本文的目的，在對熊希齡的生平與事業，作客觀的論述與評價；並希望經由此一具體而微、具有代表性的個案研究，管窺溫和型知識分子在巨變的近代中國中如何自處與適應﹖具體言之，即他們政治與社會參與的情形如何﹖他們何以支持君主立憲﹖又何以在辛亥革命爆發之後，轉而支持共和﹖當他們在政治上受挫之後，何去何從﹖在研究方法上，本論文嘗試以建立理論架構的方式，解釋熊希齡的政治與社會行為。該理論架構的建立，主要基於對於其士紳階層身份的認知：熊氏和大部份的溫和型知識分子均來自傳統，接受完整的傳統教育，因此他們雖處於從傳統過渡到現代的一個轉變時期，其政治與社會參與行為大體仍不脫傳統模式。在政治上，因其功名利祿來自政權的授與，故他們往往擁護且依附現政權；在社會上，他們多為財富的擁有者，並扮演著領導者的角色；此外，他們受儒家思想的影響，無時不以天下為己任，遭逢明君，則在廟堂之上發揮其治國平天下的政治理念，退處林下，亦是興學賑災的擔任起服務鄉梓的責任，「進為官，退為紳」，用捨行藏之間，有其明顯的脈胳可尋。經由此一理論架構，有關本文所提熊等溫和型知識分子如何自處與適應、如何「出處」與「進退」的問題，均可獲得解答。本文計共分為五章，除<緒論>、<結論>外，其餘三章內容大致如下： 　　第二章<早期政治參與的嘗試與努力>，主要敘述熊希齡在湖南新政運動及庚子後新政時期立憲運動中的角色，並分析熊希齡何以支持君主立憲﹖何以轉而支持共和﹖第三章<民初政治參與的挫折>，主要敘述熊希齡任「唐內閣」財政總長及「第一流人才內閣」總理的始末與經過。本章的研究成果或可澄清過去史家對熊希齡的一些錯誤印象。例如：熊在財政總長任內並非只知「借款」，而毫無財政政策可言，他不但有財政政策，而且該政策堪稱穩健踏實。第四章<從事社會慈善事業>，敘述熊希齡在政治受挫之後，在政治上無法施展其抱負之後，退而積極扮演士紳的角色，從事大規模的社會救濟事業，並創辦「香山慈幼院」。整體來說，熊希齡堪稱為一位有「暖天下」之志的人，從他在新科舉人聚會上表明了這個志願之後，一直到死為止，可以說他並沒有放棄放棄對這個理想的追求；他一生淡泊名利，並不認為一定要做官才可以施展抱負，因此在他卸下國務總理之後，見時局人心不可為，即急流湧退，從事社會慈善事業近三十年，這構成了熊希齡一生最為人所稱道的地方。

Cost-effective machining of hardened steel (>60 HRC) components such as a large wind turbine bearing poses a significant challenge. This thesis investigates a new laser tempering based hybrid turning approach to machine hardened AISI 52100 steel parts more efficiently and cost effectively. The approach consists of a two step process involving laser tempering of the hardened workpiece surface followed by conventional machining at higher material removal rates using lower cost ceramic tooling to efficiently cut the laser tempered material. The specific objectives of this work are to: (a) study the characteristics of laser tempering of hyper-eutectoid 52100 hardened steel, (b) model the laser tempering process to determine the resulting hardness, and (c) conduct machining experiments to evaluate the performance of the laser tempering based hybrid turning process in terms of forces, tools wear and surface finish. First, the microstructure alterations and phase content in the surface and subsurface layers are analyzed using metallography and x-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. Laser tempering produces distinct regions consisting of - a tempered white layer and a dark layer- in the heat affected subsurface region of the workpiece. The depth of the tempered region is dependent on the laser scanning conditions. Larger overlap of laser scans and smaller scan speeds produce a thicker tempered region. Furthermore, the tempered region is composed of ferrite and martensite and weak traces of retained austenite (~ 1 %). Second, a laser tempering model consisting of a three dimensional analytical model to predict the temperature field generated by laser scanning of 52100 hardened steel and a phase change based hardness model to predict the hardness of the tempered region are developed. The thermal model is used to evaluate the temperature field induced in the subsurface region due to the thermal cycles produced by the laser scanning step. The computed temperature histories are then fed to the phase change model to predict the surface and subsurface hardness. The laser tempering model is used to select the laser scanning conditions that yield the desired hardness reduction at the maximum depth. This model is verified through laser scanning experiments wherein the hardness changes are compared with model predictions. The model is shown to yield predictions that are within 20 % of the measured hardness of the tempered region. Using the laser scanning parameters determined from the laser tempering model, cutting experiments using Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) tools and low cost alumina ceramic tools are conducted to compare the performance of laser tempering based hybrid turning with the conventional hard turning process. The machining experiments demonstrate the possibility of higher material removal rates, lower cutting forces, improved tool wear behavior, and consequently improved tool life in the laser tempering based process. In addition, the laser tempered based hybrid turning process produce is shown to yield lower peak-to-valley surface roughness height than the conventional hard turning process. Furthermore, it is found that lower cost ceramic tools can be used in place of CBN tools without compromising the material removal rate.

Diese Dissertation ist dem Studium temperierter Distributionen mittels mikrolokaler Methoden gewidmet. Die fundamentale Größe der mikrolokalen Analysis, die Wellenfrontmenge, wird durch zwei analoge Konzepte ersetzt, die den pseudo-differentiellen SG- und Shubin-Kalkülen zugeordnet sind. Die Eigenschaften dieser globalen Wellenfrontmengen werden studiert und ferner werden unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten, diese globalen Singularitäten zu charakterisieren, untersucht, insbesondere mittels der FBI-Transformation. Zahlreiche Konstruktionen, die den klassischen Wellenfrontmengenbegriff beinhalten, werden in den globalen Kontext übersetzt, insbesondere Rechenoperationen mit temperierten Distributionen wie etwa (getwistete) Produkte, Pull-backs und Paarungen, für die mikrolokale Existenzkriterien angegeben werden. Als eine Anwendung wird eine Klasse von temperierten Oszillatorintegralen eingeführt, welche durch inhomogene Phasenfunktionen und Amplituden aus SG-Symbolklassen parametrisiert werden. Die SG-Wellenfrontmengen dieser Distributionen werden untersucht und es stellt sich heraus, dass diese durch eine Verallgemeinerung der Menge stationärer Punkte der Phasenfunktionen beschränkt werden. In diesem Kontext wird eine Verallgemeinerung des klassischen Begriffs einer konischen Lagrange-Untermannifaltigkeit des T*R^d vorgenommen und diese Objekte werden auf ihre Parametrisierungseigenschaften untersucht. Es stellt sich heraus, dass jedes solche Objekt lokal als die Menge der stationären Punkte einer SG-Phasenfunktion realisiert werden kann. Als weitere Anwendung werden einige Konstruktionen der axiomatischen Quantenfeldtheorie, die Distributionen beinhalten, im temperierten Kontext realisiert.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-22T18:40:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ GLÊDSON DE SOUSA SILVA – TESE (UAEMa) 2015.pdf: 8998410 bytes, checksum: a46e8373d05a23d7dbcad46b391033a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-22T18:40:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ GLÊDSON DE SOUSA SILVA – TESE (UAEMa) 2015.pdf: 8998410 bytes, checksum: a46e8373d05a23d7dbcad46b391033a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-29 / Voltado para prática da sustentabilidade na construção civil, propõe-se o uso de vidro plano temperado, fragmentado, em substituição à pedra britada em concretos em percentuais de substituição de 0%, 50% e 100%. O trabalho teve como objetivo a análise microestrutural de concretos com traços fixados em 1:3, fatores água/cimento de 0,45, 0,55 e 0,65, submetidos à cura em câmara úmida saturada de hidróxido de cálcio nas idades de 7, 28 e 91 dias. As matériasprimas foram caracterizadas através de análise granulométrica. Os concretos no estado fresco foram classificados através de abatimento por tronco de cone. Os concretos de referência obtiveram classes desde S10 a S160, enquanto que os concretos com adição de vidro variaram de S50 a S220. Os corpos de prova cilíndricos, com dimensões 5 cm x 10 cm, foram submetidos à ensaios de resistência à compressão simples (RCS). Os concreto de referência (0% de vidro) se classificaram com classe de resistência C20 e C25. Já os concretos com percentual de substituição de 50% tevesua classe de resistência variando do C15 ao C30, enquanto que os de 100% de vidro, classes C15 e C20. Empregou-se para o estudo do nível de adesão, na interface vidro/pasta, imagens obtidas via microscopia ótica digital USB, além de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, constatando-seinterfaces bem preservadas mesmo após ruptura sob compressão. Utilizou-se difração de Raios-X constatando-se estruturas semelhantes para os diversos valores intervenientes e média geral de cristalinidade superior a 94%. Através de microanálise por energia dispersiva constatou-se que os concretos com percentuais parcial e total tem natureza química semelhante ao concreto de referência. Os valores de RCS e o comportamento do vidro como agregado graúdo permitem o emprego desse concreto em aplicações estruturais, como lajes e pilares, e aplicações não estruturais, a exemplo de pavimentos e pisos. / Aiming at sustainability practices in civil construction, it isproposed the use of fragmented, flat tempered glass replacing the crushed stone in concrete in replacement percentages of 0%, 50% and 100%. The research aimed at the microstructural analysis in concrete with traces fixed in 1:3, water/cement factors of 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65, and replacement percentage of 0%, 50% and 100%, subjected to curing in a saturated, calcium-hydroxide humid chamber at the ages of 7, 14 and 28 days. The raw materials were characterized by particle size analysis. The concrete in the fresh state was classified in rebate by conical frustum. The concrete of reference obtained classes from S10 toS160, whereas the concrete with glass addition ranged from S50 to S220. The cylindrical specimens with dimensions of 5 cm x 10 cm underwent strength tests in simple compression(RCS). The concrete of reference(0% of glass) were qualified with resistance class of C20 and C25, and the resistance class of the concrete with replacement rate of 50% ranged from C15 to C30, whereas the class of the concrete with the rate of 100% ranged from C15 to C20. To the study of the adhesion level in the glass/pasteinterface, there were used images that were obtained via USB digital microscopy and scanning electron microscope, noting well preserved interfaces even after rupture under compression. It was used x-ray diffraction in the process, noting similar structures for the various factors and crystallinity average value greater than 94%. Using dispersive energy microanalysis, it was discovered that the concrete with partial and full percentage has its chemical nature similar to the concreteof reference. The values of RCS and the behavior of glass as coarse aggregate permit the use of concrete in structural applications such as slabs and pillars, and in non-structural ones, like in pavings and floors.

Ce manuscrit porte sur la modélisation et l'estimation de certaines non-stationnarités dans les signaux audio. Nous nous intéressons particulièrement à une classe de modèles de sons que nous nommons timbre*dynamique dans lesquels un signal stationnaire, associé au phénomène physique à l'origine du son, est déformé au cours du temps par un opérateur linéaire unitaire, appelé opérateur de déformation, associé à l'évolution temporelle des caractéristiques de ce phénomène physique. Les signaux audio sont modélisés comme des processus gaussiens généralisés et nous donnons dans un premier temps un ensemble d'outils mathématiques qui étendent certaines notions utilisées en traitement du signal au cas des processus stochastiques généralisés.Nous introduisons ensuite les opérateurs de déformations étudiés dans ce manuscrit. L'opérateur de modulation fréquentielle qui est l'opérateur de multiplication par une fonction à valeurs complexes de module unité, et l'opérateur de changement d'horloge qui est la version unitaire de l'opérateur de composition.Lorsque ces opérateurs agissent sur des processus stationnaires les processus déformés possèdent localement des propriétés de stationnarité et les opérateurs de déformation peuvent être approximés par des opérateurs de translation dans les plans temps-fréquence et temps-échelle. Nous donnons alors des bornes pour les erreurs d'approximation correspondantes. Nous développons ensuite un estimateur de maximum de vraisemblance approché des fonctions de dilatation et de modulation. L'algorithme proposé est testé et validé sur des signaux synthétiques et des sons naurels. / This manuscript deals with the modeling and estimation of certain non-stationarities in audio signals. We are particularly interested in a sound class models which we call dynamic*timbre in which a stationary signal, associated with the physical phenomenon causing the sound, is deformed over time by a linear unitary operator, called deformation operator, associated with the temporal evolution of the characteristics of this physical phenomenon.Audio signals are modeled as generalized Gaussian processes. We give first a set of mathematical tools that extend some classical notions used in signal processing in case of generalized stochastic processes.We then introduce the two deformations operators studied in this manuscript. The frequency modulation operator is the multiplication operator by a complex-valued function of unit module and the time-warping operator is the unit version of the composition operator by a bijective function.When these operators act on generalized stationary processes, deformed process are non-stationary generalized process which locally have stationarity properties and deformation operators can be approximated by translation operators in the time-frequency plans and time-scale.We give accurate versions of these approximations, as well as bounds for the corresponding approximation errors.Based on these approximations, we develop an approximated maximum likelihood estimator of the warping and modulation functions. The proposed algorithm is tested and validated on synthetic signals. Its application to natural sounds confirm the validity of the timbre*dynamic model in this context.

This theses is regarding a proposal of adaptation and extension of an object of an infant school in Pravenec. The object was built in 1963 and it was originally built to serve as a local infant school and creche. It served its original purpose until year 2000 and afterwards was used as a workshop of a textile factory. Since 2010 this object has not been utilised. Adaptation of object includes the alternation of its purpose. Object will be partially re-built and modified in order to be able to serve as a domestic building. There should be three separate housing units created, each with its own entrance. On first level there will be two individual accommodation units. On second level there will be a single apartment designed with an entrance through staircase. Adaptation also includes an overall isolation of the building, exchange of aperture blockage and a new flat roof as current condition of the object does not meet the quality standards.

This thesis explores collage music's formal elements in an attempt to better understand its various themes and apply them in a workable format. I explore the work of John Zorn; how time is perceived in acoustic collage music and the concept of "super tempo"; musical quotation and appropriation in acoustic collage music; the definition of acoustic collage music in relation to other acoustic collage works; and musical montages addressing the works of Charles Ives, Lucciano Berio, George Rochberg, and DJ Orange. The last part of this paper discusses the compositional process used in the works Tempered Confetti and Venni, Viddi, – and how all issues of composing acoustic collage music are addressed therein.

Die Wirkung nichtmetallischer Einschlüsse auf das temperatur- und beanspruchungsratenabhängige Festigkeits-, Verformungs- und Zähigkeitsverhalten des Stahls G42CrMo4 wird erforscht. Die im Rahmen des SFB 920 entwickelten Filter mit funktionalisierter Oberfläche dienten der Reinigung einer vorher bewusst verunreinigten Stahlschmelze. Diese Stähle werden mit kommerziell verfügbaren Stählen verglichen. Das Festigkeits- und Verformungsverhalten wird durch bekannte Modelle beschrieben, um das Zähigkeitsverhalten zu analysieren. Die Messung der bei schlagartiger Beanspruchung und tiefer Temperatur geringeren Zähigkeit erfolgt durch methodisch weiter- und neuentwickelte Versuchsaufbauten. Die geringere Zähigkeit der Stähle, die im Rahmen des SFB 920 hergestellt wurden, wird auf den höheren Einschlussanteil zurückgeführt. Das Zähigkeitsverhalten wird durch ein neues Modell beschrieben, das die fraktographisch ermittelte Einschlussverteilung einbezieht.

No description available.

The thesis "J. S. Bach and His Piano Pieces for Music Art Schools" is focused on interpretation of the piano music of Johann Sebastian Bach. For the right understanding of the composer's musical narratives, it is necessary to acquire the basic knowledge and principles of the music theory in the Baroque era and to become familiar with the environment in which this extraordinary composer had been professionally developing and composing. This musician is presented here as the founder of a modern fingering whose musical language brought a change into musical thinking and he became inspiration and a role model for composers of the next centuries. This thesis highlights the importance of appropriately selected musical materials in piano teaching and it prefers the performance to be as authentic as possible. The main purpose of this paper is to update the knowledge of methodology and to find a comprehensive guide to a correct understanding of musical language of this genius that would help the music teachers introduce to pupils the beauty and timelessness of Bach's musical work and that would motivate them to other musical discoveries and make them desire to be further educated in music.