Correct and consistent condom use is an effective strategy for the reduction of adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors that contribute to unsafe sex practices among adolescents and to compare male and female sexual practices. Quantitative, descriptive research, namely a survey was conducted to determine these practices. Convenience sampling was used to select a sample (n=324) of respondents who were willing to participate in the study. Data were collected by using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The findings of the study revealed that adolescents indulged in unsafe sex practices for various reasons including the desire for self-satisfaction and the non-availability of condoms at the time. Based on the identified reasons, it is clear that strategies had to be developed to curb unsafe sex and its consequences. Formulating these strategies requires the concerted effort of all policy makers and stakeholders. / Health Studies / (M.A. (Public Health))

M.Cur. / An exploratory descriptive study was undertaken, focusing on sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the possible reasons for the high rate of sexually transmitted diseases in teenagers. The knowledge, attitudes and opinions of teenagers and community nurses involved in the teenage clinic in a specific predominantly black area were assessed. Twenty teenagers and five community nurses in a specific predominantly black area, were participants in the study. Focus group interviews are used. The study is conducted in two phases: teenagers representing phase one (1) and community nurses as phase two (2). It can be concluded that the attitudes of community nurses may have an influence on the high rate of sexually transmitted diseases, and the knowledge of the teenagers about sexually transmitted diseases is based on myths and misconceptions. The recommendations made are that the training standards for all community nurses should be reviewed and adapted to meet the needs of teenagers attending the teenage services. The policy on in-service training must be reviewed and monitored. Community nurses' intensive training on teenage service delivery and sexually transmitted diseases services should be in correlation with the principles of Primary Health Care. Community nurses need to attend intensive courses on interpersonal skills specifically related to teenagers. Selection procedures for recruiting community nurses to attend specifically to teenagers should be researched. The attitude of community nurses and teenagers should be the core of the service delivery. Teenagers should be involved in planning programmes and the teenage clinic should be evaluated frequently to improve the standards. The availability of teenage services should result in a decrease in sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers.

This study examines the relationship between social support and youth's high-risk behaviors. The data were obtained from the Midwest Homeless and Runaway Adolescent Project (MHRAP) in 1996. In the Midwestern United States, this study examines the hypothesis that youth with high social support will have low sexual risk behaviors. The study found that youths who had someone to turn to, a greater number of close friends, and someone they could count on were less likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors. The implications of the findings are discussed.

Several studies showed adolescents living in temporary housing face multiple risks. The Floating Hospital (TFH), a non-profit organization serving homeless families in New York City, created the Camp Rise Up intervention as a six-day overnight camp to address these risks via a 14-lesson curriculum on the following topics: 1) communication; 2) self-esteem/body image; 3) anatomy; 4) alcohol and drugs; 5) puberty; 6) peer pressure; 7) pregnancy; 8) contraception; 9) gender and sexuality; 10) healthy relationships; 11) consent; 12) STIs/HIV; 13) media literacy; 14) managing emotions and conflict negotiation. Evaluation of Camp Rise Up compared pre-camp to post-camp mean scores for stage of change, self-efficacy, knowledge and social support for five behaviors of focus: saying “no” to sex, if pressured to have sex; talking about the need to use a condom every time, if you have sex; saying “no” to drugs, if pressured to use them; saying “no” to alcohol, if pressured to drink; and ending unhealthy relationships, if being abused. A secondary analysis of existing data collected by TFH on their August 2019 camp included a sample (n=24) that was 50.0% (n=11) Black, 36.4% (n= 8) Latinx, and 13.6% (n=3) mixed race with 13 girls (54.2%) and 11 boys (45.8%) with mean age of 13.26 (SD= 1.322, min=11, max=16). Results showed: a significant increase from pre-camp to post-camp for knowledge of how to say “no” to sex, if pressured (p=.002); self-rated knowledge for all 14 topics covered in the curriculum increased significantly from pre-lesson to post-lesson (p=.000); post-camp ratings for counselors, teachers, overall camp experience, and 14 lessons were all very good to excellent; and, majority of participants would recommend the camp to others, diffusing the innovation of Camp Rise Up. Emergent themes from qualitative data analysis were: camp was a fun positive experience, they made new friends, learned new things, and tried new things beyond their comfort zone, Findings may serve as preliminary studies data to justify grant funding to support a camp of longer duration with a larger sample size and long-term follow-up. The curriculum may find application in meeting needs of this vulnerable population for vital health education.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In sociological literature and in health policies on adolescent sexual behavior, researchers, educators, and policymakers continue to express their concern with the high number of adolescents engaging in an early sexual debut because of pregnancy risk, high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In particular, much attention is given to the young age of sexual experiences among Black youth compared to those of other races. However, for Black female adolescents, the experiences and dilemmas they face can be more compelling, because the “Black female experience defies a singular definition” (Rozie-Battle 2002, p. 60). This study will fill a gap in previous literature on sexual decisions among Black teens by moving beyond a discussion of only negative decisions. If attachment and social bond theory are taken into consideration, family instability could weaken attachment and lead to riskier sex by weakening controls on undesirable behavior like condom non-use. These same theories would also pose that weakened attachment between family members and adolescent women can create replacement ties and stronger bonds to a sexual partner, which in turn leads to more sex, but not necessarily riskier sex. Utilizing the Young Women’s Project (YWP) at Indiana University, the present study investigates both of these hypotheses.

This study described sexual behaviours among adolescents living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Zimbabwe. This study utilised a quantitative descriptive design. Data was collected using structured questionnaires from 341 adolescents living with HIV. Findings revealed that some adolescents were sexually active and had early onset of sexual activity (before their sixteenth birthday). A good proportion of sexually active adolescents were noted not to practise safer sex and the main reason was condom inaccessibility and some had multiple sex partners. Factors independently associated with being sexually active included exposure to erotic content on television programmes, having a psychiatric diagnosis, discussions of sexuality with health worker and older age. Adolescents` behaviours living with HIV and the issue of availability of condoms may play a part in the spread of HIV. More discussions and research on sexuality of adolescents are recommended / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / In an exploratory study variables influencing the intention to use contraceptives and contraceptive use of teenagers and the association between these variables were determined.A random quota sample consisting of 231 and 224 school boys and girls (14 - 18 years) were selected and the final investigating group were 315 sexually active teenagers. According to loglinear analyses the following variables showed a significant relationship with the intention to use contraceptives: attitudes towards the use of contraceptives, perceptions of accessibility and locus of control. Variables that showed a significant relationship with actual contraceptive use were gender, knowledge about reproduction and contraceptives, beliefs and attitudes towards the use of contraceptives, traditional values such as proving fertility before marriage and family size, perceptions of social approval of contraceptive use as well as perceptions of accessibility to contraceptives. An important conclusion was that an urgent need exists for effective sex education programmes and better access to contraceptives. / In 'n verkennende veldstudie is faktore wat verband hou met swart tienderjariges se intensie om kontraseptiewes te gebruik en werklike kontraseptiewe gebruik ge'identifiseer en die verhoudings tussen die faktore is bepaal. 'n Ewekansige kwotasteekproef van 231 en 224 plattelandse skoolseuns en meisies ( 14 - 18 jaar) is betrek en die finale ondersoekgroep was 315 seksueel aktiewe tienderjariges. Volgens logitmodelontledings het die volgende veranderlikes 'n beduidende verband getoon met die intensie om van kontraseptiewes gebruik te maak: houding teenoor die gebruik van kontraseptiewes, persepsies van toeganklikheid tot kontraseptiewes en lokus van beheer. Veranderlikes wat 'n beduidende verband getoon het met werklike kontraseptiewe gebruik was geslag, kennis oor menslike reproduksie en kontraseptiewes, menings en houdings oor die gebruik daarvan, tradisionele waardeor'ientasies soos die bewys van fertiliteit voor die huwelik en gesinsgrootte, persepsies van sosiale ondersteuning vir kontraseptiewe gebruik asook persepsies van toeganklikheid tot kontraseptiewes. 'n Belangrike gevolgtrekking was dat daar 'n dringende behoefte bestaan na effektiewe seksuele voorligtingsprogramme en grater toeganklikheid tot kontraseptiewes. / Psychology / M.A.(Psychology)

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-11-09T11:21:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Magda Guerato Garbo.pdf: 1336074 bytes, checksum: 2ccd54bd1ec0e1d932bfd51f034eee59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T11:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magda Guerato Garbo.pdf: 1336074 bytes, checksum: 2ccd54bd1ec0e1d932bfd51f034eee59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Teenage pregnancy has always existed, and will probably continue to exist. Adolescence is a moment of transformation, an explosion of hormones, an explosion of desires, longings, challenges, dreams, search for answers, rebellion, a moment of living emotions with great intensity. Also the moment where the discoveries of a new world are being delineated, generating fears, insecurities, challenges, need to love and be loved, need for belonging, the pursuit of adventures and to live each moment as if it were unique. We look at this mix of feelings, emotions, life conflicts, intergenerational differences, the teenager ’s misunderstanding, lack of goals and the thought that nothing will happen to them. In this sense, this dissertation studies the consequences of the free and uncompromised life, typical attitude of some adolescents that often result in pregnancy, and how they begin to administer their lives from there. Our view focuses on the theory of the Life Cycle developed by Cerveny (1994). The aim of the present study is to understand how the relationship in adolescence that results from adolescent pregnancy is built, for which we seek to investigate: whether teenage pregnancy is part of a family repetition, if the adolescents had a support network, the challe nges and difficulties of the postpartum couple, understand whether pregnancy can be a way to transition into adulthood for the teenage couple. IBGE studies show that sexual initiation has occurred early in pre-adolescence. We used semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and we analyzed the narratives. The results confirmed our initial hypotheses that an intergenerational view helps us to understand the repetition of adolescence pregnancy, we find the conjugality influenced by the typical emotional phase of the adolescent, and we were able to confirm that teenage pregnancy was a maturing factor for the young women intervie wed. Our experience has shown that a work of sensitization and information with families could help in the prevention of teenage pregnancy / A gravidez na adolescência sempre existiu, e provavelmente continuará existindo. A adolescência é um momento de transformações, explosão de hormônios, explosão de desejos, anseios, desafios, sonhos, busca de respostas, rebeldia, momento de viver emoções com grandes intensidades, mas também o momento onde as descobertas de um mundo novo estão sendo delineados, gerando medos, inseguranças, desafios, necessidade de amar e ser amado, necessidade de pertencimento, a busca de aventuras e de viver cada momento como se fosse único. Olhamos essa mistura de sentimentos, emoções, conflitos existenciais, diferenças intergeracionais, a sensação de incompreensão do adolescente, a falta de objetivos e o pensamento de que nada vai acontecer com ele. Neste sentido esta dissertação estuda as consequências da vida livre e descompromissada, atitude típica de alguns adolescentes, que muitas vezes resultam em gravidez, e como passam a administrar suas vidas a partir daí. Nosso olhar se foca na teoria do Ciclo Vital desenvolvida por Cerveny(1994). O objetivo do presente trabalho é entender como é construído o relacionamento na adolescência que resulta da gravidez adolescente, para isso buscamos investigar: se gravidez na adolescência faz parte de uma repetição familiar, se os adolescentes tiveram alguma rede de apoio, os desafios e dificuldades do casal pós-gravidez, compreender se a gravidez pode ser uma forma de passagem para a vida adulta para o casal adolescente. Estudos do IBGE mostram que a iniciação sexual tem acontecido no início da pré-adolescência. Utilizamos entrevista semiestruturada. As entrevistas foram transcritas e realizamos análise das narrativas. Os resultados confirmaram nossas hipóteses inicias de que uma visão intergeracional nos auxilia na compreensão da repetição da gravidez adolescente, encontramos a conjugalidade influenciada pela fase emocional típica do adolescente, e pudemos confirmar que a gravidez na adolescência foi um fator de amadurecimento para as jovens entrevistadas. Nossa experiência mostrou que um trabalho de sensibilização e informação com famílias poderiam auxiliar na prevenção da gravidez na adolescência

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is recognized as a public health problem with consequences affecting all levels of the ecological model. In recent years it has been recognized that up to 40% of reported sexual offenses occur at the hands of adolescent offenders (Burton, 2000), who are defined as children aged 12-18 years. In recent years, research has suggested that attachment deficits contribute to sexual offending behavior in adolescence. The current study augments the sparse research with adolescent offenders and by exploring of the participant's perceived attachment to important others (mother/mother figures, father/father figures, and peers/friends). Participants included 101 Juvenile sex offenders (JSO) and 97 Juvenile Delinquents (JD) detained in Oregon Youth Authority (OYA) facilities during the summer of 2010. Significant differences were found in adolescents' attachment to father/father figures in both overall attachment and a perceived degree of trust. Additionally JSO also showed a higher level of alienation from father/father figures and lower in overall perceived degree of trust with all important others. These findings may provide an opportunity for early intervention strategies, as well as support programs designed to strengthen or develop connections between adolescent offenders and positive male role models to enhance the effectiveness of juvenile sex offender treatment.

Adolescence is a time of accelerated physical and sexual growth, and many students become sexually active before they finish secondary schooling. Unfortunately, many adolescents and young adults experience sexual coercion in their intimate relationships. Sexual coercion is defined broadly as verbal or physical pressure to engage in sexual activity. This study sought to examine sexual coercion experiences of Year 11-12 high school, male and female students in their peer dating and relationships. Before retrieving such information, a modified Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) questionnaire was designed. This was named the Adolescent Dating and Relationship Survey (ADRS) which, subsequently, was examined by experts in the area, and validated via a pilot study using 30 university students. Thirdly, the study administered the ADRS to 341, Year 11 and Year 12 students to examine how they responded to their sexually coercive experiences. The participants were actively engaging in relationship behaviours, with nearly 50% of the females and 70% of the males reporting a relationship with a partner of the same age. However, significantly more females dated older partners and, conversely, more male students were involved with younger partners. The female students tended to have longer relationships than the males, especially for relationships of 9 to 12 months or longer. Participants did not report sexual coercion experiences via threat or blackmail, nor were the males threatened with a weapon. The most frequently cited forms of coercion by both female and male students were: made to feel guilty, being plied with alcohol and/or other drugs, being pressured by begging and/or arguing, and being lied to. However, the female students reported being physically restrained significantly more than the males. As a group they responded to these sexually coercive acts via all forms 2 measured except the males, who did not resort to either fighting off or yelling. Talking about the experience later was the response commonly reported by the students. Further, female students responded to sexual coercion by saying either,