Idag är det inte många textilföretag som har möjlighet att ha strumpproduktion i ett land som Sverige på grund av lönsamhetsskäl. Det är billigare att producera i låglöneländer i Europa eller Asien, men det tär istället på våra naturresurser och vår miljö att transportera produkter fram och tillbaka. På grund av de höjda lönerna i Kina och valutakursen för euron som höjts drastiskt i Europa har Sverige dock kommit till ett läge då det blir ekonomiskt lönsamt att flytta tillbaka en del av produktionen till Sverige. Dessutom ökar trenden med ekologiska och närproducerade varor, vilket ökar efterfrågan på svensktillverkade produkter. Studien syftar till att ge privatpersoner och företag ett underlag till att undersöka sina möjligheter för produktion av strumpor på den svenska marknaden.Utvecklingen av strumpproduktionen i Sverige pågår hela tiden och företagen uppdaterar sina maskinparker och utbildar sina anställda, vilket leder till en utveckling av marknaden. Om det är lönsamt att tillverka strumpor i Sverige kan till stor del bero på hur stort företaget är, hur brett produktsortiment de har, hur stor deras produktion är och vad de använder sig av för maskiner.Jämfört med antalet strumpproducerande företag på den svenska marknaden finns det få reparatörer och servicetekniker till maskinerna. Flertalet serviceföretag är inte bara verksamma på den svenska marknaden utan har kunder i hela norden. Att de arbetar på flera marknader kan göra att de inte är lika tillgängliga för strumpstickföretagen i Sverige. Det finns idag ett behov av fler serviceföretag för strumpstickmaskinerna på den svenska marknaden.Framtiden för strumpstickandet på den svenska marknaden ser ljus ut. Behovet av strumpor kommer alltid att finnas hos konsumenten så länge människan behöver skydda sina fötter mot kyla eller skav från skor. Trenden går mer och mer åt ekologiska och närproducerade produkter, vilket inte bara gynnar de företag som redan är etablerade på den svenska marknaden utan som också öppnar upp möjligheterna för nya företag att etablera sig.There aren’t many textile companies that have the opportunity to have their production in a country such as Sweden because of the profits. It implies a lower cost for a company to produce in low-wage countries like Europe and Asia, although it depletes our natural resources and environment to transport the products back and forth.Because of the increased wages in China and the exchange rate of the euro as increased dramatically in Europe, Sweden has now reached a stage where it becomes economically viable to move back some of the production to Sweden. There is an increasing trend of organic and locally produced products, increasing the demand on products produced in Sweden. The project aims to provide individuals and companies with support for them to explore their opportunities to produce socks on the Swedish market. The development of the production of socks is constant and the companies are improving their installed machines and educate their employer which leads to a development on the market. If it's profitable to produce socks in Sweden depends on the company, how broad collections they have, how big their production are and what machines they are using.Compared to the number of producing sock companies on the Swedish market there is only a few repair- and service technicians for the machines. Most of the companies aren’t only involved on the Swedish market, they have client across the Scandinavian. To work on several markets makes the companies less available to the companies in Sweden. There’s a current demand of more technicians companies for the sock producing companies on the Swedish market.The future of sock knitting on the Swedish market is bright. The need of socks is constant and will always be with the costumers as long as humans have the need of protecting their feet against the cold and sores. The trend is moving towards organic and locally produced products, which not only benefits the already established companies on the Swedish market but also opens opportunities for new companies to establish themselves. / Program: Textil produktutveckling med entreprenörs- och affärsinriktning

Despite the dynamic portrayal of clothes in the Hebrew Bible scholars continue to interpret them as flat and inert objects. They are often overlooked or reduced to background details in the biblical texts. However, this thesis will demonstrate that the biblical writers’ depictions of clothes are not incidental and should not be reduced to such depictions. This thesis employs a multidisciplinary approach to develop and challenge existing approaches to the clothing imagery in the Hebrew Bible. It will fall into two main parts. In the first part, I draw insights from material-cultural theories to reconfigure ways of thinking about clothing as material objects, and reassessing the relationships between people and objects. Having challenged some of the broader conceptions of clothing, I will turn to interrogate the material and visual evidence for clothing and textiles from ancient Syro- Palestinian and ancient West Asian cultures to construct a perspective of the social and material impact of clothing in the culture in which the biblical texts were constructed and formed. In the second part, I will examine the biblical writers’ depiction of clothing through two case studies: Joseph’s ketonet passim (Genesis 37) and Elijah’s adderet (1 Kings 19 and 2 Kings 2). These analyses will draw from the insights made in the first part of this thesis to reassess and challenge the conventional scholarly interpretations of clothing in these texts. In this thesis, I argue that clothes are employed in powerful ways as material objects which construct and develop the social, religious and material dimensions of the text. They are also intimately entangled in relationships with the characters portrayed by the biblical writers and can even be considered as extensions of the people with whom they are engaged. Clothes manifest their own agency and power, which can transform other persons and objects through their performance and movement in a biblical text.

Machinarium is an exploration of industrial bio-mechanical hybridity as part of the 21st Century paradigm. The dissertation investigates the potential of industry as urban catalyst - a mechanism with which to regenerate urban environments and re-integrate socio-ecological systems. In an attempt to redefine modern concepts of waste and mitigate the flood of pollution emanating from 20th century industrialisation, the investigation is contextually based in an ‘urban wasteland’ - which is re-programmed as part of a new industrial ecology. The dissertation therefore blurs present-day distinctions between ‘social’, ‘productive’ and ‘natural’ space, while at the same time placing focus on the global cultural dependence on waste. If humankind is to survive the predicted crises of the our time, a 21st-century approach to design must shift the modern understanding of architecture as ‘machines for living in’ towards that of architecture as living machines. Machinarium alludes to new ways of architectural place-making in a rapidly changing world. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

This work assesses the evolution of textile production in the Czech lands during the Eneolithic, a period that is the earliest source of broader archaeological information for the study of textile manufacturing. The basis for the study is provided above all by archaeological finds of textile tools (spindle whorls, weights, spools and awls) that are evaluated within individual archaeological cultures in terms of quantity, shape, size and function, archaeological context and chronological development. This is supplemented by a survey of fragmentary textiles and their imprints dating from the Stone Age in the Czech Republic. Another important source of information is provided by findings from research into Eneolithic pile-dwelling settlements around Alpine lakes that have provided numerous finds of archaeological textiles as well as textile-making tools and tool fragments that have not been found in the Czech lands. An interesting comparative set of artefacts is provided by the objects found in the possession of the mummy of Ötzi dating from the Middle Eneolithic Period. The second part of the work focuses on the experimental testing of several hypotheses formulated on the basis of the study of archaeological materials. The experiments focused on the potential of working bast fibre from trees as an...

Ce travail est basé sur une approche pluridisciplinaire des sources antiques ; les informations issues des sources écrites, de l’iconographie, des outils de tissage et des fragments textiles conservés, sont comparées pour créer une image aussi complète que possible de l’activité textile en Attique de l’époque classique. Cette étude révèle une activité textile très soutenue, divisée entre l’espace domestique et l’espace artisanal, occupant un grand nombre d’hommes et de femmes. Les Grecs anciens avaient hérité d’une grande tradition textile et d’un savoir-faire qui, comparé à la bonne connaissance du milieu naturel environnant, leur permettait de faire des choix (de matière première, de techniques de fabrication et de techniques d’ennoblissement) pour arriver chaque fois au résultat désiré. Des différences de qualité aux matières premières, aux techniques de fabrication et d’ennoblissement, évoquées dans la littérature de l’époque, indiquent l’existence de textiles de différentes qualités, qui répondaient aux besoins de toutes les couches sociales. / This study examines the textile production in classical Attica with an interdisciplinary method, which combines information from the written sources, the classical iconography, the textile production tools and the classical textile remains, in order to establish the most complete image possible of the textile activity in the classical period. The sources inform us of an elaborate textile industry and a high specialization of the professional technicians working in this domain. The Greeks have inherited a great textile tradition and technical knowledge, which, combined to their familiarity with the natural environment made them to be able to choose between raw materials, production and embellishment techniques in order to achieve the desired result. Differences in the quality of the raw materials, the production and embellishment techniques, as references in the literature, suggest the production of a great variety of textiles of different qualities in order to respond to the needs of all social classes.

Zu Beginn des Forschungsvorhabens wurden im Rahmen der Teilprojekte B1 und B2 des SFB 532 alkalibeständige Glas- und Carbonrovings eingesetzt, die zu offenmaschigen 2D-Textilien verarbeitet wurden. Untersuchungen des Verbund- und des Tragverhaltens der Verstärkungsstrukturen in Pull-Out- und Dehnkörperversuchen haben gezeigt, dass das Potential der Verstärkungsfasern aufgrund einer unvollständiger Durchtränkung der Bewehrung nicht vollständig ausgeschöpft werden kann. Auch Defizite bei der Produktionstechnik wurden erkannt und für zukünftige Entwicklungen analysiert. Um das Potential der verwendeten Verstärkungsfaser vollständiger auszuschöpfen, wurden innovative Garnkonstruktionen, die sich positiv auf den inneren und/oder den äußeren Verbund auswirken, entwickelt und erprobt. Anhand von Versuchsreihen auf der Textilebene wurden unterschiedliche Textilparameter, wie Art der Bindung, Gittergröße und Wirkfadenspannung, identifiziert, die unmittelbar die Tragfähigkeit der Verbundbauteile beeinflussen. Für die gängigen Produktionstechniken Laminieren, Gießen, Spritzen, Schleudern und Extrudieren wurden entsprechende Bewehrungskonstruktionen abgeleitet, die den Anforderungen des jeweiligen Prozess angepasst wurden. Ein weiterer Punkt der Forschungsaktivitäten stellte die Entwicklung der Maschinentechnik zur Herstellung von Verstärkungstextilien dar. Am Institut für Textiltechnik (ITA) der RWTH Aachen University wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit Industriepartnern ein Maschinenkonzept entwickelt und umgesetzt, das die Herstellung von 3D-Abstandsgewirken mit einer freien Gestaltung der Deckflächen mit marktrelevanten Produktionsgeschwindigkeiten ermöglicht. Zur gezielten Einstellung der Wirkfadenspannung wurde ein Regelungssystem konzipiert und technisch umgesetzt, mit dem eine reproduzierbare Fertigung von textilen Verstärkungsstrukturen möglich wird.

La presente tesis propone una interpretación de la organización de la producción textil en la Tercera Dinastía de Ur (ca. 2100-2000 a.n.e.) en Mesopotamia. Se centra en las relaciones de género, la división sexual del trabajo, la jerarquización y el estatus para explicar las categorías laborales y los grupos de trabajo especializados. La evidencia utilizada procede esencialmente de textos sumerios de Ur III publicados entre 1972 y 2010. De entre ellos se han seleccionado 100 textos relacionados con la producción de tejidos que se presentan en transliteración y traducción al castellano. / This dissertation proposes an interpretation of how textile production was organised during the Third Dynasty of Ur (ca. 2100-2000 BCE) in Mesopotamia. We concentrate on gender relationships, the sexual division of labour, hierarchy and status to explain job categories and specialised working groups. The sources used are basically Sumerian texts from the Ur III period, published between 1972 and 2010. Among them, we have selected 100 texts related specifically to textile production. All are presented in transliteration and translation into Spanish in this dissertation.

This essay will treat the Gotlandic textile production during the Viking period (790 AD­–1150 AD) by studying the three grave fields, Barshalder in Grötlingbo parish, Broe in Halla parish and Ire in Hellvi parish. The focus of the study are the textile related objects, spindle whorls, weaving tablets, needles and needle cases found at the grave fields. The study will mainly examine the spindle whorls since differences in the weight and diameter can tell us about what type of yarn or thread that was produced and in extent the textiles that were produced. The results will be catalogued, and a correspondence analysis will be done in hope it will show patterns in the material. The study will also look at if there are differences between the three grave fields and in extent on the island.

Majoriteten av den ull som produceras av svenska får har under flera år slängts eller bränts upp. Samtidigt importerar svenska textilföretag tonvis med ull för miljoner kronor varje år. Detta problem uppmärksammades för några år sedan och ett antal svenska företag har sedandess börjat producera produkter av den svenska ullen. I denna kvalitativa studie har en undersökning gjorts för att sammanställa för- och nackdelar med att producera textilprodukter i svensk ull. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med tio olika företag som idag jobbar med materialet. Resultatet av studien visar att det största problemet med ullproduktion inom Sverige är bristen på en strukturerad infrastruktur inom inköp och produktion. Fördelar med att producera textila produkter i svensk ull är att det är ett materialmed goda egenskaper för flera användningsområden. Det är ett hållbart materialval då ullen annars går till spillo. Närheten till materialet underlättar även kontrollen över att helavärdekedjan sköts på ett etiskt och hållbart sätt. / The majority of the wool produced by Swedish sheep has been discarded or burned for several years. At the same time, Swedish textile companies import tons of wool for millions of swedish crowns each year. This problem was brought to attention a few years ago and a number of Swedish companies have since started to produce products from the Swedish wool. In this qualitative study, an investigation was conducted to compile the pros and cons of producing textile products in Swedish wool. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with ten different companies that are currently working with the material. The results of the study show that the biggest problem with wool production in Sweden is the lack of an organized infrastructure in purchasing and production. The advantage of producing textile products in Swedish wool is that it is a material with good properties for several applications. It is a sustainable choice of material as the wool is otherwise wasted. The proximity to the material also facilitates the control of the entire value chain being managed in an ethical and sustainable way.

El presente proyecto presenta la implementación de una metodología innovadora que permita integrar la Gestión por Procesos con los lineamientos de herramientas de calidad en una empresa exportadora del rubro Textil. Este, pretende ser una guía para la aplicabilidad y adaptabilidad de la técnica innovadora en diferentes rubros. Primero, se desarrollará los antecedentes del entorno textil y las principales deficiencias con el que este se desarrolla. Así mismo, se analizará la importancia del sector para el país dado su aporte en el PBI, así como el estudio de la técnica a emplear para la solución del problema. Posteriormente se realizará el análisis del caso de estudio, el cual iniciará con la justificación cualitativa y cuantitativa para luego analizar las causas inmediatas y raíces. Se pretende determinar la relación entre variables que permitan demostrar la repercusión en el problema central hallado y el impacto económico que demuestre el efecto sobre la rentabilidad. Seguidamente, se planteará la propuesta innovadora como solución del problema y su estructuración, se esquematizará los alcances, consideraciones y un cronograma que permita determinar el tiempo estimado para su desarrollo. Luego, se realizará la validación de efectividad del modelo piloto y los indicadores que permitan evidenciarlo de acuerdo con el análisis de la situación actual de la empresa, acompañado de la evaluación económicamente que demuestre su rentabilidad y el periodo de retorno de la inversión Finalmente, se desarrollarán las conclusiones y recomendaciones generales y específicas que arroja el informe completo con los cálculos, logros obtenidos vs lo esperado. / The present project presents the implementation of an innovative methodology that allows integrating Process Management with the guidelines of quality tools in a company that exports Textile. This aims to be a guide for the applicability and adaptability of the innovative technique in different areas. First, the background of the textile environment and the main deficiencies with which it develops will be developed. Likewise, the importance of the sector for the country will be analyzed given its contribution to GDP, as well as the study of the technique to be used to solve the problem. Later the analysis of the case study will be carried out, which will begin with the qualitative and quantitative justification and then analyze the immediate causes and roots. The aim is to determine the relationship between variables that allow demonstrating the impact on the central problem found and the economic impact that demonstrates the effect on profitability. Subsequently, the innovative proposal will be presented as a solution to the problem and its structuring, the scope, considerations and a schedule will be outlined to determine the estimated time for its development. Then, the effectiveness of the pilot model and the indicators that allow it to be evidenced will be carried out in accordance with the analysis of the current situation of the company, accompanied by an economic evaluation that demonstrates its profitability and the period of return on investment. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations of the full report with the achievements are developed / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional