sede), were interviewed. Based on a case study, this work aimed at the assessment of the environmental impact created by technology innovation of the agriculture-cattle raising integration in unirrigated and irrigated areas by applying the Ambitec-Agro system. The environmental impact of agriculture-cattle raising integration coefficients, in both unirrigated and irrigated areas, demonstrate that technology innovation contributes effectively to the sustainability of this productive activity in the area studied.

Submitted by Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (sdi@ucb.br) on 2018-11-08T19:17:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WashingtonFábiodeSouzaRibeiroDissertacao2018.pdf: 19934045 bytes, checksum: 1021542a94b950733ab9dfbbda43901b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-11-09T16:07:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 WashingtonFábiodeSouzaRibeiroDissertacao2018.pdf: 19934045 bytes, checksum: 1021542a94b950733ab9dfbbda43901b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T16:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WashingtonFábiodeSouzaRibeiroDissertacao2018.pdf: 19934045 bytes, checksum: 1021542a94b950733ab9dfbbda43901b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-26 / With the growing need for an adequate structure of information technology by organizations, regardless of their size, IT service management is increasingly important, and should be effective and, above all, efficient in pursuit of cost reduction combined with improvement the delivery of services. In this way, deploying models and frameworks of best IT management practices is, today, an essential activity of companies that seek excellence. Another equally important activity is assessing the maturity of IT management processes. The ITIL (IT Infrastructure Library) library is designed for IT service managers to increase the effectiveness of their management as well as the assertiveness of their decisions, by better managing their environments. This research aims to contribute to the area of IT service management, generating inputs for IT managers' decision making in the development of a process-based organizational maturity model for ITIL v3. The proposed MA_ITIL model is composed of three layers based on the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, in accordance with the international ISO / IEC 33004 process maturity standard of 2015, which replaced ISO / IEC 15504- 4 of 2003, thus addressing new definitions between organizational maturity of processes and capacity utilization. The research was developed in five stages, which were: to review the literature, to elaborate a maturity model, to elaborate a research survey based on the proposed model, to apply the questionnaire to ITIL v3 specialists and finally to describe the comments and conclusions about the study, so that IT service managers can have mechanisms for managing and measuring the degree of maturity of their ITIL v3 processes, which will assist in the management of technological services. / Com a crescente necessidade de estrutura adequada de tecnologia da informação por parte das organizações, independentemente do seu porte, o gerenciamento de serviços de TI é cada vez mais importante, devendo ser eficaz e, principalmente, eficiente na busca da redução de custos aliada à melhoria da entrega de serviços. Desta forma, implantar modelos e frameworks de melhores práticas de gestão de TI é, hoje, uma atividade essencial das organizações que buscam a excelência. Outra atividade igualmente importante é a avaliação da maturidade dos processos de gestão de TI. A biblioteca ITIL (IT Infrastructure Library) foi desenvolvida para gestores de serviços de TI aumentarem a efetividade da sua gestão assim como a assertividade de suas decisões, gerenciando de forma mais adequada seus ambientes. Essa pesquisa tem a finalidade de contribuir para a área de gerenciamento de serviços de TI, gerando insumos para tomadas de decisões dos gestores de TI no desenvolvimento de um modelo de maturidade organizacional baseado em processos para a ITIL v3. O modelo MA_ITIL proposto é composto por três camadas tendo como base o método AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), em conformidade com a norma internacional de maturidade organizacional de processos ISO/IEC 33004 de 2015, que veio a substituir a norma ISO/IEC 15504-4 de 2003, abordando então novas definições entre maturidade organizacional de processos e capacidade de utilização. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em cinco etapas, que foram: revisar a literatura, elaborar um modelo de maturidade, elaborar uma pesquisa survey baseado no modelo proposto, aplicar o questionário para especialistas ITIL v3 e por fim foi descrito os comentários e conclusões sobre o estudo, de modo que gestores de serviços de TI possam ter mecanismos de administração e medição do grau de maturidade de seus processos ITIL v3, que auxiliarão na gestão de serviços tecnológicos.

A Governança da Tecnologia da Informação tem atraído interesse crescente nas organizações e no meio acadêmico, refletindo a importância e a evolução da Tecnologia da Informação na sociedade moderna. Inspirada na Governança Corporativa, a Governança da Tecnologia da Informação relaciona-se com a qualidade das decisões e ambiciona assegurar que as expectativas para a Tecnologia da Informação sejam realizadas, viabilizando a medição do desempenho, a gestão dos recursos e o controle dos riscos. Frequentemente (e não adequadamente), a Governança da Tecnologia da Informação é considerada como um tipo especial de gestão, e alguns dos modelos conhecidos como referência para a Governança da Tecnologia da Informação são dedicados a aspectos operacionais. A Governança da Tecnologia da Informação extrapola modelos de referência ou estilos de gerenciamento e está relacionada com os assuntos mais estratégicos. Motivado pelas lacunas na delimitação dos escopos e das fronteiras entre a Governança e a Gestão da Tecnologia da Informação, este trabalho investiga os elementos diferenciadores entre estes temas. São analisadas as definições, os escopos e os modelos teóricos da Governança da Tecnologia da Informação. Alicerçada na revisão da literatura, é feita uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada nos estudos de casos de quatro empresas brasileiras com programas de Governança de Tecnologia da Informação implantados. / Information Technology Governance has gathering increasing interest both in organizations agenda and in academic research, reflecting the importance and evolution of Information Technology in society. Inspired by Corporate Governance, Information Technology Governance is related to the quality of decisions and aims to assure that expectations to Information Technology are achieved by performance measurement, resource management and risk control. This work is motivated by gaps in delimitating the borders between Information Technology Management and Information Technology Governance. Information Technology Governance is frequently (and not adequately) considered as a special class of Information Technology Management, and some Information Technology Governance models are indeed dedicated to operational aspects of Information Technology. Information Technology Governance is in fact more than reference models or a management style, dealing with more strategic issues in IT agenda. This research project aims to investigate differences between Information Technology Governance and Information Technology Management, by means of analyzing the scope and the reference models of Information Technology Governance. Based on a literature review, a qualitative research using case study is conducted in the context of four Brazilian companies with implemented Information Technology Governance programs.

Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, utilizando o método do estudo de caso, que investiga quais as orientações de negócios predominantes nos Institutos de Pesquisas Tecnológicas Industriais (IPTIs) brasileiros. No contexto atual de ciclos de vida dos produtos cada vez mais curtos e de concorrência acirrada entre empresas, cadeias produtivas, setores econômicos e países decorrente da globalização, os IPTIs são chamados a dar suporte tecnológico fundamental aos agentes econômicos nacionais, os quais não têm condições ou recursos para gerar internamente. Para que isto ocorra efetivamente dentro deste quadro, somado à escassez de recursos governamentais, crises econômicas cíclicas e concorrência de fontes alternativas de suporte tecnológico, os IPTIs têm que estar orientados para os seus mercados. O trabalho faz uma revisão da literatura sobre orientação de negócios, com ênfase na orientação para o mercado (OM), e estuda dois IPTIs nacionais: o Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo (IPT) e o Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN). Após análise dos dados, o estudo propõe o aprofundamento da investigação em futuros estudos com base em um modelo de OM que introduz variáveis apropriadas para os IPTIs nacionais, como ?natureza jurídica do instituto? e ?consciência e orgulho do papel dos empregados?. Propõe ainda que em futuros estudos sejam também investigados os clientes dos IPTIs para que os efeitos de suas orientações de negócios sejam avaliados por aqueles para quem estas orientações são dirigidas. / This dissertation is a exploratory study, using case study method, that investigates what business orientations prevail in Brazilian Industrial Technology Research Institutes (ITRIs). On the current context of shorter product life cycles and strong competition amongst value chains, industries and countries due globalization, ITRIs are being pushed to provide essential technological support to domestic economic agents, which don?t have resources and conditions to generate them internally. In order to play this role effectively amidst this picture, adding up lack of governmental funds, cyclical economic crisis and alternative technology sources competition, ITRIs must be market oriented. This work performs a literature survey, emphasizing market orientation (MO), and studies two Brazilian major ITRIs: Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo (IPT) e o Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN). After accomplishment of data analysis, the study suggests deeper investigation on future researches based on a MO model that introduces variables suitable for Brazilian ITRIs, such as ?juridical status? and ?employees pride and consciousness of their role?. It also proposes the investigation of ITRIs clients, on their perceptions about ITRIs MO outcomes effects in their businesses.

A governança da Tecnologia de Informações é um tema tradicional e importante para a pesquisa e a prática da administração de organizações. Modelos teóricos e metodologias padronizadas são largamente empregadas e com sucesso em organizações com estrutura tradicional hierárquica. Entretanto, a sua aplicação em estruturas de negócios mais descentralizadas e horizontais, encontra limites devido às suas características próprias de gestão, processos e relacionamento entre seus componentes e ecossistemas, as quais não são suficientemente contempladas nas metodologias mencionadas. Por meio da análise comparativa dos modelos teóricos disponíveis e de estudos de casos reais de ecossistemas de organizações em rede, plataformas, meta-organizações e arranjos mais informais, esta pesquisa procura identificar as novas dimensões requeridas para a governança efetiva da Tecnologia de Informação nestas classes de organizações e propor diretrizes para a complementação das metodologias. / The governance of Information Technology is a traditional and important subject in organizational administration research and practice. Theoretical models and standardized methodologies are widely and successfully used in organizations with traditional hierarchical structure. However, its applicability to more decentralized and horizontal business structures, is more limited due to their specific management characteristics, processes and relationship between their components and ecosystems, which are not sufficiently contemplated in the mentioned methodologies. Through the comparative analysis of available theoretical models and case studies of actual network ecosystems, platforms, meta-organizations and more informal arrangements, this research seeks to identify the new dimensions required for the effective governance of Information technology in these classes of organizations and to propose guidelines for the complementation of methodologies.

Esta é uma pesquisa sobre estratégias de implantação de sistemas de informação. O grande crescimento no uso das tecnologias de informação e das telecomunicações, principalmente, nos anos 90, impulsionou tanto a disponibilização quanto a utilização das informações, acarretando uma forte ‘dependência de informações’. As informações assumem papel vital e sua administração passa a ser fundamental para que a mesma assuma valor estratégico e propicie vantagens competitivas para as organizações. E uma das alternativas para preparar as empresas para essa nova realidade é a utilização de sistemas de informação na gestão de empresas. Os investimentos têm sido maciços mas amiúde os retornos não são alcançados. Desta forma, evidencia-se a necessidade e importância de um eficiente gerenciamento das tecnologias e investimentos para que, realmente, os resultados sejam significativos tendo em vista que tecnologia de informação é apenas um meio para que as organizações atinjam seus objetivos. Sendo assim, objetivou-se expor algumas das estratégias encontradas na literatura sobre o processo de investimentos em sistemas integrados de gestão empresarial ou enterprise resource planning. Além disso, apresentou-se, após estudo de casos, algumas das estratégias utilizadas pelos principais fornecedores desses sistemas para médias e grandes empresas no Brasil e as estratégias empregadas por um executivo de tecnologia de informação de uma grande corporação ao implantar um sistema de informação desenvolvido internamente. Após exposição de conceitos relevantes relacionados à pesquisa, como tecnologia de informação, estratégia de investimentos em tecnologias de informação, planejamento estratégico organizacional e de sistemas de informação, buscou-se relacionar, comparar e confrontar o levantamento bibliográfico com os resultados da investigação feita nas empresas estudadas. Ademais, foram comparadas as expectativas das organizações bem como dos mais relevantes fatores críticos de sucesso ao investirem em sistemas de informação e enterprise resource planning. Estas análises comparativas demonstraram as semelhanças e disfunções encontradas entre o referencial teórico e a prática de uma grande organização e a realidade de grandes fornecedores de sistemas integrados de gestão empresarial / This is a research on strategies of introduction to information systems. The use of information technologies and telecommunications has been on the increase, mainly in the 90’s and has greatly propelled the availability as well as the utilization of information conveying an increasing “reliance on information". Information plays a vital role and its application becomes fundamental so that it gains strategic value and provide competitive advantages for the organizations. The utilization of information technology by the enterprise management, has been on alternative to prepare them for this new reality. Heavy investments have led results not always satisfactorily achieved. Therefore, it is evident the necessity and importance of an efficient management of technologies and investments so that, in fact, results are significant, considering that information technology is only an effective means so that organizations reach their goals. Thus, some of the strategies found in the literature on the process of investments in enterprise resource planning have been exposed. Moreover, after reviewed cases, some of the strategies used by key suppliers of these systems to large and middle-sized companies in Brazil plus the strategies applied by an information technology executive of a great corporation after introducing an internally developed information system. After the introduction of relevant concepts connected to researches such as, information technology, investment strategy on information technology, organizational strategic planning and of information systems, a bibliographical survey has been compared and confronted with the result of the inquiry held in the companies surveyed. Furthermore, expectations of the organizations as well as those of the most important critical factors of success have been compared invest in information systems and enterprise resource planning. Such comparative analyses have shown the similarities and inactivities found between the theory and experience of a great organization and the reality of great suppliers of enterprise resource planning