<p>PURPOSEThe main purpose of this research is to determine the consumer level approach of brand equity in Citibank N.A using empirical information based on its brand awareness. The awareness of a brand would show the level of the brand recognition. A telephone interview was conducted to explain the different aspects that constitute the recognition of brand equity and brand awareness of Citibank N.A-Cameroon in addition to its ads.</p><p>RESEARCH QUESTIONHow can Citibank N.A, Cameroon subsidiary, measure the level of its brand equity from its brand awareness?</p><p>RESEARCH APPROACH/METHODOLOGYIn order to answer the research question and achieve the research objective established for this research, a structured research method was required. In this research a qualitative research approach was applied to suit the content of the research. A telephone interview was conducted to give a qualitative view of this research.</p><p>FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONSAwareness (aided, unaided), contributes to the recognition of brand equity. In the empirical part of the thesis brand recognition and awareness can be facilitated by Citibank-Cameroon subsidiary being participative in its social corporate responsibility plan to develop the community by planting trees and organizing football competition every summer holidays. This brand strategy has been used for several years to keep a positive brand image of the bank.</p>

PURPOSEThe main purpose of this research is to determine the consumer level approach of brand equity in Citibank N.A using empirical information based on its brand awareness. The awareness of a brand would show the level of the brand recognition. A telephone interview was conducted to explain the different aspects that constitute the recognition of brand equity and brand awareness of Citibank N.A-Cameroon in addition to its ads. RESEARCH QUESTIONHow can Citibank N.A, Cameroon subsidiary, measure the level of its brand equity from its brand awareness? RESEARCH APPROACH/METHODOLOGYIn order to answer the research question and achieve the research objective established for this research, a structured research method was required. In this research a qualitative research approach was applied to suit the content of the research. A telephone interview was conducted to give a qualitative view of this research. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONSAwareness (aided, unaided), contributes to the recognition of brand equity. In the empirical part of the thesis brand recognition and awareness can be facilitated by Citibank-Cameroon subsidiary being participative in its social corporate responsibility plan to develop the community by planting trees and organizing football competition every summer holidays. This brand strategy has been used for several years to keep a positive brand image of the bank.

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de diabetes autorreferido e caracterizar o diagnóstico e o tratamento do diabetes em adultos de capitais brasileiras. Métodos: Analisaram-se questões adicionais de diabetes do Vigitel 2011, provenientes de 54.144 entrevistas telefônicas. Estimativas de prevalência e seus IC 95% levaram em conta os pesos amostrais atribuídos aos indivíduos entrevistados. Resultados: A prevalência de diabetes autorreferido foi de 5,6% (IC 95% 5,2 – 6,0), aumentando com idade e estado nutricional. O diagnóstico ocorreu aos ≥ 35 anos para 88% dos casos, em média 48 anos para homens e 47 anos para mulheres. A quase totalidade (99,9%) dos casos informou ter realizado exame de glicemia; apenas 28% dos que não referiram diagnóstico prévio não haviam realizado o exame. Um percentual pequeno (1,2%) dos casos não realizou glicemia ou o fez há mais de cinco anos e não faz tratamento para diabetes. A prevalência de diabetes autorreferido em tratamento para diabetes foi de 5,1% e em tratamento medicamentoso de 4,4% (3,4% na região Norte e 5,0% na Região Sudeste; 2,5% em Palmas e 5,1% em São Paulo). Entre os que não relataram ter diabetes, a realização de glicemia foi menor nos homens, nos mais jovens, nos de menor escolaridade e naqueles da região Norte. Conclusões: O elevado percentual de realização de glicemia na população apóia o uso do relato de diagnóstico prévio como medida de prevalência de diabetes. As demais questões permitiram caracterizar melhor o diagnóstico e o tratamento do diabetes, trazendo informações úteis para sua vigilância. Incertezas em relação aos possíveis falsos relatos persistem, limitando correções nas estimativas de prevalência de diabetes atualmente utilizadas. Outros estudos são necessários para estimar diretamente os falsos positivos e negativos e com maior precisão informar o número total de casos de diabetes. / Objective: To estimate the prevalence of self-reported diabetes and to describe diagnostic and treatment patterns in adults living in state capitals of Brazil. Methods: Questions about diabetes added in Vigitel 2011 were analyzed from 54,144 telephone interviews. Prevalence estimates are presented as proportions and confidence intervals, taking into account sample weights assigned to each participant. Results: Prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 5.6% (CI 5.2-6.0) with increasing rates according to age and nutritional status. Diagnosis occurred at ≥ 35 years of age in 88% of cases, on average 48 years for men and 47 for women. Almost all (99.9%) cases of diabetes informed having done a previous glucose test; only 28% of the non cases informed not having done a previous test. A small proportion (1.2%) of cases did not perform a glucose test or did so more than five years before the interview. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes based on being under any type of treatment was 5.1%, and under drug treatment, 4.4% (varying from 3.4% on the North Region to 5.0% on the Southeast and from 2.5% in Palmas to 5.1% in São Paulo). Among non cases, blood glucose testing was less frequent in men, in younger adults, in less educated and in those living in the North region. Conclusions: The high percentage of glucose testing strengthens the use of self-reported diabetes as a measure of diabetes prevalence. The additional questions to Vigitel 2011 allowed a better description of the diagnostic and treatment patterns of diabetes for the means in surveillance. Uncertainty remains about possible false reports, thus limiting corrections in current estimates of diabetes prevalence. Further studies need to be done to estimate directly false reports so as to estimate more accurately the total number and characteristics of cases of diabetes.

The doctoral dissertation is focused on the evaluation of the effect of bariatric surgery and on identifying the parameters that are related to the patients' satisfaction with the surgery. Telephone survey was used to collect data. 122 bariatric candidates were inquired, 86 of them were operated. The average time after the surgery was 20,2 months. The average weight loss was 26.6 kgs. There was a significant improvement in the monitored domains - physical appearance, general health, self-esteem, marital satisfaction, occupational functioning and social functioning. The negative effects of the surgery (post-surgery vomiting, difficulties in dietary adherence, other complications) were also experienced by significant number of patients. In total, 87% respondents were satisfied with the surgery and 13% were dissatisfied. The chi-square test was used to identify factors influencing subjective satisfaction with the surgery and the results were recorded at 95% and 99% significance levels. The satisfaction is associated with the improvement of general health and self-esteem (p<0.01), physical appearance, marital satisfaction, occupational functioning and social functioning (p<0.05). Less satisfied were patients who had troubles with postoperative dietary adherence and those with an insufficient weight...

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de diabetes autorreferido e caracterizar o diagnóstico e o tratamento do diabetes em adultos de capitais brasileiras. Métodos: Analisaram-se questões adicionais de diabetes do Vigitel 2011, provenientes de 54.144 entrevistas telefônicas. Estimativas de prevalência e seus IC 95% levaram em conta os pesos amostrais atribuídos aos indivíduos entrevistados. Resultados: A prevalência de diabetes autorreferido foi de 5,6% (IC 95% 5,2 – 6,0), aumentando com idade e estado nutricional. O diagnóstico ocorreu aos ≥ 35 anos para 88% dos casos, em média 48 anos para homens e 47 anos para mulheres. A quase totalidade (99,9%) dos casos informou ter realizado exame de glicemia; apenas 28% dos que não referiram diagnóstico prévio não haviam realizado o exame. Um percentual pequeno (1,2%) dos casos não realizou glicemia ou o fez há mais de cinco anos e não faz tratamento para diabetes. A prevalência de diabetes autorreferido em tratamento para diabetes foi de 5,1% e em tratamento medicamentoso de 4,4% (3,4% na região Norte e 5,0% na Região Sudeste; 2,5% em Palmas e 5,1% em São Paulo). Entre os que não relataram ter diabetes, a realização de glicemia foi menor nos homens, nos mais jovens, nos de menor escolaridade e naqueles da região Norte. Conclusões: O elevado percentual de realização de glicemia na população apóia o uso do relato de diagnóstico prévio como medida de prevalência de diabetes. As demais questões permitiram caracterizar melhor o diagnóstico e o tratamento do diabetes, trazendo informações úteis para sua vigilância. Incertezas em relação aos possíveis falsos relatos persistem, limitando correções nas estimativas de prevalência de diabetes atualmente utilizadas. Outros estudos são necessários para estimar diretamente os falsos positivos e negativos e com maior precisão informar o número total de casos de diabetes. / Objective: To estimate the prevalence of self-reported diabetes and to describe diagnostic and treatment patterns in adults living in state capitals of Brazil. Methods: Questions about diabetes added in Vigitel 2011 were analyzed from 54,144 telephone interviews. Prevalence estimates are presented as proportions and confidence intervals, taking into account sample weights assigned to each participant. Results: Prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 5.6% (CI 5.2-6.0) with increasing rates according to age and nutritional status. Diagnosis occurred at ≥ 35 years of age in 88% of cases, on average 48 years for men and 47 for women. Almost all (99.9%) cases of diabetes informed having done a previous glucose test; only 28% of the non cases informed not having done a previous test. A small proportion (1.2%) of cases did not perform a glucose test or did so more than five years before the interview. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes based on being under any type of treatment was 5.1%, and under drug treatment, 4.4% (varying from 3.4% on the North Region to 5.0% on the Southeast and from 2.5% in Palmas to 5.1% in São Paulo). Among non cases, blood glucose testing was less frequent in men, in younger adults, in less educated and in those living in the North region. Conclusions: The high percentage of glucose testing strengthens the use of self-reported diabetes as a measure of diabetes prevalence. The additional questions to Vigitel 2011 allowed a better description of the diagnostic and treatment patterns of diabetes for the means in surveillance. Uncertainty remains about possible false reports, thus limiting corrections in current estimates of diabetes prevalence. Further studies need to be done to estimate directly false reports so as to estimate more accurately the total number and characteristics of cases of diabetes.

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de diabetes autorreferido e caracterizar o diagnóstico e o tratamento do diabetes em adultos de capitais brasileiras. Métodos: Analisaram-se questões adicionais de diabetes do Vigitel 2011, provenientes de 54.144 entrevistas telefônicas. Estimativas de prevalência e seus IC 95% levaram em conta os pesos amostrais atribuídos aos indivíduos entrevistados. Resultados: A prevalência de diabetes autorreferido foi de 5,6% (IC 95% 5,2 – 6,0), aumentando com idade e estado nutricional. O diagnóstico ocorreu aos ≥ 35 anos para 88% dos casos, em média 48 anos para homens e 47 anos para mulheres. A quase totalidade (99,9%) dos casos informou ter realizado exame de glicemia; apenas 28% dos que não referiram diagnóstico prévio não haviam realizado o exame. Um percentual pequeno (1,2%) dos casos não realizou glicemia ou o fez há mais de cinco anos e não faz tratamento para diabetes. A prevalência de diabetes autorreferido em tratamento para diabetes foi de 5,1% e em tratamento medicamentoso de 4,4% (3,4% na região Norte e 5,0% na Região Sudeste; 2,5% em Palmas e 5,1% em São Paulo). Entre os que não relataram ter diabetes, a realização de glicemia foi menor nos homens, nos mais jovens, nos de menor escolaridade e naqueles da região Norte. Conclusões: O elevado percentual de realização de glicemia na população apóia o uso do relato de diagnóstico prévio como medida de prevalência de diabetes. As demais questões permitiram caracterizar melhor o diagnóstico e o tratamento do diabetes, trazendo informações úteis para sua vigilância. Incertezas em relação aos possíveis falsos relatos persistem, limitando correções nas estimativas de prevalência de diabetes atualmente utilizadas. Outros estudos são necessários para estimar diretamente os falsos positivos e negativos e com maior precisão informar o número total de casos de diabetes. / Objective: To estimate the prevalence of self-reported diabetes and to describe diagnostic and treatment patterns in adults living in state capitals of Brazil. Methods: Questions about diabetes added in Vigitel 2011 were analyzed from 54,144 telephone interviews. Prevalence estimates are presented as proportions and confidence intervals, taking into account sample weights assigned to each participant. Results: Prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 5.6% (CI 5.2-6.0) with increasing rates according to age and nutritional status. Diagnosis occurred at ≥ 35 years of age in 88% of cases, on average 48 years for men and 47 for women. Almost all (99.9%) cases of diabetes informed having done a previous glucose test; only 28% of the non cases informed not having done a previous test. A small proportion (1.2%) of cases did not perform a glucose test or did so more than five years before the interview. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes based on being under any type of treatment was 5.1%, and under drug treatment, 4.4% (varying from 3.4% on the North Region to 5.0% on the Southeast and from 2.5% in Palmas to 5.1% in São Paulo). Among non cases, blood glucose testing was less frequent in men, in younger adults, in less educated and in those living in the North region. Conclusions: The high percentage of glucose testing strengthens the use of self-reported diabetes as a measure of diabetes prevalence. The additional questions to Vigitel 2011 allowed a better description of the diagnostic and treatment patterns of diabetes for the means in surveillance. Uncertainty remains about possible false reports, thus limiting corrections in current estimates of diabetes prevalence. Further studies need to be done to estimate directly false reports so as to estimate more accurately the total number and characteristics of cases of diabetes.

The doctoral dissertation is focused on the evaluation of the effect of bariatric surgery and on identifying the parameters that are related to the patients' satisfaction with the surgery. Telephone survey was used to collect data. 122 bariatric candidates were inquired, 86 of them were operated. The average time after the surgery was 20,2 months. The average weight loss was 26.6 kgs. There was a significant improvement in the monitored domains - physical appearance, general health, self-esteem, marital satisfaction, occupational functioning and social functioning. The negative effects of the surgery (post-surgery vomiting, difficulties in dietary adherence, other complications) were also experienced by significant number of patients. In total, 87% respondents were satisfied with the surgery and 13% were dissatisfied. The chi-square test was used to identify factors influencing subjective satisfaction with the surgery and the results were recorded at 95% and 99% significance levels. The satisfaction is associated with the improvement of general health and self-esteem (p<0.01), physical appearance, marital satisfaction, occupational functioning and social functioning (p<0.05). Less satisfied were patients who had troubles with postoperative dietary adherence and those with an insufficient weight...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Resumo Roberta Biscaro.pdf: 206927 bytes, checksum: 520f0c7952b651d52f800fd6dc6a3d41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As manifestações sistêmicas da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) estão associadas à redução no nível de atividade física e ao alto gasto energético para a realização de atividades cotidianas simples, sendo este declínio funcional observado como um fator preditor de mortalidade. Com isso, a avaliação do estado funcional deve ser parte da rotina de centros de reabilitação pulmonar. A escala Self-Reported Functional Limitation é um instrumento simples e de fácil entendimento, que foi previamente administrada por telefone em estudos de coortes de pacientes com DPOC. A aplicação de escalas por telefone pode ser uma forma viável e de baixo custo para avaliações de acompanhamento de pacientes após programas de reabilitação pulmonar. No entanto, essa forma de aplicação ainda não foi validada. Desse modo, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar se a escala Self-Reported Functional Limitation (SRFL) administrada por telefone é confiável e válida em pacientes com DPOC. Participaram do estudo 30 pacientes com DPOC, sendo 24 homens, idade de 66 &#61617; 8 anos, volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo pós broncodilatador (VEF1 pós BD) de 44,3 &#61617; 17,8 do previsto e índice de massa corpórea de 25,9 &#61617; 4,3 kg.m2. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto ao estado nutricional, função pulmonar, força de preensão palmar, estado de saúde, dispneia e limitação em atividades de vida diária. Na sequência da avaliação, as aplicações por telefone da escala SRFL foram agendadas e orientadas, com intervalo de 7 a 10 dias entre a primeira e a segunda aplicação, sendo certificada a estabilidade clínica no período entre as ligações. A escala SRFL aplicada por telefone apresentou excelente confiabilidade das categorias sem limitação funcional autorrelatada e com limitação funcional autorrelatada com coeficiente Kappa de 0,93 (p=0,000), e excelente confiabilidade dos seus escores, com coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) de 0,84 [intervalo de confiança (IC 95%): 0,70-0,92] entre as aplicações. A consistência interna apresentou um valor acima do aceitável, com alfa de Cronbach de 0,85. O escore total da escala SRFL por telefone correlacionou-se de forma significante com a pontuação na escala London Activity of Daily Living total e percentual (r= 0,70 e r= 0,81, respectivamente; p< 0,001), no COPD Assessment Test (r= 0,62; p<0,001) e com o VEF1 pós BD em litros e percentual (r= -0,43 e r= -0,41; respectivamente; p< 0,005). Conclui-se que a escala Self- Reported Functional Limitation aplicada por telefone é um instrumento confiável e válido para avaliar limitação funcional autorrelatada em pacientes com DPOC.

På webbplatsen arbetsliv.org finns webbsidorna branschkunskap och ämneskunskap innehållandes länkar till andra webbsidor, med fakta kring arbetsmiljö. Webbsidorna riktar sig främst till arbetsmiljöingenjörer och medlemmarna inom organisationerna FTF (Föreningen Teknisk Företagshälsovård) Arbetsmiljö och EHSS, Ergonomi och Human Factors Sällskapet Sverige. Arbetsmiljöingenjörer arbetar med frågor relaterade till branscher inom många olika områden. Därför anses det underlätta deras arbete genom att ha en samlad plats för branschspecifik information. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utveckla webbsidor till en egen domän, arbetsmiljowiki.se, och att utifrån organisationsmedlemmarnas åsikter skapa en wiki med bransch- och ämneskunskap inom arbetsmiljö. För att ta reda på användarnas åsikter genomfördes åtta stycken kvalitativa telefonintervjuer med intervjupersoner från olika åldersgrupper. Litteraturstudier skedde kring val och utveckling av teknisk lösning för att få en bild av de möjligheter som finns. Jämförelsen av tekniska lösningar, analysen av telefonintervjuerna och de uppställda kraven utgör tillsammans ett delresultat. Delresultatet ledde fram till en integration av Facebookinloggning, YouTubelänkar, kommentarsfält och att resultatet arbetsmiljowiki.se utformades enligt organisationsmedlemmarnas åsikter. / Located on the website arbetsliv.org is the webpages branschkunskap and ämneskunskap, containing links to other websites with facts about occupational health and safety. The webpages mainly target themselves towards occupational health engineers and members of the two organization’s FTF (Föreningen Teknisk Företagshälsovård) Arbetsmiljö and EHSS, Ergonomi och Human Factors Sällskapet Sverige. Occupational health engineers work with questions related to industries of many different fields. Therefore, it is considered to facilitate their work by providing a collaborative collection of industry-specific information. The purpose of this thesis is to develop the webpages into an independent domain, arbetsmiljowiki.se, and based on the organization members’ opinions create a wiki about industry and subject knowledge related to occupational health and safety. To collect the users’ opinions, eight qualitative telephone interviews were carried out with interviewees from different age-groups. Literature studies regarding choice of and development of technical solutions were performed in order to obtain a greater picture of the available possibilities. The comparison of technical solutions, analysis of the telephone interviews and the specified requirements together make up a part of the result. One part of the result resulted in an integration of Facebook login, embedded YouTube videos, comment fields and that the final result arbetsmiljowiki.se was shaped as per the organization members’ requests.

Objetivos: Estudar as possibilidades de uso de cadastros de linhas telefônicas residenciais para implementação de inquéritos por amostragem. Descrever presença de vícios potenciais, associados às taxas de coberturas de LTR, nas principais variáveis que usualmente compõem o núcleo de informações de inquéritos epidemiológicos. Métodos: Com base nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) no período de 1998 a 2003, exceto 2000, foram estimadas por intervalo de confiança de 95%, as médias e proporções. Nas análises dos dados considerou-se o plano de amostragem complexa. Resultados: No Brasil, houve um crescimento de 50% dos domicílios atendidos por LTR, no período. No entanto, essa evolução não ocorreu de forma uniforme no Brasil. Foram identificados diferentes perfis de usuários de LTR, sendo as principais características relacionadas com a escolaridade, a raça, a posse de um plano de saúde e a localização geográfica. Nas regiões com baixa cobertura de LTR podem ocorrer vícios nas estimativas de prevalências de doenças crônicas. Conclusão: O uso das linhas telefônicas residencias para a realização das entrevistas em inquéritos epidemiológicos mostrou-se viável para as unidades de federação com taxas de cobertura de LTR acima de 70%. / Objectives: To study the possibilities to use sampling frame of telephone interview the implementation of survey sampling. To describe the presence of potential biases associated to with coverage rates of telephone surveys in the main variables that usually compose the information core of epidemiological investigations. Methods: From database of the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) in the period between 1998 and 2003, except for 2000, the averages and proportions were estimated by a 95% confidence interval. In the statistics analysis , the complex sampling plan was considered. Results: In Brazil, it has been there was a 50% increase in the households served by telephone, during the studied period. However, this evolution did not occur in a uniform way. Different profiles of telephone users were identified, and the main characteristics were related to education, race, the health plans and the geographic location. The regions with low telephone coverage may introduce bias on the estimates of prevalence of chronic diseases. Conclusion: The use of telephone survey for the conduction of interviews during epidemiologic investigations could be suitable to be feasible for the federal units with coverage rates above 70%.