Thesis (Ph.D) -- University of Adelaide, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 504-529)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Includes color illustrations. Includes bibliography and index. Full text release at OhioLINK's ETD Center delayed at author's request

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:12:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JailsonSL_DISSERT.pdf: 710515 bytes, checksum: 2e79e8e703695acf4a7ce9eb1464e3b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / This dissertation aims to present a elementar vision of thomistic thought about human sexuality from knowledges of vices and virtues. Introduce the notion of vice as otherwise to human nature and seek its etymological meaning, approaching with the neotestamentary perspective of sin and malice. This notion is based in aristotelian and augustinian notion, used by Thomas Aquinas. Also present two virtues inside of the christian thought about the sexuality. They are temperance and chastity. The temperance is a virtue that orders the pleasures of tact, and regulates the chastity. Finally, we show that is possible in thomistic thought admit the legitimacy of sexual pleasure and also the natural necessity in relations, and this relations just can be designed inside of legitimate marriage / Esta disserta??o tem como prop?sito apresentar uma vis?o elementar do pensamento tomista acerca da sexualidade humana a partir das no??es de v?cio e de virtude. Apresentamos a no??o de v?cio como disposi??o contr?ria ? natureza do homem e buscamos seu significado etimol?gico, aproximando-se com a perspectiva neotestament?ria de pecado e mal?cia. Esta no??o ? fundamentada pela no??o aristot?lica e agostiniana, utilizados por Tom?s de Aquino. Apresentamos tamb?m duas virtudes dentro do pensamento crist?o a respeito da sexualidade. S?o elas a temperan?a e a castidade. A temperan?a ? uma virtude que rege os prazeres do tato, e reguladora da castidade. Por fim, mostramos que ? poss?vel no pensamento tomista admitir n?o s? a legitimidade do prazer sexual, como tamb?m a sua necessidade natural nas rela??es, e estas rela??es s? podem ser concebidas dentro do leg?timo matrim?nio

Despite extensive research into the effects of alcohol consumption, there is no clear understanding into the mechanisms underlying human information processing impairment. The acute consumption of alcohol was investigated to determine the implications for human information processing capabilities, and to identify the extent to which these implications were stage-specific. Further aims included the investigation and quantification of caffeine-induced antagonism of alcohol impairment. Moreover, the aforementioned relationships were investigated in morning versus evening conditions. A test battery of six resource-specific tasks was utilised to measure visual perceptual, cognitive and sensory-motor performance, fashioned to return both simple and complex measures of each task. The tasks implemented were: visual perceptual performance (accommodation, visual detection, visual pattern recognition); cognition (memory recall- digit span); and motor output (modified Fitts‟ and a driving simulated line-tracking). Performance measures were recorded by the respective computer based tasks. Physiological variables measured included heart rate frequency, heart rate variability (RMSSD, High and Low Frequency Power) and body temperature. Saccade speed, saccade amplitude, pupil size and fixation duration were the oculomotor parameters measured. Three groups of participants (alcohol, caffeine+alcohol and control) n=36 were studied, split evenly between sexes in a mixed repeated/non-repeated measures design. The control group performed all test batteries under no influence. The alcohol group performed test batteries one and two sober, and three and four under the influence of a 0.4 g/kg dose of alcohol. Group caffeine+alcohol conducted test battery one sober, two under the effect of caffeine only (4 mg/kg), and three and four under the influence of both caffeine and alcohol (0.4 g/kg). The third test battery demonstrated the effects of alcohol during the inclining phase of the blood alcohol curve, and the fourth represented the declining phase. Morning experimentation occurred between 10:00 - 12: 45 and 10:30 -13:15 with evening experimentation between 19:00 - 21:30 and 19:30 - 22:00. Acute alcohol consumption at a dose of approximately 0.4 g/kg body weight effected an average peak breath alcohol concentration of 0.062 % and 0.059 % for the alcohol and caffeine+alcohol groups respectively. Task-related visual perceptual performance demonstrated significant decrements for simple reaction time, choice reaction time and error rate. Cognitive performance demonstrated no significant performance decrements, while motor performance indicated significant decrements in target accuracy only. Physiological parameters in response to alcohol consumption showed significantly decreased heart rate variability (RMSSD) in the modified Fitts‟ task only. A significant decrease in saccade amplitude in the memory task was the only change in oculomotor parameters. Prior caffeine consumption demonstrated limited antagonism to task-related alcohol impairment, significantly improving performance only in reduced error rate while reading. Caffeine consumption showed stimulating effects on physiological parameters, significantly increasing heart rate and heart rate variability when compared to alcohol alone. The design of the tasks allows for comparison between complex and simple task performance, indicating resource utilisation and depletion. Complex tasks demonstrated higher resource utilisation, however with no statistical performance differences to simple tasks. Physiological parameters showed greater change in response to alcohol consumption, than did the performance measures. Alcohol consumption imposed significant changes in physiological and oculomotor parameters for cognitive tasks only, significantly increasing heart rate frequency and decreasing heart rate variability, skin temperature and saccade amplitude. Caffeine consumption showed no antagonism of alcohol-induced performance measures. Physiological measures showed that caffeine consumption imposed stimulating effects in only the neural reflex and memory tasks, significantly increasing heart rate frequency and heart rate variability. Prior caffeine consumption significantly decreased fixation duration in the memory task only. The time of day at which alcohol was consumed demonstrated significant performance and physiological implications. Results indicated that morning consumption of alcohol imposes greater decrements in performance and larger fluctuations in physiological parameters than the decrements in evening experimental sessions. It can be concluded that alcohol consumption at a dose of 0.4 g/kg affects all stages in the information processing chain. Task performance indicates that alcohol has a greater severity on the early stages of information processing. Conversely, under the influence of alcohol an increased task complexity induces greater effects on central stage information processing. In addition, caffeine consumption at a dose of 4 mg/kg prior to alcohol does not antagonise the alcohol-induced performance decrements.

No description available.

This essay aims to investigate the visual and symbolic language of banners and standards belonging to two Swedish temperance organizations, the Independent Order of Good Templars, and the Swedish Blue-Ribbon Movement. The examined material is 98 banners and standards from Folkrörelsearkivet för Uppsala län. Mieke Bal and Norman Bryson's semiotic starting point in the article "Semiotics and Art History" (1991), mainly based on Charles Sanders Peirce's semiosis, has been used as the method of analysis. Support has also been taken from Roland Barthes' semiotic concepts of denotation and connotation. Visual culture studies, with support from Nicolas Mirzoeff's Introduction to Visual Culture (1999) has been used as a theoretical and structural starting point of the essay. The analysis has shown a rich use of symbolic signs within the material, and that – and how – the use of said symbolic signs is both similar and different between the organizations. The analysis has further demonstrated the possibility to interpret meaning which were communicated through the banners and the standards visual and symbolic language. In the essay's discussion, these meanings have been divided into different themes which can be said to reflect the ideals, ideas, and activities of the organizations. The visual communication is understood based on the activities and religious history of the organizations, and on the political, social, historical, and cultural context of the collective symbols.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the work of the temperance board in Karlstad during the interwar period and the crisis years when the economic depression affected Sweden, specifically around the year 1930. The focus was on the years 1927–1932, aiming to demonstrate a change in temperance efforts in the city of Karlstad. The study is qualitative with quantitative elements, and data were collected in numerical form to present the statistical findings. The examination involved a careful review of the minutes of the Karlstad City Council found in the annual report of the temperance board. Content analysis was employed to process the material, and the study aimed to answer the following questions: How did public sobriety vary in Karlstad from 1927 to 1932, and to what extent did documented alcohol offenses occur among individuals under 25 during the study period? The source material was analyzed using Anthony Giddens' structuration theory, based on the perspective of change presented by Helena Eriksson in her thesis "Population, Society, and Change." In the analysis section of this study, it is evident how alcohol-related offenses changed, with a noticeable shift from 1927 to 1932, showing a clear decrease in the number of arrests for such offenses during these years. It is also observed that the number of cases processed by the temperance board significantly decreased in 1930, 1931, and 1932. This, in turn, contributed to a noticeable decrease in individuals under 25 years old being apprehended for drunkenness. / Studiens syfte var att undersöka nykterhetsnämndens arbete i Karlstad vid mellankrigstiden och krisåren då den ekonomiska depressionen drabbade Sverige. Närmare bestämt åren omkring 1930. Fokuset låg därför på åren 1927–1932, detta för att kunna påvisa att en förändring skett i nykterhetsarbetet i Karlstads stad. Studien är kvalitativ med kvantitativa inslag och därför samlades data in i numerisk form för att sedan presentera det statistiska som framkommit. Undersökningen bygger på att noggrant granska Karlstads stadsfullmäktiges protokoll som återfinns i nykterhetsnämndens årsredovisning. En innehållsanalys användes för att behandla materialet och de frågeställningar som studien skulle besvara var följande: Hur varierade folknykterheten i Karlstad 1927–1932 samt vilken omfattning hade den dokumenterade dryckenskapen bland individer under 25 år under undersökningsperioden? Källmaterialet har analyserats med hjälp Anthony Giddens struktureringsteori utifrån det förändringsperspektiv som presenterades av Helena Eriksson i hennes avhandling Befolkning, samhälle och förändring.   I analysdelen av denna studie framgår det hur fylleriförseelserna förändras och att en märkbar förändring skett från 1927 och fram till 1932 och att man tydligt kan se en minskning på antalet anhållna för fylleriförseelser mellan nämnda år. Man ser också att antalet ärenden som nykterhetsnämnden behandlat minskar avsevärt år 1930, 1931 och 1932. Detta bidrog i sin tur också till att en märkbar minskning skedde bland individer under 25 år anhållna för dryckenskap.

No description available.

從「迷樓」的敘事研究可投射出「享樂」與「匠藝」的兩大圖像。本論文的論述分成兩個層次，一個層次從唐宋期間各種不同類型的文本和文體來探討「迷樓」典故中的欲望與當時的話語現象的關係，涵蓋唐宋時二元對立的一系列價值如節制／放縱、儉／奢、自然／人工。另一個層次則是以「迷樓」的欲望與技術，來比擬文學創作意識中的欲望與技巧的問題，後者觸及詩學中的自然風格與人工技術或「工巧」之間的辯證關係。 迷樓不見於任何官方正史及私家撰述的史籍，它主要見於詩、詞、賦、小說逸史、方志和筆記或札記。根據方志，揚州被認為位於揚州，但在文學作品中，卻有迷樓位在揚州、長安、洛陽之說，本文認為，從唐宋詩詞的空間意象來看，迷樓其實更近於一種散佈於汴淮流域的想像空間，顯見「迷樓」有傳聞異辭的性質。雖然這篇論文有探究方志與文學文本中迷樓地點所在的問題，然而目的並非志在斷定迷樓「實體」存在與否、或存在於何處，而是在提供一種背景來理解唐宋時期人們對迷樓所在的認同差異與相關的空間敘述。 根據小說《迷樓記》的敘述，迷樓是煬帝所建的一座結構宛若迷宮的宮殿，它也是一個承載「極樂」想像的空間。「極樂」在宋代的養身論與主張節制的話語之中是需被抑制的一種禁忌。故此，有關「迷樓」中的「極樂」敘述是在尋回如同拉康所言的某種早已被排除出去的「愛欲」或原初已經失落的「歡爽」，人們對這種「極樂」的境界充滿想像，對於「極樂」的渴求威脅著主體賴以生存的經濟制度與權力體制乃至耗竭個人的身體。在此也參考巴塔耶的色情史理論，來說明主體也會渴求某種迷失自我的欲望。本文也將隋煬帝在迷樓內「浪費的技術」（即同時耗損自身精氣、浪費「發明」的技能、揮霍國家的財富）也延伸到詩學裡詩歌藝術裡一種創作技術上的魅力，來回扣宇文所安《迷樓：詩與欲望的迷宮》中以迷樓作為論述結構的「比擬」。本文也試圖以「迷樓」來「比擬」唐宋期間勾連自然與技巧的文學觀念，詩人為此心搖神馳，對文學技巧追求完美的「欲望」，使得欲望從現實空間「逃遁」到文學空間裡來，追求天工般技巧所造的詩境。 中國人傾向於將政權興亡與自然現象互比相連，使得興、亡循環成為必然發生且無可避免的現象，這種對於興亡循環有其必然性的觀念反而削弱了諷喻文學規勸帝王的實質功能。這正是迷樓作為諷喻的典故所盤結的重重矛盾與衝突之所在。意識到「諷喻」在啟悟他人功能上的侷限，詩歌作為高度創作與獨立自足的藝術性質更受重視，如唐宋詩學中有頗多詩話與詩評大量闡述詩歌創作的理想，崇尚以不鑿痕跡的技巧，來達到完美「自然」的詩境。 在唐宋兩代，可以發現在歷史處境的衝擊下，迷樓典故亦有所衍異，並被詩人加以部署以訴說個人的生命情境。唐宋兩代旅人在揚州岸外的長江與運河水道上曲曲折折的移動經驗，這種移動經驗也賦予迷樓遺址特殊的意象，無論是在遠離或接近揚州，蜀岡上的迷樓遺址都被包裹在迂回曲折的路線地圖裡，從迂迴到昇華，迷樓成為想像中登高地點的所在。在有意託諷之下，迷樓的敘事並不純粹只是過往歷史的回顧，同時也是當代歷史的指涉。 除了作為社會性敘事的諷喻功能之外，本論文最後也在兩個層次上回扣宇文所安以迷樓作為文學論述與詩學上的「比擬」：一、迷樓作為個體欲望縷織下與群體相隔離的藝術空間；二、傳聞中迷樓是一座在技術上巧奪天工的宮殿，在詩歌中「迷樓」經常被強調作為一種人工成果，與自然對立。通過這種自然──天工對比的論述，本文也嘗試指出迷樓足可比擬文學裡透過崇尚自然風格征服人工鑿痕的觀念。 / Through the variety of texts and genres from Tang to Sung, the narration of “Milou” had projected the figure of pleasure and exquisite craftwork. The inquisitions of this essay consist of two layers. First, to addresses the relation of the desire and the discursive phenomena at the time of Tang to Sung, especially on the binary aspect of temperance and pleasure, frugality and luxury, nature and craftsmanship. Secondly, to mate the dazzling craftwork of Milou correspondent with the desire and pleasure of the attentive craftwork in literary world, in which the dialectical relation between the Nature and craftsmanship was deeply concerned. Neither the official nor the private historical texts have any record on Milou. However, the allusion and narration of Milou was found in variety of texts including poets, rhapsodies, lyrics, novels, geographical documents and notes. According to the novel “The Tales of Milou”(Milou Ji, 迷樓記), Milou was a labyrinthine palace built by Shui Yang Ti, a space loaded with the imagination of “utmost enjoyment”(Ji Le, 極樂). The utmost enjoyment had been known as a forbidden state in the discourse on regimen, it was also considered as a dangerous force which threatening to the nation. The inquisition of “utmost enjoyment” has been linked to the “technique of waste”, which provoke the exhaustion of the King’s body, and also the waste of accumulative wealth of the kingdom, and brought huge chaos and doom to the dynasty. My argument of the “technique of waste” has extended to the discussion of creative technique involved in literary writing, which had been gaining a lot of attention in late-Tang and Sung, poets were aware of the poor efficacy of “critical allegory” (feng yu諷喻) due to the paradox of flourish and fading which had been seen as nature mechanism, as has been pointed out by Stephen Owen. Poetry had gained its own sovereignty; poetic commentators had discussed the technique of creation enthusiastically and pursued for the perfect poetic scene(境). There are two layers of discussion which closely interrelated with each other: 1. Milou was a symbol of pleasure and crafty achievement, and thus contradictory to the Nature. 2. This essay has further elaborated the relation of the crafty image of Milou with the “clever technique” (巧工) in the poetic notion from Tang to Sung. However, to achieve perfect work for poetry that look like the work of nature(天工), it definitely had to be created through superb technique that can smooth away any crafty traces.

<p>The theoretical discussion of how to define the public sphere relies on Jürgen Habermas’ analysis of the bourgeois public sphere. I the thesis I use two generalized models of both the bourgeois and the representative public sphere. I consider how well the two actors’ engagement in the public sphere fits the two models. By doing this it is possible to show that <i>both</i> models may be used, despite dealing with a time when, according to Habermas, the representative public sphere had disappeared and the bourgeois public sphere was in decline. </p><p>The two actors studied in this thesis emerged from state and society respectively, and therefore were governed by different circumstances in participating in public life. Despite these differences, I demonstrate that their strategies were very similar, and that largely the key issue for both was legitimacy, proven by their popularity, or in other words by their democratically public nature.</p><p>Thanks to a number of new activities, introduced within both organisations, the members became visible in a new way. One can describe it as form replacing content in both organisations, where the original core activities had to make way for new elements. In the thesis I argue for the value of studying <i>actions</i> in the public sphere rather than just models of it.</p><p>The need for these organisations to become, and preferably to remain, popular, arose from the changes that the public sphere itself underwent during the period, becoming what I choose to term a <i>popularised public sphere</i>. Participating in the public sphere then became a matter not only for striving for the right to criticise and influence public power, but equally well of demonstrating oneself to be a credible representative of the participants in public discourse. </p>