Based on the increasing complexity of modern avionics, the associated system design processes moved towards Model Driven Architecture (MDA) based processes. Additionally, the demand for higher system autonomy features requires means to further modularise mission systems and to define and establish interactions among the systems’ individual components. Therefore, the ideas of service-oriented computing are currently adapted to established, model driven design processes. With respect to modelling interactions for service components, current approaches are limited to only a fixed set of communication primitives, restricting a service designer’s expressiveness to specify service interaction. In consequence, interaction patterns not included in this basic set have to be reflected in application code, mangling application and communication logic. Furthermore, when service functionality relies on communication semantics which are not provided by the underlying set of primitives, additional emulation behaviour has to be added to the service which makes this mangling even worse. Platform independence is reduced as services can not easily be ported to platforms not natively supporting the selected primitives which contradicts the ideas of model-driven development. Addressing these limitations, this thesis proposes a new model-driven service development process based on Interaction Templates (ITs), promoting interactions among service participants to first class modelling entities. The process focuses on modelling the interactions among service participants. Interaction semantics are explicitly specified in models, beyond pure stereotyping, and gain increased platform independence for services with respect to communication. The process exploits automated Model-to-Model (M2M) and Model-to-Text (M2T) transformations to assist service implementation and to automatically derive interaction realisations on concrete target platforms. This allows for easy replacement and inter-mixing of communication middleware to realise a service’s interactions. This way, services become independent of the underlying communication primitives by only relying on ITs and not platform primitives which are hidden behind ITs. In turn, realising ITs on concrete platforms is not affected by their utilisation for service interaction. Beside the novel modelling process itself, the presented work defines a Unified Modeling Language (UML) profile, referred to as UML Profile for Interaction-centric Services (UP4IS), which directly supports the adaptation of standard UML language constructs and tools for the proposed modelling approach. The whole development process is demonstrated via the specification of a simple video recording systems consisting of two services. The services themselves are based on a representative IT library which forms an essential part of the presented case study. Using these service and IT models, the thesis emphasises the necessary model transformation and code generation steps to derive service implementations based on the abstract models.

Templates sind eine etablierte Technik zur Zusammenführung verschiedener Datenquellen, welche zum Zwecke der Separation of Concerns getrennt gehalten werden sollen. Bei der Benutzung bestehender Ansätze tritt das Problem auf, dass zur Zeit der Erstellung eines Templates keine Aussagen über die Ergebnisse der Ausprägung des Templates gemacht werden können. Die Arbeit konzipiert einen alternativen Template-Ansatz und setzt diesen für XML-basierte Zielsprachen um. Die dadurch ermöglichte sichere templategestützte Verarbeitung von XML-Dokumenten zeichnet sich durch dadurch aus, das bereits zur Erstellungszeit eines Templates Aussagen über das Ergebnis der Template-Ausprägung getroffen werden können. Darüber hinaus adressiert der neue Ansatz weitere Fehlerquellen, welche typischerweise bei der Ausprägung von Templates auftreten.

Submitted by Pedro Henrique Pereira (pedro.pereirasp@gmail.com) on 2018-06-26T14:21:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaçãoPedroHenriquePereira_VersãoFinal.pdf: 4177619 bytes, checksum: 063cd34385c56ed5081e839a845767b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-06-26T17:55:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_ph_me_ilha.pdf: 4177619 bytes, checksum: 063cd34385c56ed5081e839a845767b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-26T17:55:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_ph_me_ilha.pdf: 4177619 bytes, checksum: 063cd34385c56ed5081e839a845767b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho propõe-se um método que envolve diferentes técnicas de processamento digital de imagem para a correção automática de cartão de respostas utilizados em avaliações de múltipla- escolha, vestibulares, concursos ou processos de seleção. O método tem como base um modelo de referência onde são identificados os seguintes elementos do cartão: campos de marcação das opções, número de opção de cada questão e uma imagem de marcação para identificar as extremidades da folha. No trabalho foi aplicada a técnica de Correlação Cruzada Normalizada para identificação da imagem na extremidade da folha. A Transformada de Hough foi utilizada para identificação das áreas onde se realiza a marcação das opções. Para identificar qual a questão que foi marcada utilizou-se a contagem de pixel. Foram realizados testes com 1.154 gabaritos contendo 40 questões, preenchidos no vestibular de uma faculdade particular. O tempo médio para correção de cada cartão foi de 1,39 segundos. A precisão do método foi avaliada utilizando-se 5% dos cartões digitalizados e processados. Basicamente, a avaliação foi realizada conferindo-se visualmente cada cartão e comparando os resultados com os gerados pela correção automática. O índice de acerto com as amostras utilizadas foi de 100%, o que comprova a eficiência do método proposto. / This work proposes a method that involves different techniques of digital image processing for automatic correction of card responses used in multiple-choice evaluations, “vestibular”, contests or selection processes. The method is based on a reference model where the following elements of the card are identified: marking fields of the options, the option number of each question and a marking image to identify the edges of the sheet. In this work, the Normalized Cross-Correlation technique was applied to identify the image at the leaf end. The Hough Transform was used to identify the areas where the options are marked. To identify which question was selected, the pixel count was used. We performed tests with 1.154 templates containing 40 questions that were completed in the entrance examination of a private college. The average time to correct each card was 1.39 seconds. Samples were collected on 5% of the scanned and processed cards by the method to verify their accuracy. The total sampled was visually checked with the results presented by the application of the method and it was verified the percentage of 100% of correct answers in the reading of the markings. / CAPES: 515/2017

Orientador: Jozué Vieira Filho / Resumo: Neste trabalho propõe-se um método que envolve diferentes técnicas de processamento digital de imagem para a correção automática de cartão de respostas utilizados em avaliações de múltipla- escolha, vestibulares, concursos ou processos de seleção. O método tem como base um modelo de referência onde são identificados os seguintes elementos do cartão: campos de marcação das opções, número de opção de cada questão e uma imagem de marcação para identificar as extremidades da folha. No trabalho foi aplicada a técnica de Correlação Cruzada Normalizada para identificação da imagem na extremidade da folha. A Transformada de Hough foi utilizada para identificação das áreas onde se realiza a marcação das opções. Para identificar qual a questão que foi marcada utilizou-se a contagem de pixel. Foram realizados testes com 1.154 gabaritos contendo 40 questões, preenchidos no vestibular de uma faculdade particular. O tempo médio para correção de cada cartão foi de 1,39 segundos. A precisão do método foi avaliada utilizando-se 5% dos cartões digitalizados e processados. Basicamente, a avaliação foi realizada conferindo-se visualmente cada cartão e comparando os resultados com os gerados pela correção automática. O índice de acerto com as amostras utilizadas foi de 100%, o que comprova a eficiência do método proposto. / Abstract: This work proposes a method that involves different techniques of digital image processing for automatic correction of card responses used in multiple-choice evaluations, “vestibular”, contests or selection processes. The method is based on a reference model where the following elements of the card are identified: marking fields of the options, the option number of each question and a marking image to identify the edges of the sheet. In this work, the Normalized Cross-Correlation technique was applied to identify the image at the leaf end. The Hough Transform was used to identify the areas where the options are marked. To identify which question was selected, the pixel count was used. We performed tests with 1.154 templates containing 40 questions that were completed in the entrance examination of a private college. The average time to correct each card was 1.39 seconds. Samples were collected on 5% of the scanned and processed cards by the method to verify their accuracy. The total sampled was visually checked with the results presented by the application of the method and it was verified the percentage of 100% of correct answers in the reading of the markings. / Mestre

Les matériaux d’oxyde de silice et de titane sont présents dans de nombreux domaines (chimie, environnemental, médical, pharmaceutique, etc.). Le principal problème de ces matériaux concerne les forts coûts financier et environnemental de leur synthèse. Dans ce travail de recherche, l’objectif fut de résoudre cette problématique. Ainsi, une nouvelle synthèse d’oxyde de silice a été élaborée. Ces nanostructures ont été analysées par les méthodes de caractérisation classique en sciences des matériaux (Adsorption volumétrique N2, Analyse Thermogravimétrique (ATG), …). Les propriétés viscoélastiques des milieux réactionnels ont été déterminées par micro-rhéologie. Une stratégie d’élimination de certaines familles de surfactant non ioniques (poloxamères et polyéthoxydes) utilisées comme template dans les synthèses de matériaux mésoporeux à base de silice (SBA-n, MSU-X, …) a été également mise en œuvre. Cette procédure a permis à la fois de récupérer les surfactants et d’obtenir des matériaux aux propriétés physicochimiques remarquables, identifiées par les mêmes méthodes d’instrumentation. Après fonctionnalisation de leur surface, les matériaux lavés semblent plus efficaces en termes d’adsorption de composés organiques que leurs homologues calcinés. Etendu aux oxydes de titane, tout aussi efficace pour éliminer les composés tensio-actifs, le procédé de lavage semble produire à partir d’un pourcentage de TiO2 (> 70 %) des matériaux hautement réactifs en photocatalyse et au pouvoir antibactérien assez élevé. / Silica and titanium oxides are present in many fields (chemistry, environmental, medical, pharmaceutical, etc…). The main problem of these materials concerns the synthesis financial and environmental costs. In this work, the aim was to solve this problem. A new greener silica oxide nanoparticles synthesis was prepared. These nanomaterials have been analyzed by the conventional characterization methods in material sciences (N2 volumetric adsorption, Thermogravitometric Analysis (TGA),...). The viscoelastic properties of the reaction media were determined by micro-rheology. A strategy for the elimination of non-ionic surfactant families (poloxamers and polyethylene oxide) ) used as template in the synthesis of mesoporous materials based on silica (SBA-n, MSU-X, ....) was also implemented. This procedure allowed to recover the surfactants and to obtain materials with remarkable physicochemical properties identified by the same methods instrumentation. After functionalization of the surface, the washed materials appear to be more efficient in terms of adsorption of organic compounds as their calcined counterparts. Extended to titanium oxide, the washing process seems to produce from a percentage of TiO2 (> 70%) highly reactive materials in photocatalysis and with a high antibacterial power.

The rapid growth in the development of Internet-basedinformation systems increases the demand for natural langu-ageinterfaces that are easy to set up and maintain. Unfortunately,the problem of understanding natural language queries is farfrom being solved. Therefore this research proposes a simplertask of matching a one-sentence-long user question to a numberof question templates, which cover the knowledge domain of theinformation system, without in-depth understanding of the userquestion itself.The research started with development of an FAQ(Frequently Asked Question) answering system that providespre-stored answers to user questions asked in ordinary English.The language processing technique developed for FAQ retrievaldoes not analyze user questions. Instead, analysis is appliedto FAQs in the database long before any user questions aresubmitted. Thus, the work of FAQ retrieval is reduced tokeyword matching without understanding the questions, and thesystem still creates an illusion of intelligence.Further, the research adapted the FAQ answering techniqueto a question-answering interface for a structured database,e.g., relational database. The entity-relationship model of thedatabase is covered with an exhaustive collection of questiontemplates - dynamic, parameterized "frequently asked questions"- that describe the entities, their attributes, and therelationships in form of natural language questions. Unlike astatic FAQ, a question template contains entity slots - freespace for data instances that represent the main concepts inthe question. In order to answer a user question, the systemfinds matching question templates and data instances that fillthe entity slots. The associated answer templates create theanswer.Finally, the thesis introduces a generic model oftemplate-based question answering which is a summary andgene-ralization of the features common for the above systems:they (i) split the application-specific knowledge domain into anumber of question-specific knowledge domains, (ii) attach aquestion template, whose answer is known in advance, to eachknowledge domain, and (iii) match the submitted user questionto each question template within the context of its ownknowledge domain. Keywords:automated question answering, FAQ answering,question-answering system, template-based question answering,question template, natural language based interface / <p>NR 20140805</p>

Templates sind eine etablierte Technik zur Zusammenführung verschiedener Datenquellen, welche zum Zwecke der Separation of Concerns getrennt gehalten werden sollen. Bei der Benutzung bestehender Ansätze tritt das Problem auf, dass zur Zeit der Erstellung eines Templates keine Aussagen über die Ergebnisse der Ausprägung des Templates gemacht werden können. Die Arbeit konzipiert einen alternativen Template-Ansatz und setzt diesen für XML-basierte Zielsprachen um. Die dadurch ermöglichte sichere templategestützte Verarbeitung von XML-Dokumenten zeichnet sich durch dadurch aus, das bereits zur Erstellungszeit eines Templates Aussagen über das Ergebnis der Template-Ausprägung getroffen werden können. Darüber hinaus adressiert der neue Ansatz weitere Fehlerquellen, welche typischerweise bei der Ausprägung von Templates auftreten.

Having conducted the research described in this thesis I found that there exists a possibility to produce polyelectrolyte nanostructures on hydrophobic surfaces by application of the moving contact line approach. It was demonstrated that the morphology of nanostructures displays a range of structure variations from root-like to a single wire structure with a high anisotropy and aspect ratio (providing diameters of several nanometers and the length limited by the sample surface dimensions). Such nanostructures can be produced exactly on the spot of interest or can be transferred from the surface where they were produced to any other surfaces by the contact printing technique. A model describing the polymer deposition during the moving contact line processes on hydrophobic surfaces has been proposed. The application of this model provides the ground for an explanation of all the obtained experimental data. Utilizing moving contact line approach aligned one-dimensional polycation structures were fabricated and these structures were used as templates for assembling amphiphile molecules. Quasiperiodic aligned and oriented nanostructures of polyelectrolyte molecules formed in moving droplets were utilized for fabrication of electrically conductive one-dimensional nanowires.

This qualitative study examines an asynchronous online course from a private university utilizing a template model for all online courses to provide students with consistent navigation and course structure throughout their degree program. The asynchronous online courses are purposely created using three criteria of quality course design: navigation is intuitive, information is chunked, and instructions are written clearly. A two-part usability test was conducted with three internal and three external participants. The two-part usability test focused on course navigation and examined the signaling, segmenting, and coherence principles applied to course content page layouts. Transcripts from the usability tests and observational field notes were coded through an iterative process in Nvivo. Through emic and etic coding, seven main categories were identified: user experience, cognitive load, multimedia learning principles, page design and layout attributes, course navigational attributes, course attributes and information, and participant navigational behavior. The findings for first-day navigation, general navigational behaviors, and perceptions of design elements used to implement the signaling, segmenting, and coherence principle are discussed. Course design recommendations for creating a positive usability experience and suggestions for future research are provided.

The current trend in industry to encourage engineering designers to take an active part in the analysis of their own design solutions is apparent in many companies today, domestically as well as abroad. From a research project with the objective to develop a computer-based design system for the design of lightweight grippers, one of the major difficulties was to overcome the system users’ lack of knowledge and experience in the design of lightweight structures and Computer-Based Design Analysis (CBDA). CBDA here refers to the use of analysis tools such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and computer-based structural optimization. In order to handle these difficulties, the author introduced the use of templates. In the given context, a template refers to an especially preformatted code, which contains the implemented information/knowledge necessary to perform a specific task on an operational level. It should be noted that the use of templates as a means of support in performing a specific design or analysis task is not a new phenomenon in industrial practice. Inspired by the opportunities provided by the template approach, the main objective set out for the thesis project was to facilitate the active participation of the engineering designers in performing CBDA singlehandedly, or in any other organizational setting, by utilizing a Template-Based Design Analysis (TBDA) approach, as an integrated part of their activities within the engineering design process. The evolutionary research approach for the development of the TBDA approach is based on surveys in Swedish as well as international industry, literature surveys, the development of a Generic Design Analysis (GDA) process model (facilitating integration of the activities between CBDA and engineering design) and a number of demonstrator projects to deepen the insights into TBDA. Note that as the TBDA approach is intended for use in industrial practice, the approach is independent of specific engineering design and product development processes utilized in industry. The conclusion of the thesis work clearly supports the claim that TBDA is not only a competitive approach to current alternatives in supporting the engineering designers performing CBDA, but also of a complementary nature providing functionality not included in the alternative approaches currently used in industrial practice. / Vid framtagning av nya produkter måste man utgå ifrån de behov som den blivande kunden ställer i form av krav och önskemål på produkten för att den ska vara intressant att inhandla och använda. För att säkerställa att den blivande produkten har de egenskaper som efterfrågas, används idag omfattande simuleringar av den blivande produktens egenskaper. Simuleringar består i avancerade beräkningar med hjälp av dator. Genom att utföra dessa tidigt i utvecklingsarbetet, så kan man väsentligen korta ned tiden för utveckling och konstruktion av produkten. Detta uppnås framför allt genom att minska behovet av att bygga och prova prototyper. Beräkningar i utvecklings- och konstruktionsarbetet spelar därför idag en väsentlig roll för att ta fram konkurrenskraftiga produkter på ett snabbt och effektivt sätt. I denna avhandling har ett nytt tillvägagångssätt tagits fram för att låta konstruktörer själva beräkna sina konstruktionsförslag. Hittills har merparten av alla beräkningar av detta slag genomförts av beräkningsingenjörer. Nu kan man genom att tillämpa den i avhandlingen framtagna tillvägagångssättet att med hjälp av digitala mallar (program för att lösa speciella uppgifter i konstruktionsarbetet) och det föreslagna tillvägagångssättet MallBaserad KonstruktionsAnalys (MBKA) tillåta att konstruktörer, som vanligtvis inte är specialister på beräkningar, självständigt kan utföra sådana analyser. Mallarnas roll är alltså att överbrygga brister i kompetens och erfarenheter av konstruktionsberäkningar. Redan idag finns konkurrerande sätt att tillåta konstruktörer att delta i beräkningsarbetet, men då oftast med direkt stöd av en beräkningsingenjör och med tillgång till riktlinjer. Dessa kräver att konstruktören har en viss grundkompetens för att kunna följa och tillämpa dessa. MBKA ställer inte dessa krav på kompetens och insikter, vilket gör att den kan betraktas inte bara som en konkurrent till existerande tillvägagångssätt utan också erbjuda ett helt unikt och nytt stöd genom att inte kräva kunskaper och insikter om konstruktionsberäkningar. Av de reaktioner som erhållits i intervjuer i svensk industri, så ter sig framtiden för MBKA som mycket lovande. Många företag funderar redan idag på att införa tillvägagångssättet. Innan så kan ske, måste dock MBKA utvecklas ytterligare, vilket är målet för den fortsatta forskningen. / <p>ISRN LUTMDN/TMKT-15/1032-SE</p>