As mídias sociais tiveram grande impacto no processo de inovação de jornais e revistas, porém adaptar-se em momentos de recessão ocasionou uma evolução apressada e procedimentos automatizados para mídias essencialmente diferentes. Apesar de haver estudos e soluções estado-da-arte em visualização para midias sociais dedicadas à análise do conteúdo e do comportamento de usuários, nenhum método é otimizado (e especializado) para encontrar padrões do ponto de vista de popularidade no contexto de canais de notícias. Nesta dissertação, discutimos duas diferentes propostas de utilização de combinações de técnicas de visualização que correlacionam as atividades de perfis e de sua comunidade de leitores com a popularidade resultante. Dados foram coletados reunindo postagens no Twitter, o número de seguidores dos perfis de interesse e os tópicos em tendência (trending topics) de canais da imprensa mundial para formar o conjunto de dados base para as propostas aqui apresentadas. Este conjunto de dados foi utilizado como semente para visualizações destinadas a possibilitar a comparação de múltiplas fontes, de forma que os usuários sejam habilitados a entender sua própria comunidade e também os sucessos e derrotas enfrentados pelos perfis competidores no mesmo meio. Essa análise foi validada através de entrevistas com um grupo de jornalistas de diferentes jornais estabelecidos. Através da interação com o sistema, é possível detectar padrões desconhecidos no grande volume de dados de mensagens e comentários de todo o mundo, possibilitando ao usuário uma visão única sobre os comportamentos e preferências de sua comunidade. / Social media has played a big part in the innovation process for newspapers and magazines, but adapting while going through a recession has led to a hasty evolution and automated processes for very different media. While existing social media studies and state-of-the-art visual solutions are available for analyzing social media content and users’ behaviors, no other method is optimized for finding patterns from a popularity standpoint in the specialized realm of news channels. In this dissertation, we discuss two different usages of a combination of different visualization techniques that co-relate profiles’ and their reading community activities with the resulting popularity. We gathered Twitter posts, the number of followers and trending topics from worldwide press profiles as the data set foundation for our proposal. We used this data set as the seed for our visualizations to allow for multiple source comparison, so that not only the user is able to understand their own community but also the success and pitfalls faced by the competition in the same medium. We validate our analysis by interviewing a group of journalists from different established newspapers. Through interacting with our system, it was possible to detect hidden patterns in the massive dataset of messages and comments worldwide, enabling the users to have unique insights into their community’s behaviors and preferences.

Due to the ever-increasing volume of textual documents, text mining is a rapidly growing application of knowledge discovery in databases. Past text mining techniques predominately concentrated on discovering intra-document patterns from textual documents, such as text categorization, document clustering, query expansion, and event tracking. Mining inter-document patterns from textual documents has been largely ignored in the literature. This research focuses on discovering inter-document patterns, called evolution patterns, from document-sequences and proposed the evolution pattern discovery (EPD) technique for mining evolution patterns from a set of ordered sequences of documents. The discovery of evolution patterns can be applied in such domains as environmental scanning and knowledge management, and can be used to facilitate existing document management and retrieval techniques (e.g., event tracking).

Africanized honey bees (AHB) are a hybrid between African and European honey bees (EHB). Compared to the EHB, AHB exhibit more intense, defensive behaviors but nevertheless provide the same important ecosystem service--pollination. AHB have been found in Tucson, AZ. since 1993. It is important to understand the population ecology of AHB for several reasons. Most directly, the behavioral traits retained from African bees present public safety and health risk. AHB are easily agitated; even slight disturbances (e.g., human movements) can provoke attacks. Several hybridized bee traits (e.g., higher colony growth rates, reproduction at a smaller colony size, nesting in a wider range of cavity materials, etc.) also make them more adapted to urban landscapes. The overlap of habitats and resource-using of AHB with human significantly raise the risk of stinging incidents, especially in the areas of bee aggregation. Although the presence of AHB in urban environments may present a public safety and health risk, they do contribute to urban ecosystems substantially through pollination. The fact that AHB is a part of the urban ecosystem suggests a need for a better understanding of the relationship among climate factors, urban landscape characteristics, and AHB population dynamics. The goal of my dissertation was to understand population dynamics of AHB in urban environments using removal records of AHB colonies in water meter boxes. I have demonstrated useful methods and repeatable procedures to process, extract, and synthesize water meter box data which were not collected or sampled specifically for any ecological research. I also examined the spatio-temporal distributions of AHB colony removals in water meter boxes, and evaluated the effects of variations of temperature and precipitation on observed patterns. Then, I investigated the linkage between spatial patterns of AHB colonies and urban landscape characteristics by evaluating densities of water meter boxes, AHB colony abundance, and colony occupancy among different land cover/land use types. Lastly, a conceptual model and quantitative models were developed to illustrate AHB population dynamics, particularly and the interactions among water meter boxes, alternative cavities, and honey bee colonies. Overall, the probabilities of AHB colonies selecting nesting sites can be influenced by: (1) the ratio of water meter boxes and alternative cavities; (2) the difference of vegetative attributes among locations associated with the preference of AHB in selecting new nesting sites. Seasonal variations of precipitation and temperature can affect the development and productivity of AHB population.

As mídias sociais tiveram grande impacto no processo de inovação de jornais e revistas, porém adaptar-se em momentos de recessão ocasionou uma evolução apressada e procedimentos automatizados para mídias essencialmente diferentes. Apesar de haver estudos e soluções estado-da-arte em visualização para midias sociais dedicadas à análise do conteúdo e do comportamento de usuários, nenhum método é otimizado (e especializado) para encontrar padrões do ponto de vista de popularidade no contexto de canais de notícias. Nesta dissertação, discutimos duas diferentes propostas de utilização de combinações de técnicas de visualização que correlacionam as atividades de perfis e de sua comunidade de leitores com a popularidade resultante. Dados foram coletados reunindo postagens no Twitter, o número de seguidores dos perfis de interesse e os tópicos em tendência (trending topics) de canais da imprensa mundial para formar o conjunto de dados base para as propostas aqui apresentadas. Este conjunto de dados foi utilizado como semente para visualizações destinadas a possibilitar a comparação de múltiplas fontes, de forma que os usuários sejam habilitados a entender sua própria comunidade e também os sucessos e derrotas enfrentados pelos perfis competidores no mesmo meio. Essa análise foi validada através de entrevistas com um grupo de jornalistas de diferentes jornais estabelecidos. Através da interação com o sistema, é possível detectar padrões desconhecidos no grande volume de dados de mensagens e comentários de todo o mundo, possibilitando ao usuário uma visão única sobre os comportamentos e preferências de sua comunidade. / Social media has played a big part in the innovation process for newspapers and magazines, but adapting while going through a recession has led to a hasty evolution and automated processes for very different media. While existing social media studies and state-of-the-art visual solutions are available for analyzing social media content and users’ behaviors, no other method is optimized for finding patterns from a popularity standpoint in the specialized realm of news channels. In this dissertation, we discuss two different usages of a combination of different visualization techniques that co-relate profiles’ and their reading community activities with the resulting popularity. We gathered Twitter posts, the number of followers and trending topics from worldwide press profiles as the data set foundation for our proposal. We used this data set as the seed for our visualizations to allow for multiple source comparison, so that not only the user is able to understand their own community but also the success and pitfalls faced by the competition in the same medium. We validate our analysis by interviewing a group of journalists from different established newspapers. Through interacting with our system, it was possible to detect hidden patterns in the massive dataset of messages and comments worldwide, enabling the users to have unique insights into their community’s behaviors and preferences.

As mídias sociais tiveram grande impacto no processo de inovação de jornais e revistas, porém adaptar-se em momentos de recessão ocasionou uma evolução apressada e procedimentos automatizados para mídias essencialmente diferentes. Apesar de haver estudos e soluções estado-da-arte em visualização para midias sociais dedicadas à análise do conteúdo e do comportamento de usuários, nenhum método é otimizado (e especializado) para encontrar padrões do ponto de vista de popularidade no contexto de canais de notícias. Nesta dissertação, discutimos duas diferentes propostas de utilização de combinações de técnicas de visualização que correlacionam as atividades de perfis e de sua comunidade de leitores com a popularidade resultante. Dados foram coletados reunindo postagens no Twitter, o número de seguidores dos perfis de interesse e os tópicos em tendência (trending topics) de canais da imprensa mundial para formar o conjunto de dados base para as propostas aqui apresentadas. Este conjunto de dados foi utilizado como semente para visualizações destinadas a possibilitar a comparação de múltiplas fontes, de forma que os usuários sejam habilitados a entender sua própria comunidade e também os sucessos e derrotas enfrentados pelos perfis competidores no mesmo meio. Essa análise foi validada através de entrevistas com um grupo de jornalistas de diferentes jornais estabelecidos. Através da interação com o sistema, é possível detectar padrões desconhecidos no grande volume de dados de mensagens e comentários de todo o mundo, possibilitando ao usuário uma visão única sobre os comportamentos e preferências de sua comunidade. / Social media has played a big part in the innovation process for newspapers and magazines, but adapting while going through a recession has led to a hasty evolution and automated processes for very different media. While existing social media studies and state-of-the-art visual solutions are available for analyzing social media content and users’ behaviors, no other method is optimized for finding patterns from a popularity standpoint in the specialized realm of news channels. In this dissertation, we discuss two different usages of a combination of different visualization techniques that co-relate profiles’ and their reading community activities with the resulting popularity. We gathered Twitter posts, the number of followers and trending topics from worldwide press profiles as the data set foundation for our proposal. We used this data set as the seed for our visualizations to allow for multiple source comparison, so that not only the user is able to understand their own community but also the success and pitfalls faced by the competition in the same medium. We validate our analysis by interviewing a group of journalists from different established newspapers. Through interacting with our system, it was possible to detect hidden patterns in the massive dataset of messages and comments worldwide, enabling the users to have unique insights into their community’s behaviors and preferences.

Au cours de la première année de vie, l’enfant passe progressivement d’une alimentation exclusivement lactée à une alimentation familiale grâce à une période de diversification alimentaire. C’est également au cours de cette période qu’apparaissent le babillage et la mastication tous deux associés à l’émergence d’oscillations rythmiques mandibulaires (MacNeilage, 1998). Ce geste moteur commun ainsi que la cooccurrence des troubles alimentaires et des troubles du langage/parole suggèrent l’existence d’un lien entre le développement des activités de parole et d’alimentation. À ce jour, nonseulement peu d’études ont examiné les caractéristiques du développement précoce de ces deux activités, mais il en existe aussi très peu qui ont cherché à vérifier expérimentalement ce lien. Ce projet de thèse vise à répondre à ces deux objectifs. La première partie de notre travail vise ainsi à décrire les conduites alimentaires du jeune enfant français au cours de la diversification alimentaire et à les comparer aux recommandations des organismes de santé publique (OMS, Inpes). Un questionnaire parental intitulé « Inventaire des Conduites Alimentaires » a été créé et a permis d’examiner les modalités d’introduction des aliments complémentaires, et notamment de celles des textures, au sein d’un échantillon de 806 enfants français au développement typique. La deuxième partie de notre recherche a pour objectif d’examiner le lien existant entre le babillage et la mastication au sein de deux études. En nous appuyant sur des données acoustiques et vidéo, nous avons tout d’abord examiné de manière longitudinale les trajectoires développementales des patrons temporels syllabiques etmasticatoires entre 8 et 14 mois chez 4 enfants québécois. Nous avons ensuite analysé les caractéristiques de ces patrons temporels chez 14 enfants français âgés de 10 mois en fonction du développement des gestes communicatifs et du type de textures consommées. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence un âge de transition alimentaire compris entre 4 et 5 mois ainsi qu’une introduction séquentielle des textures lors de la diversification alimentaire. Par ailleurs, les trajectoires des patronssyllabiques et masticatoires obtenues suggèrent d’une part une amélioration globale du contrôle oromoteur entre 10 et 12 mois et d’autre part que les patrons temporels syllabiques subissent l’influence du type de textures auquel l’enfant est régulièrement exposé. Nos observations font ainsi émerger des arguments en faveur de l’existence d’une interdépendance unilatérale entre les activités de parole et d’alimentation à un stade précoce du développement. / During the first years of life, the child gradually moves from an exclusively milk diet to a family diet through a period of complementary feeding. It is also during this period that babbling and mastication appear. They are both associated with the emergence of mandibular rhythmic oscillations (MacNeilage, 1998). This common motor gesture and the co-occurrenceof eating disorders and speech / language disorders suggest a link between the development of speech and eating activities. To date, only few studies described the characteristics of the early development of these two activities, and there are also very few that have tried to verify this link experimentally. This PhD project aims to meet these two goals. The first part of our workpursue the objective of describing the feeding behavior of young French children during complementary feeding period and to compare them with the recommendations of public health organizations (WHO, Inpes). A parental questionnaire entitled "Inventaire des Conduites Alimentaires" was created and allowed to examine the modalities of introduction of complementary foods, including those of textures, in a sample of 806 French typically developing children. The second part of our work aims to test the link between babbling and chewing in two studies. Using acoustic and video data we first examined longitudinally thedevelopmental trajectories of syllabic and masticatory temporal patterns between 8 and 14 months in 4 Quebecers children. Afterwards, we analyzed the characteristics of these temporal patterns in 14 French 10 months old children according to the development of communicative gestures and the type of textures consumed. The results show an average age of food transitionbetween 4 and 5 months and a sequential introduction of textures during dietary diversification. Moreover, the trajectories of the syllabic and masticatory patterns obtained suggest on the one hand an overall improvement of the oro-motor control between 10 and 12 months, and on the other hand that the syllabic temporal patterns would be influenced by the type of textures to which the child is regularly exposed. These observations thus give rise to arguments for the existence of a one-sided interdependence between speech and feeding activities at an early stage of development.

<p>Diet and physical activity (PA) are independent risk factors for obesity and chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The temporal sequence of these exposures could be used to create patterns with potential links to health status indicators.</p> <p>The objectives were (1) to create clusters of joint temporal dietary and PA patterns (TDPAPs) and to determine their association with health status indicators including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and disease status including obesity, T2DM, and MetS; (2) compare the number and strength of association between clusters of daily temporal dietary patterns (TDPs), temporal PA patterns (TPAPs), and TDPAPs and health status indicators above; (3) determine the association between TDPs on weekday and weekend days and health indicators (diet quality, waist circumference, BMI, and obesity) and their overlap of membership; (4) assess concurrent validity of energy and time cut-offs describing the data-driven TDPs by determining their relationships to BMI and WC.</p> <p>A 24-h dietary recall and random day of accelerometer data of U.S. adults aged 20-65 years from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2018 data were used to create data-driven TDPAP, TDP, TPAP clusters by constrained or modified dynamic time warping, coupled with a kernel k-means clustering algorithm. Multivariate regression models determined associations between the temporal pattern clusters and health status indicators, controlling for potential confounders and adjusting for multiple comparisons. The number of significant differences among clusters and adjusted R2/the Akaike information criterion compared the strength of associations between clusters of patterns and continuous/categorical health status indicators. The percentages of overlap in cluster membership between temporal patterns were also calculated.</p> <p>A TDPAP/TDP cluster with proportionally equivalent energy consumed at evenly spaced eating occasions, or a TDPAP/TPAP cluster with the highest PA counts among 4 clusters, </p> <p>was associated with significantly better health indicators including lower BMI, WC, and</p> <p>odds of obesity than other temporal lifestyle pattern clusters. TDPAPs and TDPs had stronger and more numerous associations with health indicators compared with TPAPs. Both a weekday and weekend day TDP of proportionally equivalent energy consumed throughout the day were significantly associated with better health indicators compared with the other TDP clusters but the TDPs of most adults were not consistent on weekdays and weekend days. The data-driven TDP was validated using descriptive cut-off generated TDP and holds promise for obesity interventions and translation to dietary guidance. </p> <p>Temporal lifestyle patterns are significantly associated with health indicators, providing evidence that incorporating time with lifestyle style behaviors comprehensively may provide insight into health. Further evaluation of temporal patterns linked to health holds potential for application to interventions to prevent chronic disease.</p>

Sediment accumulation and loss were measured in a water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica)- baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) forested wetlandin years 2, 7, 10 and 12 following harvesting disturbance. A 3 X 3 Latin Square design was replicated three times and compared to a psuedo-replicate reference stand (REF). Disturbance treatments were chainsaw fellind of trees with (1) helicopter removal of logs (HELI), (2) helicopter removal of logs followed by a simulated skidder removal (SKID), and helicopter removal of logs follwed by glyphosphate application (GLYPH). Measurements of sediment accretion show little difference between treatments and reference in the first two years following harvest. After two years the harvest treatments accumulate more sediment than the REF. Of the harvest treatments, the GLYPH plots accumulate the greatest quantities of sediment. The difference in sediment accretion between the harvest treatments begins to fade in the 12th year of recovery. Results show that skidder and helicopter removal of logs differ very little in the amount of sediment trapped, while glyphosphate application increased the wetland's ability to trap sediment beginning in the second year. In addition, sediment trappin is associated with herbaceous cover that slows flood waters and allows soil particles to precipitate from flood water. / Master of Science

Os reservatórios urbanos estão suscetíveis a uma variedade de interferências antropogênicas que acarretam grande variabilidade espacial e temporal. Contudo, possuem uma dinâmica própria na qual o hidroclima e micro e macro-eventos meteorológicos atuam sobre os processos físicos, químicos e biológicos resultando em respostas particulares de cada corpo de água. No presente estudo a existência de padrões espaciais e temporais na formação de florescimentos de algas, cianobactérias e macrófitas no reservatório Guarapiranga, São Paulo, SP, foi avaliada por meio de experimento de curta escala de tempo durante o evento da entrada de uma frente fria. Foram amostrados 64 pontos em todo o reservatório, e o estudo intensivo de florescimento algal e de cianobactérias em dois ciclos nictemerais, em um ponto selecionado no reservatório. Um modelo tridimensional de hidrodinâmica foi aplicado ao estudo compartimentalizado dos tempos de residência e imagens de satélite foram analisadas para determinação de padrões temporais e espaciais durante períodos de tempo mais amplos. Os resultados revelaram que os períodos mais favoráveis ao surgimento de florescimentos de cianobactérias são geralmente os meses mais quentes, de dezembro e janeiro, ou aqueles em que ocorrem estratificações mais fortes como no fim do inverno, em julho, e após as primeiras chuvas nos meses de setembro e outubro. Existem padrões espaciais recorrentes na formação dos florescimentos, controlados em grande parte pela ação do vento, que no reservatório Guarapiranga é predominantemente nas direções leste e sudeste empurrando os florescimentos na direção da foz dos tributários Embu Mirim e Embu Guaçu e ocasionalmente na direção da foz do rio Parelheiros. As simulações hidrodinâmicas evidenciam as forçantes que determinam os padrões observados e reforçam a importância de se discretizarem os tempos de residência de diferentes compartimentos do reservatório. As séries temporais amplas permitiram a determinação da qualidade da água em cada região e fornecem subsídios para o futuro manejo do reservatório. Como esse comportamento não se restringe ao reservatório Guarapiranga, o tipo de modelagem aqui utilizada pode ser útil para obter informações importantes no processo de planejamento e seleção de medidas para o gerenciamento de reservatórios urbanos tropicais polimíticos, em geral. / Urban reservoirs are susceptible to a variety of anthropogenic interferences, that leads to large spatial and temporal variability, however they have themselves a proper dynamics in which the hydroclimate and micro and macro meteorological events act upon physical, chemical and biological processes, resulting in a singular signature for each water body. In the present study the existence of spatial and temporal patterns for the formation of algal, cyanobacterial and macrophyte blooms in Guarapiranga Reservoir, São Paulo, SP, was evaluated by means of a short-time scale experiment during the event of a cold front passage. Sampling was carried out in 64 points in the whole reservoir and the intensive study of an algal and cyanobacterial during two nictemeral cycles, at a selected point in the reservoir. A tri-dimensional hydrodynamics model was applied to the study of discrete residence time of the main reservoir tributaries. Satellite images and long term data sets were analyzed aiming to determine spatial and temporal patterns at long time scale. The results obtained have shown that the most favorable periods for algal and cyanobacterial blooms are usually the hottest months, December and January, or those with stronger thermal stratification at the end of the winter in July and after the first rains in September and October months. There are recurrent spatial patterns in the formation of blooms, largely controlled by wind action, that in Guarapiranga Reservoir are predominantly from East and Southeast directions frequently pushing the blooms towards Embu Mirim and Embu Guaçu tributaries and occasionally towards Parelheiros River mouth. Hydrodynamic simulations evidenced the forcing functions that control the observed patterns and reinforced the importance of residence time discretization according to each main reservoir compartment. The temporal data series allowed to assess each compartment water quality and provided information for future reservoir management. Considering that the patterns found are not restricted to Guarapiranga Reservoir, the type of model here used could be useful to get relevant information to be used in the planning or selection of management actions for tropical polymictic urban reservoirs in general.

Orientador: Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad / Banca: Cynthia Peralta de Almeida Prado / Banca: Cinthia Aguirre Brasileiro / Banca: Luis Felipe de Toledo Ramos Pereira / Banca: Marianna Botelho de Oliveira Dixo / Resumo: Estudamos a riqueza, composição taxonômica e os padrões de distribuição espaciais e temporais de taxocenoses de anuros do Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo (PEMD), o maior remanescente de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Registramos 28 espécies de anuros (Apêndice I) de setembro de 2005 a março de 2007, que compreenderam um misto de espécies de Mata Atlântica, do Cerrado e de formas amplamente distribuídas na América do Sul, geralmente consideradas tolerantes a modificações antropogênicas. A baixa riqueza de espécies e de modos reprodutivos, a predominância de espécies habitatgeneralistas e a alta similaridade de espécies de anuros com áreas de Cerrado podem ser explicadas pela sazonalidade climática da área estudada (estação seca pronunciada), além da grande distância em relação a centros de diversificação de anuros, como as montanhas costeiras da Floresta Atlântica úmida. Chuva e fotoperíodo explicaram aproximadamente 77% da atividade de vocalização de toda a taxocenose, enquanto somente a chuva e o fotoperíodo explicaram a temporada de vocalização em ambientes temporários e permanentes, respectivamente. Registramos alta sobreposição na temporada de vocalização dos machos, mas segregação na fase larval. A distribuição das espécies de anuros entre sítios de reprodução (Apêndice II) diferiu da esperada pelo acaso e compreendeu três taxocenoses distintas de anuros que foram explicadas pelo conjunto de variáveis ambientais de riachos permanentes, represas permanentes e poças temporárias. Registramos que 19 espécies de anuros (aproximadamente 83% da riqueza total de espécies registradas nos corpos d'água monitorados) foram indicadoras da heterogeneidade ambiental: três espécies indicaram riachos permanentes, quatro indicaram represas permanentes e 12 espécies indicaram poças temporárias... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: We studied richness, composition, and patterns of temporal and spatial distributions of anuran assemblages of Morro do Diabo State Park (MDSP), the major remnant of Mesophytic Semideciduous Forest (MSF) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. From September 2005 to March 2007 we recorded 28 anuran species (Appendix I), comprising a mix of Atlantic, Cerrado, and South American widespread species, usually considered tolerant to anthropic modifications. The low richness of species and reproductive modes, the predominance of habitat generalist species, and the high similarity with Cerrado areas can be explained by climatic seasonality of the studied area (pronounced dry season), besides its large distance in relation to centers of anuran diversification, such as coastal mountains of the wet Atlantic Forest. Rainfall and photoperiod explained about 77% of calling activity of the whole assemblage, while rainfall alone in temporary habitats and photoperiod in permanent ones explained the calling season. We recorded high temporal overlap for calling males, but segregation for tadpoles. Spatial distribution of anuran species among breeding sites of the MDSP (Appendix II) differed of expected by chance and comprised three distinct anuran assemblages that were explained by the suite environmental variables of permanent streams, permanent dams, and temporary ponds. We recorded that 19 species (about 83% of total anuran species recorded in monitored sites) were indicators of environmental heterogeneity: three anuran species indicated permanent streams, four indicated permanents dams, and 12 anuran species indicated temporary ponds. Regarding to micro-spatial distribution of anuran species at two temporary ponds of MDSP, we recorded that males of most pairs of species (96%) used distinct sites for calling activities. The best combination of variables discriminating anuran species regarding male... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor