Thesis (Ph. D.)--Arizona State University, 1995. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [299]-307).

Σε αυτήν την διπλωματική εργασία ασχοληθήκαμε με την υλοποίηση των κριτηρίων έγκυρου τερματισμού του Turbo αποκωδικοποιητή σε συσκευή FPGA. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζουμε το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο που περιλαμβάνει βασικές έννοιες των ψηφιακών επικοινωνιών και την μαθηματική υποστήριξη του turbo κώδικα. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα της εξομοίωσης του κώδικα. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται αρχιτεκτονική του κυκλώματος που υλοποιεί τον turbo κώδικα τόσο από την πλευρά του κωδικοποιητή όσο και από την πλευρά του αποκωδικοποιητή. Εν συνεχεία, στο κεφάλαιο 4 παρουσιάζεται το προτεινόμενο κριτήριο τερματισμού μαζί με την δική του υλοποίηση καθώς και την υλοποίηση τριών άλλων κριτηρίων. Στο τέλος παρουσιάζουμε τα συμπερασματά μας και τις μετρήσεις μας. / In this thesis we studied the implementation of the termination criteria of the turbo decoder as well as its implementation on the hardware. In the first chapter an introduction to fundamental concepts of digital communication as well as their mathimatical expression. In the second chapter the results of the simulation of the code are presented. In the third chapter the architecture of the turbo encoder and decoder are presented. In the fourth chapter a new termination criterion is presented with the implementation of tree other criteria. Finally we present our conclusions and our measurements.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Background: Clinical trial completion is critical for new cancer therapies. Premature trial termination or withdrawal is common and impairs progress. We assessed factors of early terminated/withdrawn oncology trials focusing on trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), hypothesizing that the latter may be associated with lower rates of premature discontinuation. Materials and Methods: We reviewed all adult, intervention, oncology trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (November 16, 2011, to April 16, 2015) to identify all terminated/withdrawn trials and reasons for termination. Logistics regression model was used to identify factors associated with early termination/withdrawal. Discontinuation rate was compared in trials with and without ICI. Results: We identified 12,875 trials (35% industry funded, 12% federal funded), of which 8.5% were prematurely terminated (5%) or withdrawn (3.5%); the main reasons were poor accrual (33%) and logistical (24%). ICI trials (n = 350) had a nonsignificant lower rate of termination or withdrawal compared with all other oncology trials (5.4% vs. 8.5%; p =.9) and were less likely to discontinue due to poor accrual (nonsignificant difference: 21% vs. 33%; p =.4). ICI trials were also less likely to discontinue compared with all other oncology drug trials (e.g., chemotherapy, targeted inhibitors, antiangiogenesis, biologics; 5.4% vs. 7.9%, respectively, nonsignificant difference). The 4-year cumulative incidence of failing to complete for reasons unrelated to toxicity or efficacy was 18% (95% confidence interval 16%–20%). There was no association between annual incidence across different tumor types or accrual goal and rate of trial termination. Conclusion: Poor accrual represents the main cause of early cancer trial termination. Premature termination/withdrawal rate was not significantly lower in ICI compared with other trials. Clinical trial completion remains a high priority and can be influenced by provider and patient factors. Implications for Practice: Clinical trial completion is critical for new cancer therapies. Premature trial termination or withdrawal is common and impairs progress. This study assessed factors of early terminated/withdrawn oncology trials, focusing on trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and found that poor accrual represents the main cause of early cancer trial termination. Premature termination/withdrawal rate was not significantly lower in immune checkpoint inhibitor trials compared to other trials. The discussion herein is focused on measures taken by the National Cancer Institute and other institutions to improve clinical trial accrual and prevent premature clinical trial discontinuation. / Revisión por pares

Although abortion has been decriminalized in Canada since 1988 and is covered as a medically necessary service through territorial health insurance schemes, anecdotal evidence suggests women in Canada’s north face significant barriers to accessing care. With a population of fewer than 34,000 spread across an area that is larger than California, geographic remoteness impacts health care access and quality in Yukon Territory. This qualitative study aimed to explore the dynamics shaping access to abortion care in the Yukon, provide an opportunity for women to share their experiences, and identify possible avenues for improving service delivery. In 2015-2016, the study team conducted 16 in-depth interviews with women and 11 key informant interviews. We used an iterative analytic approach allowing for the identification of emerging codes and themes. Our findings reveal that women face a number of barriers when accessing abortion services in Yukon. Specifically, a physician referral is required, as are several pre-procedure appointments, with no one central location to obtain these services. Women expressed concerns of privacy, overcoming logistical constraints, lengthy wait times, and lack of follow-up supports. Challenges were further amplified for women residing outside of Whitehorse, the sole location to obtain abortion services in the territory. Facilitating efforts to create a more transparent and streamlined service would ease the process for women seeking care and appears warranted. The recent registration of mifepristone could serve to alleviate certain barriers, presuming that the approved regimen is affordable, evidence-based, and available at more service delivery points. Bien que l'avortement a été décriminalisé au Canada depuis 1988 et est couvert en tant que service médicalement essentiel par le biais des régimes d'assurance-santé territoriales, des évidences non confirmées suggèrent que les femmes vivant au Nord du Canada font face à des obstacles importants quant à l'accès aux soins. Avec une population de moins de 34,000 habitants répartit sur un territoire d’une superficie supérieure à celle de la Californie, les effets de l’éloignement géographique sur l'accès et la qualité des soins de santé dans le territoire du Yukon sont considérables. Cette étude qualitative visait à explorer la dynamique qui façonne l'accès aux services d'avortement au Yukon, fournir une occasion pour ces femmes de partager leurs expériences et d'identifier les alternatives possibles pour améliorer la prestation de ces services. En 2016-2016, l’equipe de recherche a effectué 16 entrevues avec des femmes et 11 entrevues avec des informateurs/acteurs clés, et avons utilisé une approche analytique itérative permettant l'identification d’une codification et des thèmes émergents. Nos résultats démontrent que les femmes font face à un certain nombre d'obstacles lors de l'accès aux services d'avortement au Yukon. En effet, une recommandation médicale est requise, de même que plusieurs rendez-vous pré-procédure et un manque de services centralisés. Les atteintes à la vie privée, les contraintes logistiques, les longs temps d’attente et le manque de suivi sont des contraintes exprimées par nos participantes. Ces défis sont encore plus important pour les femmes habitant à l'extérieur de Whitehorse qui est le seul endroit pour obtenir des services d'avortement sur le territoire. Promouvoir les efforts visant à créer des services plus transparents et simplifiés faciliteraient le processus pour les femmes qui requiert des soins et semblent nécessaires. La récente introduction de la mifépristone pourrait alléger certains obstacles, en supposant que le médicament adopté est abordable, fondé sur des preuves scientifiques, et disponible à plusieurs points de services.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar novilhos resultantes da seleção genética de diferentes linhagens da raça Canchim (5/8 Charolês, 3/8 Zebu), recriados a pasto e terminados em confinamento, em relação ao consumo alimentar, desempenho, emissão de metano entérico, características de carcaça e cortes cárneos. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, unidade Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos/SP. Foram utilizados 46 novilhos da raça Canchim (15 meses, 291 kg de peso vivo), 13 pertencentes a linhagem antiga, 20 a linhagem nova e 13 provenientes do acasalamento entre estas linhagens. A linhagem antiga é mantida como rebanho fechado desde 1953 e foi formada com base em 53 touros Charoleses importados da França, já a linhagem nova teve origem a partir de 1990 com a utilização de touros Charoleses de diferentes origens (Argentina, Brasil, Estados Unidos, França, Inglaterra), e a partir de 1998, com o acasalamento entre as duas linhagens formou-se a linhagem cruzada. Durante a recria a pasto (165 dias), os animais foram alojados em uma área de pastagem (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia), onde o manejo adotado foi o de pastejo rotacionado com lotação variável, para as medidas de desempenho foram executadas pesagens a cada 33 dias, e a mensuração da emissão de metano entérico através da técnica do gás traçador hexafluoreto de enxofre realizada em 12 animais da linhagem antiga e 12 da nova. No período de terminação em confinamento, os animais foram dispostos em 4 baias e receberam alimentação ad libitum durante 105 dias, o ganho de peso foi medido a cada 28 dias e para a mensuração de emissão de metano os mesmos animais avaliados a pasto, tiveram acesso ao sistema automatizado GreenFeed®. No momento do abate, foram coletadas informações sobre o peso de carcaça quente, e após 24 horas de resfriamento em câmara fria, o peso da carcaça fria, do traseiro especial, dianteiro e ponta de agulha e na desossa os pesos individuais dos cortes cárneos comerciais. A linhagem nova mostrou-se superior a antiga no período de recria nas variáveis de ganho médio diário, conversão e eficiência alimentar, não se diferenciando dos cruzados. Durante a terminação em confinamento, foi observado o mesmo em relação ao ganho médio diário, já em relação ao consumo, a linhagem nova e os cruzados apresentaram maiores ingestões de alimento comparados à linhagem antiga, enquanto a conversão alimentar dos animais cruzados apresentou maior valor comparados às das linhagens. Na recria a pasto, para se obter maiores ganhos de peso, melhor conversão alimentar e eficiência alimentar, devem ser utilizados animais resultantes de processos de seleção genética. A seleção genética para características de desempenho produtivo não garante animais com menores emissões de metano em condições de pastejo. Nos animais em fase de terminação em confinamento, o maior ganho de peso, melhor conversão alimentar e melhor acabamento de carcaça são obtidos através da utilização de animais resultantes de processos de seleção genética. O mesmo tipo de seleção para características de desempenho produtivo em confinamento leva a maiores consumos diários de alimento e consequentemente a maiores emissões de metano diárias. / The objective of this study was to evaluate steers resulting from the genetic selection of different Canchim (5/8 Charolais, 3/8 Zebu) lineages, rearing to pasture and finished in feedlot, in relation to feed intake, performance, enteric methane emission, carcass traits and retail cuts. The experiment was carried out at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Southeast Livestock, São Carlos / SP. A total of 46 Canchim steers (15 months, 291 kg live weight) were used, 13 from the ancient lineage, 20 from the new lineage and 13 from the mating between these lineages. The ancient lineage is kept as a closed herd since 1953 and was formed by 53 Charolais bulls imported from France. The new lineage originated from 1990 with the use of Charolais bulls from different origins (Argentina, Brazil, the United States, France, England), and from 1998 the crossed lineage was formed with the mating between the two lineages. During grazing (165 days), the animals were housed in an pasture area (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania), where the management used was rotational grazing with variable stocking, for the performance measures were performed weighing every 33 days, and the measurement of the enteric methane emission through the sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique was performed in 12 animals of the ancient and 12 of the new lineage. In feedlot the animals were housed in 4 pens and fed ad libitum for 105 days. The weight gain was measured every 28 days and as for the measurement of methane emission the same animals evaluated on pasture had access to the GreenFeed® automated system. Information on the hot carcass weight was collected at the time of slaughter and after 24 hours of cooling in the cold chamber, the weights of the cold carcass, of the special hind, fore and spare ribs, and the individual weights of the retail cuts in boning. The new lineage was superior to the ancient one in the rearing period in the variables of average daily gain, conversion and feed efficiency, not differing from the animals crossed. During feedlot, it was observed the same in relation to the average daily gain, already in relation to intake, the new lineage and the crossbreeds presented higher feed intakes compared to the ancient lineage while the feed conversion of the crossed animals presented higher value compared with the new and ancient lineages. In pasture recreating, in order to obtain greater weight gains, better feed conversion and feed efficiency, animals resulting from genetic selection processes must be used. Genetic selection for performance traits does not guarantee animals with lower methane emissions under grazing conditions. For feedlot animals, the highest weight gain, better feed conversion and better carcass finishing are obtained through the use of animals resulting from genetic selection processes. The same type of selection for traits of performance in feedlot leads to higher daily feed intake and consequently to higher daily methane emissions.

The dissertation discusses problems of redundancy payments and other forms of compensation under labour law. Its focus is to describe in depth the current Czech law system's range of compensation which is related to employment termination. Every termination of employment comes with certain rights as well as obligations for either the employer or the employee. Among some of the obligations, provisions of different types of compensation are found, to which the rights are gained by termination of labour relations that are implied by the law as well as the agreement made by both sides. This dissertation is divided into five chapters. The introduction describes the labour law in general, because labour relations are ones of the most fundamental law relations in the life of almost every person. In the second chapter, we encounter the main topic of this dissertation - redundancy payments issues, what is their purpose, how one's rights to the payment are gained, on what legal grounds, what is the amount paid in specific cases of employment termination, and how it is calculated. The third chapter focuses on a specific clause and qualification agreement on improvement and deepening knowledge, and related labour compensation. Subsequently, in the fourth chapter, I discuss the severance issues as another...

In this Master's thesis there is discussed the subject of redundancy payment and other forms of compensation in labour-law relations. In individual chapters there are described different types of compensation, which the current labour law knows and at the same time there are mentioned even compensations for which employees shall have the right according to the previous legislation. Only marginally there are mentioned compensation provided within the civil service. The Master's thesis is divide into seven chapters. In the first chapter there is performed the systematic classification of compensations, which corresponds with the content of this thesis. Second chapter is focused on the general matters connected with severance payment such as the origin of claim for redundancy payment, difference between contractual and statutory redundancy payment, paying of redundancy payment or return of redundancy payment. There is perform also the comparison with redundancy payment according to the Act No. 65/1965 Coll., Labour Code in effect until 31st December 2006. Third chapter is focused on manners of the termination of labour relation establishing the claim for redundancy payment. In detail there are analysed manners of the termination of labour relation by an employer and termination of labour relation by...

Resumé Die Beendigung des Arbeitsverhältnisses in der Tschechischen Republik Das Thema dieser Diplomarbeit ist die Beendigung des Arbeitsverhältnisses in der Tschechischen Republik, also mit dem Ziel die Verfahren der Arbeitsverhältnisbeendigung und auch die Rechtsregelung im Zusammenhang mit der Arbeitnehmerschutz und der Vertragsfreiheit, die das Arbeitsgesetzbuch gewährleistet, zu erklären. Die Diplomarbeit gliedert sich in 4 Themenkapitel. Am Anfang gibt es den historischen Exkurs ins Arbeitsrecht, von Beginn seiner Entwicklung bis zur Gegenwart. Im Hinblick auf die internationale Zusammenarbeit und Verpflichtungen der Tschechischen Republik enthält diese Diplomarbeit auch das Kapitel betreffend das Arbeitsrecht im internationalen Kontext, also im Rahmen der internationalen Organisationen und von ihnen abgeschlossenen Vereinbarungen. Weiter kommt das Kapitel über die Arbeitsverhältnisse, hier beschäftige ich mich mit ihren allgemeinen Eigenschaften und ihren einzelnen Merkmalen (das Subjekt, das Objekt und der Inhalt des Arbeitsverhätnisses). Mit diesem Thema steht im engen Zusammenhang auch der Bereich der Arbeitsverhältnisentstehung und seiner Änderung. Das Hauptkapitel der Diplomarbeit ist das letzte Kapitel enthaltende die Erklärung zu den einzelnen Verfahren der Beendigung von Arbeitsverhältnissen....

Notice of termination of employment This thesis aims for closer analysis of current legislation of notice of termination of employment. The thesis also refers to other ways of termination of employment as it is important to put notice of termination into a broader context. Second aim of this thesis is to offer proposals of amendments de lege ferenda. These proposals should reflect the protective nature of labour law as well as endeavour to adjust labour law to modern needs of flexibility. The thesis consists of eight chapters. The first chapter introduces labour law in its basics and describes its relation to civil law from both historical and modern perspectives. Second chapter reveals and describes the structure of both national and international sources of labour law. Third chapter analyses basic principles that affect employment relationship and links them to basic principles of civil law. In fourth chapter, the thesis focuses on other forms of termination of employment in current legislation. Following four chapters are the core of this thesis. Fifth chapter describes current legislation of notice of termination of employment including notice of termination by both employee and by employer, all legal reasons from which employer can terminate an employment and any other possible limitations...

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / Neuropsychiatric disorders place a great burden on the South African healthcare system. This burden is compounded by the shortage of integral human resources such as mental health care staff. Directed Masters programmes in Psychology can address this shortage as it is the practicing degree to qualify as a psychologist and subsequently register as such with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). A small group of students are selected into Professional Masters programmes in Psychology each year, but not all students complete their studies as some are either terminated from the programme or choose to self-terminate. There is a lack of systematic exploration of the factors contributing to non-completion due to self termination. The study therefore aimed to explore the experiences of postgraduate students that chose to self-terminate their studies in a directed Masters programme in Psychology and to identify the factors that contributed to such a decision. The study was qualitative and explorative in nature. The sample consisted of four participants who were previously enrolled for a directed Masters programmes in Psychology offered at a historically disadvantaged university in the Western Cape. The Senate Research and Senate Higher Degrees Committees of UWC (Ethics Clearance and Project Registration Number: 15/4/44) granted permission to conduct the study. Relevant ethics principles including informed consent, voluntary participation, confidentiality, and anonymity were adhered to. Data was collected through programme records and semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analysed by two researchers using thematic analysis. Data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously until saturation was reached. Trustworthiness of the findings was achieved through continuous interrogation of multiple readings of the data, reflexivity, and external auditing. Findings revealed numerous factors that incorporate personal, programmatic and contextual considerations as motivations to self-terminate from a postgraduate programme, thus pointing to the complexity of the decision-making process within a socially embedded reality. The factors influential in self-termination prior to enrollment include the participants' interest in psychological work, their prior work experience and a need for skills capacitation which served as their motives for enrollment. Upon entry into the programme the participants experienced a disparity between their expectations and the nature and requirements of the programme, which led to a lack of satisfaction with the course. Lack of satisfaction, along with academic, physical and emotional unpreparedness, uncertainty about study choice, and perceived competence were some of the obstacles to academic integration. The dissonance they experienced were further exacerbated during enrollment by other factors such as the availability of financial support, interpersonal dynamics within the cohort group, and personal belief systems. The participants were able to find meaning in the process of self-termination as it led to a heightened pursuit of the realisation of personal goals. Participants have subsequent to their experiences in the programme been using the knowledge that they have gained in both salaried and volunteer positions, thus continuing to contribute to the field of psychology.