The construction of mechanically interlocked molecules has been the subject of decades of research. The efficiency of strategies for preparing these molecules has increased continuously. In recent years, the transition metal templation strategy has played quite a remarkable role in the synthesis of entwined or mechanically bonded structures due to the metals’ diverse coordination chemistry and ability to chelate ligands. In the early stages of this method’s development, the metal ions were used as integral part of the scaffold for such components as rings and stoppers to generate the interlocked structures. In newly developed active metal templation strategies, metal ions are used to promote covalent bond forming reactions while simultaneously acting as structural supports. In this thesis, three main aspects are expanded for the discussion of the application of metal template strategies. First of all, the newly developed strategy - active metal template - will be described and exemplified using the Huisgen-Meldal-Fokin Cu(I)- catalyzed 1,3-cycloaddition of azides with terminal alkynes (the CuAAC “click” reaction), the Cu(I)-mediated Cadiot-Chodkiewicz heterocoupling of an alkyne halide with a terminal alkyne, and the Ni(II)-catalyzed Csp3-Csp3 homocoupling reaction. Secondly, the thesis discusses the use of these strategies to obtain several hard-to-access structures, including the first high-yielding doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes, heterocircuitcatenanes and the one pot synthesis of homocircuit-catenanes, and the smallest molecular trefoil knot prepared to date. Lastly, as an extension of the metal temptation strategy, the final chapter of this thesis will discuss the assembly of inorganic metal-organic catenanes by metal coordination.

In this article, we examined different synthetic approaches with varying adding starting materials for the thiol containg schiff-base complex [ZnL1]2(L1=o-C6H4(SH)(CH=NC6H4SH-o)). We found that the key step for successful synthesis of [ZnL1]2 is the formation of zinc aldehyde intermediate. We also break the [ZnL2]2 dimer by adding chelating agent, TMEDA, to obtain the Zn(L1)(TMEDA) monomer. It¡¦s single crystal X-ray structure confirmed, the structure of the target ligand L1. We also synthesized [NiL1]2 by transmetalation of [ZnL1]2 - an easier synthetic approach. We further reduced the imine part on L1 of [ZnL1]2 and Zn(L1)(TMEDA) to get [ZnL2]2(L2=o-C6H4(SH)(CH2NHC6H4SH-o)) and Zn(L2)(TMEDA) respectively for future reactivity studies.

Workshop "Netz- und Service-Infrastrukturen" Überblicksvortrag XSLT. Arbeitsweise, Kontrollfluss, Elemente und Funktionen

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The Advanced Encryption Standard is one of the most common encryption algorithms. It is highly resistant to mathematical and statistical attacks, however, this security is based on the assumption that an adversary cannot access the algorithm’s internal state during encryption or decryption. Power analysis is a type of side-channel analysis that exploit information leakage through the power consumption of physical realisations of cryptographic systems. Power analysis attacks capture intermediate results during AES execution, which combined with knowledge of the plaintext or the ciphertext can reveal key material. This thesis studies and compares simple power analysis, differential power analysis and template attacks using a cheap consumer oscilloscope against AES-128 implemented on an 8-bit microcontroller. Additionally, the shuffling and masking countermeasures are evaluated in terms of security and performance. The thesis also presents a practical approach to template building and device characterisation. The results show that attacking a naive implementation with differential power analysis requires little effort, both in preparation and computation time. Template attacks require the least amount of measurements but requires significant preparation. Simple power analysis by itself cannot break the key but proves helpful in simplifying the other attacks. It is found that shuffling significantly increases the number of traces required to break the key while masking forces the attacker to use higher-order techniques.

This thesis is concerned with the approximation of Cartesian coordinate data by parametric curves and surfaces, with an emphasis upon a technique known as parametric orthogonal distance regression (parametric ODR). The technique has become increasingly popular in the literature over the past decade and has applications in a wide range of fields, including metrology-the science of measurement, and computer aided design (CAD) modelling. Typically, the data are obtained by recording points measured in the surface of some physical artefact, such as a manufactured part. Parametric ODR involves minimizing the shortest distances from the data to the curve or surface in some norm. Under moderate assumptions, these shortest distances are orthogonal projections from the data onto the approximant, hence the nomenclature ODR. The motivation behind this type of approximation is that, by using a distance-based measure, the resulting best fit curve or surface is independent of the position or orientation of the physical artefact from which the data is obtained. The thesis predominately concerns itself with parametric ODR in a least squares setting, although it is indicated how the techniques described can be extended to other error measures in a fairly straightforward manner. The parametric ODR problem is formulated mathematically, and a detailed survey of the existing algorithms for solving it is given. These algorithms are then used as the basis for developing new techniques, with an emphasis placed upon their efficiency and reliability. The algorithms (old and new) detailed in this thesis are illustrated by problems involving well-known geometric elements such as lines, circles, ellipse and ellipsoids, as well as spline curves and surfaces. Numerical considerations specific to these individual elements, including ones not previously reported in the literature, are addressed. We also consider a sub-problem of parametric ODR known as template matching, which involves mapping in an optimal way a set of data into the same frame of reference as a fixed curve or surface.

Kryžiažodis - žaidimas, kuriame spėjami žodžiai ir įrašomi į tam tikru būdu piešiamus langelius. Dažniausiai žodžiai susikerta. Kryžiažodžiai yra laikomi populiariaisiais ir labiausiai pasaulyje paplitusiais galvosūkiais. Magistro darbo teorinėje dalyje aprašomi kryžiažodžių tipai, analizuojamos esamos kryžiažodžių kūrimo programos, šablono sąvoka. Praktinėje dalyje aprašoma sukurta programa, jos veikimo principai, problemos, su kuriomis buvo susidurta programos kūrimo metu. Šis darbas demonstruoja ActionScript 3 technologijos galimybę, efektyvumą. Darbo metu susipažinta su nauja Adobe AIR technologija. / Crossword is a game in which you write words which are the answers to questions in a pattern of specially drawn squares. Mostly words intersect. Crosswords are thought to be the most popular and the most widely spread puzzles. In the theoretical part of master paper types of crosswords are described, existing crossword making programmes are analyzed. The created programme, its working principles, problems faced while creating it are described in the practical part. This paper demonstrates possibility and efficiency of ActionScript 3 technology. In the process of work new Adobe AIR technology faced.

This master work seeks to create and to install passports and visas issue information system and to make MVC framework which may be used in other information systems creation process. Passports and visas issues information system was designed in order to automate the process of giving passports and visas. To create this information system was programmed MVC framework. Mentioned framework is able to call modules methods from template files. This ability makes programming process more speedy. This master work consists of such steps: reviewing similar passports and visas issue information systems, analyzing MVC framework, choosing templates class, programming languages and according to MVC framework was created passports and visas issue web application. It will be observed that passports and visas issue information system is installed and used in practically and the experience of exploatation is 0.5 years.

Large quantities of bulk grain are moved using graincars in Canada and other parts of the world. Automation has not progressed significantly in the grain industry probably because the market is limited for automated systems. A prototype of a robot (“Grain-o-bot”) using machine vision to automatically open and close graincar hopper gates and detect the contents of the graincar was built and studied. The “Grain-o-bot” was a Cartesian robot equipped with two cameras and an opening tool as the end-effector. One camera acted as the eye to determine the sprocket location, and guided the end-effector to the sprocket opening. For most applications, machine vision solutions based on pattern recognition were developed using images acquired in a laboratory setting. Major constraints with these solutions occurred when implementing them in real world applications. So the first step for this automation was to correctly identify the hopper gate sprocket on the grain car. Algorithms were developed to detect and identify the sprocket under proper lighting conditions with 100% accuracy. The performance of the algorithms was also evaluated for the identification of the sprocket on a grain car exposed to different lighting conditions, which are expected to occur in typical grain unloading facilities. Monochrome images of the sprocket from a model system were acquired using different light. Correlation and pattern recognition techniques using a template image combined with shape detection were used for sprocket identification. The images were pre-processed using image processing techniques, prior to template matching. The template image developed from the light source that was similar to the light source used to acquire ii images was more successful in identifying the sprocket than the template image developed using different light sources. A sample of the graincar content was taken by slightly opening and immediately closing the hopper gates. The sample was identified by taking an image using the second camera and performing feature matching. An accuracy of 99% was achieved in identifying Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat and 100% for identifying barley and canola.

Mr John George Russell holds a special place in New Zealand’s relatively brief tax history. He is a person who has challenged Inland Revenue’s authority and the taxing statutes more than any other individual. If Mr Russell had followed his father’s early advice and studied engineering he may have taken over the family farm on the outskirts of Hamilton and by now have been enjoying a peaceful retirement. Instead, his enjoyment of the accounting subjects taken at college, which he had enrolled into in error, ultimately led him to becoming a leading figure in the development of the then emerging New Zealand money market, and the managing director of the merchant bank Securitibank. Novel approaches to commercial issues and tenacity in litigation are the trademarks of Mr Russell, Auckland tax advisor and business consultant. Mr Russell is well known in New Zealand tax circles as the creator and defender of the ‘Russell tax template’, developed in the 1980s as a mechanism to turn the ‘water’ of taxable receipts into the ‘wine’ of untaxed gains. Template related issues are still being litigated some three decades later. There have been many cases related to the template covering both substantive and procedural issues. Mr Russell has had limited success on procedural grounds claiming his wins have been the result of good luck more than anything else. He strongly claims Inland Revenue have run a vendetta against him for many years. Inland Revenue have taken several different ‘Tracks’ when assessing various parties it considered received the tax advantage from the template. The ‘Tracks’ used to assess various parties are also regarded by Mr Russell as a vendetta tactic. Ultimately the litigation has led to ‘Track E’ with Inland Revenue personally assessing Mr Russell for tax, penalties and interest totalling in excess of NZD $200 million (underlying core tax of $15 million). A Court of Appeal decision found for Inland Revenue and confirmed Mr Russell’s personal tax assessment. Leave to the Supreme Court was not granted and Mr Russell has recently commented that a ‘Track F’ may now exist. Mr Russell has accused the Commissioner of Inland Revenue of fraud in respect of backdated assessments, and Inland Revenue have accused Mr Russell of fraud in relation to backdated documents. Mr Russell commented during one of our interviews when challenged about document backdating that “the only difference between an honest person and a dishonest one is often a date.” This thesis attempts to provide the reader with not only an overview of the litigation associated with Mr Russell, but also seeks to provide an insight into the person of Mr Russell. The Russell tax template was held to be a tax avoidance structure by the Privy Council in 2001. I did not intend to debate the merits of the Russell template with Mr Russell. One of the least known postures of Inland Revenue’s Compliance Model is that of the ‘game player’. It would appear that Mr Russell has many tendencies attributed to a person classified under this framework to be a classic game player. This thesis attempts to provide an in-depth overview of perhaps Inland Revenue’s most litigious taxpayer and asks whether Inland Revenue are now on ‘track’ to a conclusion. This thesis considers Mr Russell’s contribution to tax jurisprudence by looking at his journey over the last 30 years, giving the reader an insight into the life of Mr Russell.