Orientador: Florivaldo Menezes Filho / Banca: Alexandre Roberto Lunsqui / Banca: Silvio Ferraz Mello Filho / Resumo: Este trabalho detém-se sobre o conceito de periodicidade generalizada, desenvolvida pelo compositor belga Henri Pousseur (1929-2009), com intuito de investigar algumas das mais notáveis transformações ocorridas na organização rítmica e temporal da música do século XX, especialmente na produção ligada à experiência do serialismo integral no pós-guerra europeu. A periodicidade também será abordada do ponto de vista da Teoria da Informação, de acordo com as formulações do teórico francês Abraham Moles (1920-1992), referência fundamental para o trabalho deste compositor. Segue-se, então, a exposição teórica da periodicidade generalizada, complementada por um caso prático de aplicação composicional por meio de uma análise da obra Apostrophe et six réflexions, escrita por Henri Pousseur na época da formulação deste conceito. / Abstract: This work is centered on the concept of generalized periodicity as proposed by Belgian composer Henri Pousseu (1929-2009), aiming to investigate some of the most remarkable transformations in rhythmic and temporal organization in 20th century concert music, specifically concerning the experience of serialism in post-war Europe. Periodicity is also approached through Information Theory, accordingly to the developments made by French theorist Abraham Moles (1920-1992), fundamental reference for Pousseur's work. After a conceptual presentation of the generalized periodicity, a case study of its compositional application is provided by an analysis of the work Apostrophe et six réflexions (1964-1966), written by the Belgian composer by the time this concept was formulated. / Mestre

The study aims to describe and to explain some temporal aspects of the rhythmic structure of Swedish, and to compare Swedish, Spanish, and Finnish, characterized as rhythmically different languages. The temporal effects of some manipulations believed to have consequences for rhythm were studied in a series of experiments based on sets of Swedish sentences. These manipulations included the length of stress groups - the number of unstressed syllables between stressed ones - and their structural properties. Also the length of the surrounding stress group was varied, as well as speech rate. The results indicated the presence of several interacting factors. First, there was an inverse relation between the length of the phrase and the duration of the stress group: phrase-lenqth adjustments. Ihe effects were similar to those obtained when speech rate was independently varied. Secondly, adjacent stress groups were adjusted so that differences of duration were counteracted: stress-qroup adjustments. In addition, in longer stress groups rhythmic alternation between unstressed syllables occurred. Finally, there was an interplay between rhythm and language structure. This was evident from the stability of the temporal manifestations of the quantity distinction and the distinction between stressed and unstressed syllables irrespective of the experimental manipulations. The results were interpreted in terms of a process model of speech rhythm, the generality of which was considered in the cross-language comparisons. The presence of similar temporal effects in all three languages was taken to support assumptions of language-independent processing constraints. Deviations from the general pattern were explainable in terms of differences of language structure and adjustments to preserve important structural properties, especially quantity relations. / <p>Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1985</p> / digitalisering@umu

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 valente_radv_me_ia.pdf: 5170774 bytes, checksum: 5556c1060ee813a9998d85dbe46f1228 (MD5) / Este trabalho detém-se sobre o conceito de periodicidade generalizada, desenvolvida pelo compositor belga Henri Pousseur (1929-2009), com intuito de investigar algumas das mais notáveis transformações ocorridas na organização rítmica e temporal da música do século XX, especialmente na produção ligada à experiência do serialismo integral no pós-guerra europeu. A periodicidade também será abordada do ponto de vista da Teoria da Informação, de acordo com as formulações do teórico francês Abraham Moles (1920-1992), referência fundamental para o trabalho deste compositor. Segue-se, então, a exposição teórica da periodicidade generalizada, complementada por um caso prático de aplicação composicional por meio de uma análise da obra Apostrophe et six réflexions, escrita por Henri Pousseur na época da formulação deste conceito. / This work is centered on the concept of generalized periodicity as proposed by Belgian composer Henri Pousseu (1929-2009), aiming to investigate some of the most remarkable transformations in rhythmic and temporal organization in 20th century concert music, specifically concerning the experience of serialism in post-war Europe. Periodicity is also approached through Information Theory, accordingly to the developments made by French theorist Abraham Moles (1920-1992), fundamental reference for Pousseur´s work. After a conceptual presentation of the generalized periodicity, a case study of its compositional application is provided by an analysis of the work Apostrophe et six réflexions (1964-1966), written by the Belgian composer by the time this concept was formulated.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Lucia Fernandes Langoni.pdf: 3259642 bytes, checksum: 8d853ef4ede18cdb0dc855b5be832170 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this research is to analyze the temporal organization and the lifestyle quality of a group of high executives that live and work for some big companies in Sao Paulo City. Based on some studies of the Environmental Psychology field, the main questions this research deals with are how the executives organize their daily routines and deal out their own time and, if so, how organization and managing of time influence the executives perception of their own lifestyle quality. The participants of this research are 10 high executives (directors, vice-presidents or presidents), 5 male and 5 female, due to verify possible differences between men and women. Semi Structured Interviews, the Lifestyle Quality Self-evaluation Tool (Bassani, Corrêa & Einstadt, 2002) and Temporal Organization Self-evaluation Tool, adapted from Goldenstein (2011), were employed as resources due to investigate the way these executives organize their own time and how much they are satisfied with their ranges of health, education, culture, sexual life, spiritual life, profession, family, society, emotions and free-time activities, which has shown an overview of the participants as a group. The results indicate most of the participants, 8 in a group of 10, consider themselves pleased with the lifestyle quality they earned and they also reckon that the temporal organization has a deep impact on their satisfaction self-evaluation (2 of them consider themselves neutral about the lifestyle they earned). Furthermore, the results also demonstrate that the temporal organization influences the participants self-evaluation, and it represents a high impact in their daily routines for 8 of the 10 participants. The ranges also reflect participants satisfaction, only 17% of dissatisfaction: familiar and professional ranges have reached the higher satisfaction levels. On the other hand, cultural and spiritual ranges, the lower ones. However, these last two ranges indicate more neutrality than dissatisfaction. All of the women evaluate themselves as satisfied. In the case of men, 3 of them are satisfied and 2 consider themselves neutral. This research demonstrates that the executives are conscious of their own choices, and it has it reflects on how they organize and distribute their own time. (Sponsor: CNPQ) / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a organização temporal e a qualidade de vida de um grupo de altos executivos que reside e trabalha na cidade de São Paulo, em empresas de grande porte. Baseada nos estudos da Psicologia Ambiental, a questão norteadora foi investigar se e como a forma de os executivos organizarem suas rotinas e distribuírem o próprio tempo influenciava a avaliação que faziam da própria qualidade de vida. Participaram do estudo dez altos executivos (diretores, vice-presidentes ou presidentes), sendo cinco do sexo masculino e cinco do sexo feminino, o que permitiu observar eventuais diferenças entre os gêneros. Entrevistas semiestruturadas, o Instrumento de Autoavaliação de Qualidade de Vida (Bassani, Corrêa e Einstadt, 2002) e o Instrumento de Autoavaliação de Organização do Tempo, adaptado de Goldenstein (2011) foram utilizados como ferramentas para investigar como esses executivos organizam seu tempo e o quanto estão satisfeitos nos seguintes âmbitos: saúde, educacional, cultural, sexual/amorosa, espiritual, profissional, familiar, social, emocional e de lazer, avaliados nos instrumentos. A análise, realizada individualmente e por âmbito, possibilitou uma visão grupal. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria do grupo está satisfeita com a própria qualidade de vida, já que oito dos dez participantes se autoavaliaram como satisfeitos e dois como neutros. Além disso, apontaram que a organização temporal influenciava a autoavaliação do grupo, impacto considerado alto para oito dos dez participantes. Os âmbitos também registraram satisfação; apenas 17% das avaliações acusaram insatisfação. Familiar e profissional obtiveram os maiores graus de satisfação. Cultural e o espiritual acusaram os menores graus de satisfação, no entanto, mais próximos da neutralidade do que da insatisfação. Todo o grupo feminino se autoavaliou como satisfeito e, no masculino, houve três satisfeitos e dois neutros. O estudo mostrou que os participantes estão conscientes de suas escolhas, o que se reflete na forma como organizam o tempo de que dispõem

This study delves into the temporal organization of music and investigates how double bassists from different musical traditions perceive various components within it, specifically focusing on jazz music and Western classical music. The aim was to explore potential disparities and ascertain the factors influencing their emergence. Respondents in the study have discussed how various teachers, akin to researchers in the field, have different interpretations of aspects within the temporal organization of music and how this has influenced their perspectives on phenomena such as pulse, rhythm, meter, and timing. Four semi-structured interviews were conducted, comprising two respondents enrolled in or having completed a bachelor's program in jazz and two in classical music. The empirical data underwent analysis using the Community of Practice theory, emphasizing how individuals, based on interests, areas of expertise, or leisure activities are part of communities. Particular attention was paid to examining the vocabulary employed within these communities, a crucial aspect in this study. The findings revealed that double bassists from both traditions fundamentally conceptualized aspects within the temporal organization of music similarly at a theoretical level. They defined elements such as pulse, tempo, and rhythm comparably, yet their practical conceptualizations of these same elements diverged. Their musical environments and types of ensembles influenced how they perceived these fundamental concepts. Jazz bassists viewed themselves as establishing a foundational structure alongside drummers, allowing for other musicians in the ensemble to play more freely on the foundation they built. Classical bassists also perceived their role as establishing a foundation, yet they emphasized alternating roles, sometimes following a conductor or soloist. Moreover, their conceptualization of pulse was more fluid, acknowledging that tempo and pulse could exhibit greater variability within their musical tradition. / Denna studie handlar om musikens tidsmässiga uppbyggnad (Temporal organisation of music). Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur kontrabasister från två olika musikaliska traditioner tänker kring olika delar av musikens tidsmässiga uppbyggnad, specifikt inom jazzmusik och västerländsk klassisk musik. Målet var att utforska eventuella skillnader och varför de i sådana fall uppkommit. Respondenterna i studien har diskuterat hur olika lärare, likt forskare inom området, har olika tolkningar av aspekter inom musikens temporala organisering och hur detta har påverkat deras perspektiv på fenomen som puls, rytm, meter och timing. I studien genomfördes fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer, två respondenter som studerar eller studerat ett kandidatprogram i jazz och två som studerar eller studerat ett kandidatprogram i klassisk musik. Empirin analyserades sedan genom teorin Community of Practice som fokuserar på hur individer ingår i olika grupper genom de intressen, expertområden eller fritidsaktiviteter de deltar inom. En del av Community of practice fokuserar även på hur gruppers vokabulär kan se ut, något som denna studie lägger stor vikt att analysera. Studiens resultat visade att kontrabasisterna från de båda traditionerna i grunden konceptualiserade aspekter inom musikens tidsmässiga uppbyggnad på liknande sätt på en grundläggande teoretisk nivå. De definierade aspekter som puls, tempo och rytm på liknande vis, men deras konceptualiseringar av samma aspekter ur ett praktiskt förhållningssätt skilde sig åt. Eftersom de vistas i olika musikaliska miljöer och ensembleformer så påverkas även deras konceptualisering av dessa grundläggande begrepp av detta. Jazzbasisterna såg sig själva som en grund tillsammans med trummisen som resterande musik kan sväva mer fritt över. De klassiska basisterna såg också på sin roll inom musikens tidsmässiga uppbyggnad som någon som skapar en grund för andra, men de poängterade också att de lika ofta följer en annan stämma, en dirigent eller solist. Deras konceptualisering av specifikt puls var också mer flytande, då tempo och puls kan vara mer fri och föränderlig inom deras musikaliska tradition.

L’objectif principal de ce travail était de montrer empiriquement l’influence des contraintes culturelles sur la motricité humaine grâce à la mise en œuvre d’une expérience standardisée dans différents contextes culturels. L’exemple choisi est le tournage de poterie. Il s’agit d’une habileté artisanale ancienne qui est encore pratiquée dans différentes sociétés. En nous appuyant sur le cadre théorique de la psychologie écologique, nous avons étudié comment, à partir d’environnements culturels distincts —en France et dans deux communautés différentes en Inde— une même tâche (le tournage) est réalisée. La tâche expérimentale consistait à reproduire quatre formes dans deux masses. Deux expériences d’interversion ont également permis d’approfondir les résultats. En étudiant les stratégies d’action et le résultat final à partir des productions, on a pu mettre en évidence un ensemble de traits invariants dans les différents groupes. Ces invariants peuvent être interprétés comme une réponse aux contraintes de la tâche. Ainsi, quel que soit l’environnement culturel dans lequel le potier a appris le tournage, ce sont les principes du tournage qui ont été appris, indépendamment des conditions spécifiques d’exécution. En même temps, les résultats ont aussi montré des modulations culturelles dans la géométrie des productions et dans l’organisation temporelle de l’action. Il est possible d’interpréter ces variations comme des adaptations aux contraintes culturelles (matérielles et sociales) spécifiques à chaque groupe. En outre, nous avons observé que l’influence des contraintes sociales était aussi prégnante que celle des contraintes matérielles. Cette dernière observation nous a amené à proposer un projet de recherche postdoctorale ayant pour but d’analyser l’influence des modèles d’action (véhiculés par l’environnement social lors de l’apprentissage) sur les stratégies d’action du potier. / The main goal of our study was to provide an empirical demonstration of the influence of cultural constraints on motor performance. We focused on wheel throwing, an ancient craft skill that is still practiced in many societies. Inspired by the theoretical framework of the ecological approach to perception and action, we studied how a same task (throwing ceramic vessels on a wheel) was realised in different cultural environments in France and in two distinct communities in India. This study was made possible by the application of a standardised experimental approach within the different cultural contexts. The task consisted in reproducing four forms in two masses. The results were further developed by crossing experimental conditions between the two Indian populations. By analysing the action strategies and the vessels produced we were able to highlight a set of invariant characteristics. These invariants are interpreted as potters’ responses to the task constraints related of throwing a vessel. We suggest that all potters studied have acquired the principles underlying wheel throwing, independent of the (cultural) specifics of the conditions in which they evolve. At the same time, our results also revealed cultural modulations in the geometry of the vessels thrown and in the temporal organisation of the throwing activity. Such variations are interpreted as adaptations to the operative (material and social) cultural constraints specific to each group. Interestingly, social constraints were found to be as influential as material constraints (such as the type of wheel used). This latter observation led us to propose a post-doctoral research programme designed to analyse the influence of social action models (promulgated by the social environment during learning) on potter’s action strategies.